RECORD: Pascoe, Francis Polkinghorne. 1864-1869. Longicornia Malayana; or, a descriptive catalogue of the species of the three longicorn families Lamiidæ, Cerambycidae and Prionidae, collected by Mr. A.R. Wallace in the Malay Archipelago. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, (series 3) 3: 1-712, 24 pls.
REVISION HISTORY: Transcribed by AEL Data 5.2012. RN1
THE
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THIRD SERIES.
VOL. III.
LONDON:
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PAGE. | |
LONGICORNIA MALAYANA; or a Descriptive Catalogue of the Species of the three Longicorn Families Lamiidœ, Cerambycidœ and Prionidœ, collected by Mr. A. R. WALLACE in the Malay Archipelago. By FRANCIS P. PASCOE, F.L.S., Pres. Ent. Soc. | 1 |
Addenda | 681 |
Summary of Genera and Species | 683 |
Tables of Geographical Distribution | 685 |
Note by Mr. Wallace on the Localities | 691 |
Index | 697 |
Explanation of the Plates | 711 |
Page 2, in the first column of the Table of Malayan and Australian species, interchange Sybra and Ropica.
Page 8, the subfamily Amphionychinœ should be inserted in square brackets.
Page 27, in the Table of Genera, for Xœnapta, read Xœnapta.
Page 96, to the Table of Genera, add Mnemea (see p. 114), and Grammœchus (see p. 681).
Page 140, in the Table of Genera, for Euclœa, read Euclea.
for Epelysta, read Epilysta.
Page 442, line 4, for "one," read "are."
Page 483, line 16 from bottom, for "Dr. Mohucke," read "Dr. Mohnike."
Page 563, Thranius bimaculatus, insert "Hab.—Malacca."
Throughout the volume, in the localities,—
for "Banca" or "Banka," read Banda.
for "Kai," read Kaioa.
for "Mano," read Manowolko.
"Key" and "Ké" denote the same locality.
(The specimens from Banda were ticketted "Ban.," which was at first misunderstood to refer to Banca. "Kai" and "Mano." were abbreviations used by Mr. Wallace for Kaioa and Manowolko.)
OF THE
OF
Longicornia Malayana; or, a Descriptive Catalogue of the Species of the three Longicorn Families Lamiidæ, Cerambycidæ and Prionidæ, collected by Mr. A. R. WALLACE in the Malay Archipelago. By FRANCIS P. PASCOE, F.L.S., Pres. Ent. Soc.
THE large private collection of Longicornia formed by Mr. Wallace during his researches in the Malayan Archipelago having come into my possession, I have undertaken to describe all the species which it contains. Mr. W. Wilson Saunders, with his usual liberality, has offered to contribute towards the expense of the plates, and the Council of the Society has determined to publish the descriptions in a continuous form, so that the whole may be bound up eventually in one volume.
Until I have thoroughly gone through and described the whole of the collection I can only give an approximate estimate of its extent. There may probably be something less than a thousand species;* upwards of eight hundred of these may be calculated on as being new to science. With so great a number to be dealt
* I use the word "species" to embrace "all individuals having such a mutual resemblance between themselves as leads us to infer a common parentage." This definition certainly does not allow us to distinguish absolutely a variety from a species, but in the absence of positive certainty of the fact, I think it is always as well to treat as a species any marked departure from the ordinary form, until we have some proof of its specific identity.
VOL. III. THIRD SERIES, PART I.—SEPT. 1864. B
with, it will be desirable to make some remarks on the classification, prefacing these, however, with a few words on the geographical distribution of the species and their relations to the same families belonging to the Indian and Australian faunas. Mr. Wallace himself will sum up the results and his views thereon at the conclusion of the work.
Our acquaintance with the Longicornia of the mainland of Asia is very imperfect. India, to judge from our collections, has generally a very meagre insect fauna; but the researches of the late M. Mouhot lead us to believe that a considerable proportion of Malayan Archipelago forms are to be found in Cambodia and Laos, but they probably do not extend in any numbers further north. The Longicornia of Australia are sufficiently well known to enable us to institute a comparison which, in its general results, can only lead us to one opinion, that is, the almost utter dissimilarity between them and those of New Guinea and, à fortiori, of the rest of the Archipelago.* Throughout this work I shall take every opportunity of contrasting the two, and shall not therefore dwell further on the subject at present, except to show, in the following table of ten of the largest genera of the Wallacean collection, the difference between the Malayan and the congeneric species, whenever they occur, of the Australian Longicornia.
Malayan. | Australian. | ||
Sybra | 23 | 1 | |
Astathes | 26 | 0 | |
Callichroma | 29 | 1 | Taken only on one occasion. |
Monochamus | 45 | 5 | 1 widely distributed, 1 doubtful. |
Oberea | 47 | 0 | |
Tmesisternus | 52 | 0 | |
Ropica | 54 | 2 | |
Praonetha | 56 | 1 | |
Clytus | 77 | 6 | 1 doubtful. |
Glenea | 108 | 0 |
* It is held that the western islands of the Malay Archipelago belong to the Indian region, and the eastern to the Australian. Mr. Wallace has asserted that this holds good in every branch of Zoology (Proc. Linn. Soc. 1860, Zool. iv. 172). "Borneo," he says, "is the counterpart of New Guinea," and "the Asiatic and Australian regions finding in Borneo and New Guinea respectively their highest development" (ibid. p. 174). On the whole I have not been struck by any special differences between the western and eastern portions of the Archipelago, so far as the Longicornia are concerned. Tmesisternus, the only exception I know, is apparently confined to the eastern portion, but the sub-family of which it is the type has representatives in Sumatra, Java, Singapore, &c., as well as in New Caledonia, the New Hebrides, New Zealand, Australia, the Fiji and other Pacific Islands. With regard to the Coleoptera generally, my impression is that there is a fair admixture of forms from Singapore to New Guinea, without any remarkable division between them anywhere; but that between the Australian and Malayan regions (including New Guinea) the difference, on the contrary, is really something marvellous.
It is probable that when the species of these genera come to be examined more carefully for description, a slight discrepancy may appear, but this may be more or less as regards numbers, and will not affect our conclusions. On the other hand, it is extremely probable that the number of Australian species belonging to the above genera will be increased.
It is unnecessary to go into the history of the classification of the Longicornia. Dr. Leconte, in the "Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" (1849-51), was the first to put forward a really philosophical arrangement of them, but, unfortunately, his knowledge was almost entirely confined to the species found in North America. M. James Thomson, in his "Essai d'une Classification de la Famille de Cerambycides" (1860), has more fully carried out this system,* and at present this is the only work which treats of the whole of the genera of the Longicorn families.
If we must consider the Coleoptera to be entitled to no higher than ordinal rank, it will tend to simplify the classification if we call the Longicornia a "sub-order." Following Leconte, we shall then have the three families of Lamiidæ, Cerambycidæ and Prionidæ. These I propose to divide into "sub-families." We then come to the genera and species. If, for the sake of convenience, other divisions are required, it seems to me that it will be enough to constitute "sections," which may be numbered, but, to avoid confusion, not named.†
* Some excellent remarks by Mr. Bates on M. Thomson's work will be found in the "Annals and Magazine of Natural History," ser. 3, viii. 41 et seq. Mr. Bates thinks the position of the "Lepturitæ" as a group subordinate to the Cerambycidæ is untenable, but then he considers that the Disteniæ should form a "distinct tribe," and also that the "Pseudolepturitæ" of Thomson "will require probably the institution of one or more distinct tribes."
† The complicated ramifications into tribes, groups, races, cohorts, legions, branches, divisions, series, sections, and these again into sub-tribes, sub-groups, &c. &c., to say nothing of the "stirps" and the "phalanx," whose plurals in English I cannot venture to determine, all more or less employed in systematic works, and their application varying with every author, or even in the works of the same author, are such as to make zoological classification an affair of the most involved and indefinite character. It is frequently very difficult to ascertain what are equivalent groups, when we pass from one order or one author to another; the family of one author, for example, becomes the tribe, or the stirps, or the sub-family, or even the order of another. At one time the tribe precedes the family, generally it is subordinate to it; the same may be said of the stirps, the cohort, and the phalanx, &c. The confusion is sometimes increased by the application of names which are completely deceptive, such as Cuculinæ (a sub-family of cuckoos) to a group of bees, or indefinite names which are used in almost every class, such as "Aquatica" and "Longipedes." The sub-genus is another element of confusion. It would be very difficult to say what is the difference in the value between this and the genus. It often appears to be a sort of compromise put forward only until the author can make up his mind as to its real value, and, perhaps, as more likely to escape criticism in its more humble rank; but it has this inconvenience, that it is tantamount to giving two names, the sub-genus being adopted in one case and the genus in the other, both being sometimes used indifferently by the same author: or the sub-genus is inserted parenthetically, and then we have what amounts to a trinomial nomenclature.
B 2
LAMIIDÆ.
Dr. Leconte, taking various characters into account, considers that the Lamiidæ contain three series of forms; the first, "the typical Lamia series," attains its highest development in Sternotoma, Ceroplesis, Omacantha, and similar genera—to this he appends the "Saperdæ;" the second series is represented by the "Dorcadion form;" and the third by the "Acanthoderes or Ædilis form." But to these he was compelled to add a fourth series, "distinguished from all the others by the imperfection of the anterior acetabula." These four series were then divided into seventeen "groups." M. James Thomson ("Essai," &c.) adopts this arrangement almost entirely, but having far larger materials at his command, he has increased the number of divisions (using this word in a general sense) considerably. We still count seventeen "groupes," but the Dorcadion series containing no "groupe" is represented by two "divisions," a rank subordinate to the "groupe." Of the "groupes" ten stand alone; the remainder embrace eighteen "divisions," and four "sous-groupes." So that taking the "divisions" where there are no "groupes," and the "groupes" where there are no "divisions," and the "sous-groupes" where they occur without the "divisions," we have thirty-four subordinate forms, which we may consider take the place of the Lecontean "groups." There are also two "sous-divisions" in one of the "groupes:" these were probably intended to be "divisions;" if so, then we should have to add one more, which would bring the whole number of "groupes," and what are nearly equivalent to them, up to thirty-five.
Mr. Bates, in the work above quoted, is satisfied with dividing the Lamiidæ into six sub-tribes, remarking, however, that two of them might, perhaps, be further divided, and two
additional sub-tribes instituted. These are the "Hippopsitæ" from the "Oncideritæ," and the "Tapeinitæ" from the "Saperditæ." The two principal things that strike us in this arrangement are, first, that no provision has been made for the Dorcadion forms in any of these sub-tribes,—perhaps, because they do not occur in the Amazonian fauna,—and the second, the placing of the "Compsosomitæ" in the same sub-tribe with the "Desmiphoritæ," a position wholly unaccountable from anything I can gather in the description. Mr. Bates has not, however, overstated the case when he says, that "it is a matter of great difficulty, perhaps impossibility, to find constant characters for the subordinate divisions;" and therefore it must not be expected that systematists will always agree in their disposition of particular forms in a group so confessedly difficult as the Longicornia.
This difficulty arises from the great diversity of forms, and the gradual modifications of even the most important organs in nearly connected species, so that if we were to insist strictly on definitions, we should add almost indefinitely to the genera, and many of these again would have to be raised to the rank of sub-families. It frequently happens that we can only judge of the value of a character when we are able to follow it up into allied forms: an apparently excellent generic diagnosis, drawn from a single isolated species, may break down altogether when there are half-a-dozen to be dealt with; and in the case of higher groups than genera, we shall often find beyond its typical members a tendency only to the character which more than any other affects that particular group, or in other words the character becomes modified, or is lost altogether. In each of the sub-families of the Longicornia, I have noticed that there is generally one preeminent character, and other characters, that elsewhere were of primary importance, then become of secondary, or, perhaps, only of specific value. The absence of humeral angles and, consequently, of wings in the Dorcadion group, for instance, being of this special importance, we find other characters so subordinate as almost to startle us at meeting the most opposite of them in apparently nearly allied species.
In the arrangement of my collection, I have come to the conclusion, that there are at least twenty-four types among the Lamiidæ which can be clearly demonstrated. It is true, that in no case, after we have referred the various genera to their respective types, can any of them be distinguished by any absolute, much less by any series of characters, but by an examination of
each of these, as given in the definitions below, the tendency to gravitate to its proper type will be generally manifest in the combination of two or more of the characters, and the absence of others, in each genus. In cannot be denied, however, that there are a number of forms, which, place them as we may, will always be more or less anomalous members of the group to which they may be referred. And it may be added, that there are many genera whose location will depend in a great degree on the importance which some particular character may be thought to possess, and this importance may be modified at any time by the discovery of intermediate forms, so that we may be led to detect an affinity between genera, where previously we had no suspicions of any. Systematists, perhaps, allow themselves to be too much influenced by aberrant forms, and too readily disposed to regard them as types of distinct groups.
It is not to be supposed that these sub-families naturally follow each other exactly in the order they are placed below, but it will be readily understood that it is impossible to arrange them satisfactorily in a linear series. Saperdinæ, for instance, might follow Niphoninæ, Dorcadioninæ Lamiinæ, &c., but then this would break in upon other affinities of, perhaps, more importance. Tapeininæ is placed at the end because it is the most anomalous of all the sub-families; at the same time the Tmesisterninæ, being the transition group to the Cerambycidæ, might equally well terminate the series of the Lamiidæ. It is not improbable that some of the sub-families may be further divided with advantage—Anisocerus and allied genera from Acrocininæ, for instance;—and it may be doubted if the Lamiinæ can be maintained in their present entirety, but we have none of the former and very few of the latter in this collection.
Sub-families of LAMIIDÆ.
[ACANTHODERINÆ. Scapus brevis, clavatus. Caput infra oculos dilatatum. Coxæ anticæ et intermediæ distantes. Corpus depressum. Acetabula antica sæpe integra. Tarsi antici maribus fimbriati, vel protibiæ elongatæ. Elytra trigona.]
[ACROCININÆ. Scapus aliquando elongatus, clavatus. Oculi sæpe frontales. Acetabula antica angulata. Caput infra oculos dilatatum. Corpus depressum. Pedes antici maribus sæpe elongati. Elytra oblonga.]
ACANTHOCININÆ. Caput antice breve, vel transversum. Scapus elongatus, haud clavatus. Tarsi postici elongati. Femora clavata. Antennæ graciles.
[COLOBOTHEINÆ. Acetabula antica integra. Scapus elongatus, cylindricus. Prothorax inermis. Tibiæ intermediæ sæpissime emarginatæ. Corpus haud depresssum. Femora clavata. Elytra apice spinoso-truncata.]
EXOCENTRINÆ. Coxæ anticæ exsertæ, majusculæ. Corpus depressum, plerumque setosum. Caput antice transversum. Tibiæ intermediæ emarginatæ. Antennæ modice elongatæ vel breviusculæ, sæpe pilosæ. Pedes mediocres. Elytra basi aliquando cristata. Prothorax lateribus sæpissime spinosus. Acetabula antica integra vel angulata.
NIPHONINÆ. Tarsi articulo ultimo elongato. Scapus brevis clavatus. Prothorax antice generaliter bidentatus. Oculi fere divisi. Caput antice breviter ovatum vel quadratum. Corpus haud depressum. Coxæ anticæ aliquando spinosæ. Prosternum elevatum. Elytra basi sæpe cristata. Labrum et epistomum elongata.
MESOSINÆ. Scapus elongatus, cylindricus, apice productus et cicatricosus. Prothorax lateribus muticus. Tarsi breves, angusti, raro dilatati. Pedes modice elongati. Tibiæ intermediæ vel integræ vel emarginatæ. Coxæ anticæ semper inermes. Caput antice quadratum. Antennæ sæpe plus minusve pilosæ.
APOMECYNINÆ. Pedes breves. Antennarum articuli apicales sæpissime abbreviati, scapo generaliter tumidulo, rarius modice elongato. Corpus plerumque elongatum, sæpe fusiforme. Prothorax inermis, rarissime lateraliter spinosus.
DORCADIONINÆ. Elytra humeris rotundata, vel obsoleta. Alæ defectæ. Corpus ovatum, glabrum, vel tuberculatum, vel pilosum, vel squamatum. Scapus clavatus, vel plus minusve elongatus.
[COMPSOSOMINÆ. Elytra trigona, humeris apice refracta. Scapus pyriformis. Caput vertice elevatum, infra oculos haud dilatatum. Coxæ intermediæ approximatæ. Corpus sæpe armatum. Tibiæ intermediæ aliquando emarginatæ.]
HYPSELOMINÆ. Antennæ basi subcontiguæ. Prothorax lateraliter tuberculatus, raro muticus. Elytra sæpe trigona, basi cristata. Caput antice elongato-quadratum. Femora clavata vel simplicia. Tibiæ intermediæ emarginatæ.
LAMIINÆ. Caput majusculum, vertice elevatum. Pectus antice brevissimum. Femora simplicia. Pedes robusti breviusculi. Scapus validus, apice rotundatus vel rarius cicatricosus. Prothorax lateraliter armatus. Mesosternum elevatum. Mandibulæ magnæ.
MONOCHAMINÆ. Caput exsertum. Pectus antice plus minusve elongatum. Antennæ approximatæ. Scapus elongatus, cylindricus, apice cicatricosus. Prothorax lateraliter armatus. Pedes elongati, femoribus simplicibus. Mesosternum declivum.
GNOMINÆ. Prothorax elongatus, lateraliter inermis. Pedes longissimi, tarsis anticis maribus sæpe dilatatis, vel appendiculatis. Antennæ elongatæ, scapo breviusculo. Tibiæ intermediæ emarginatæ.
ONOCEPHALINÆ. Caput vertice angustum, infra oculos elongatum. Coxæ anticæ et intermediæ approximatæ. Antennæ sæpissime pilosæ. Oculi parvi. Pedes modice elongati. Prothorax inermis. Elytra cuneiformia. Ungues simplices, rarissime appendiculati.
HIPPOPSINÆ. Caput vertice productum, facie sæpe horizontale. Pedes brevissimi. Coxæ anticæ et intermediæ distantes. Oculi antennarum basi remoti, aliquando divisi, aliquando rotundati. Corpus lineare, vel elongatum. Antennæ contiguæ, setaceæ vel filiformes, raro infra pilosæ.
[AGAPANTHIINÆ. Antennæ duodecim-articulatæ. Abdomen segmentis fere æqualibus. Prothorax inermis. Corpus elongatum. Tibiæ intermediæ haud emarginatæ. Ungues simplices.]
SAPERDINÆ. Tibiæ intermediæ haud emarginatæ. Prothorax inermis. Femora haud clavata. Prosternum depressum. Coxæ anticæ et intermediæ distantes.
ASTATHEINÆ. Oculi divisi. Ungues appendiculati vel bifidi, rarius simplices. Abdomen aliquando segmentis subæqualibus. Prothorax medio gibbosus, lateraliter tuberculatus. Mesosternum sæpe metasterno occlusum. Coxæ anticæ eductæ, subconicæ et contiguæ, vel inclusæ, globosæ et distantes.
OBEREINÆ. Ungues appendiculati. Abdomen elongatum, segmentis æqualibus. Pedes perbreves. Corpus lineare. Coxæ anticæ eductæ.
[PHYTœCIINÆ. Ungues appendiculati vel bifidi. Abdomen breviusculum, segmentis subæqualibus. Pedes mediocres. Corpus subcylindricum. Coxæ anticæ eductæ.]
AMPHIONYCHINÆ. Abdomen breviusculum, segmentis inæqualibus. Ungues bifidi, rarius simplices. Mandibulæ apice bidentatæ, vel integræ. Elytra sæpe lateraliter deflexa, et aliquando carinata. Coxæ anticæ eductæ. Antennæ sæpe pilosæ.
TMESISTERNINÆ. Coxæ anticæ lateraliter insertæ. Caput porrectum vel verticale. Tibiæ anticæ sulcatæ vel integræ.
Prothorax aliquando lateribus marginatus. Palpi acuti, rarissime truncati. Coxæ anticæ et intermediæ haud contiguæ. Prosternum sæpius pectore haud distinctum.
[TAPEININÆ. Caput in maribus transversum. Antennis oculis remote insertis. Oculi divisi, in feminis profunde emarginati. Coxæ anticæ valde remotæ. Corpus deplanatum.]
NOTE.—Those sub-families which do not occur in the Wallacean Collection are bracketed.
ACANTHOCININÆ.
The well-known Acanthocinus ædilis and Leiopus nebulosus afford good examples of the more usual forms of this sub-family, which finds its greatest development in the tropical regions of the new world. The Acanthocininæ are distinguished from both Acanthoderinæ and Colobotheinæ (neither of which have exponents in this collection) by the short, often transverse, face; from the former also by the slender tarsi and antennæ, the elongate scape, and less robust body; and from the latter by the body more or less depressed, the prothorax toothed or angulated at the side, as well as by the scape and tarsi, which do not, however, afford quite so marked a contrast as they do with the Acanthoderinæ. Besides these characters, the Acanthocininæ have generally long and setaceous antennæ, arising from two diverging tubers, which have an impressed line between them, and the second joint is almost invariably two or three times longer than broad, never transverse; the eyes are reniform, often occupying a considerable portion of the head; the mandibles are feeble, and, when closed, generally pretty well covered by the lip; the elytra are frequently truncate or spinous at the apex; the anterior acetabula are entire, or only slightly angulated; the anterior and intermediate coxæ are globose and approximate at the base, with the pro- and meso-sterna simple and declivous; the femora are clavate; the fore-legs are never elongate in the males, although the posterior are occasionally, and their tarsi are scarcely dilated and never fringed; the claw-joint varies in size, generally, however, small; the three intermediate segments of the abdomen are always the shortest; the colour is mostly ashy or greyish varied with brown, and there are often setose hairs scattered among the pubescence. Many of the females have lengthened ovipositors.
Fourteen genera are in the collection, most of them very distinct; none of them, so far as I am aware, occur either on the mainland of Asia or in Australia.
Genera.
Basal joint of the posterior tarsi elongate and filiform. | |
Scape reaching to the base of the elytra | Acanista, n. g. |
Scape not reaching to the base of the elytra. | |
Scape more or less cylindrical or fusiform. | |
Prothorax even. | |
Body depressed | Driopea, Pasc. |
Body not depressed | Chydæopsis, n.g. |
Prothorax uneven. | |
Prothorax alike in both sexes, the sides rounded | Polimeta, n. g. |
Prothorax elongate in the male, the sides angulated | Ostedes, Pasc. |
Scape constricted beyond the middle, thickened at the apex | Eoporis, n. g. |
Basal joint of the posterior tarsi shorter and triangular. | |
Antennary tubers distant at the base. | |
Anterior tarsi dilated | Pithomictus, n.g. |
Anterior tarsi not dilated. | |
Antennæ rarely twice as long as the body. | |
Basal joint of the posterior tarsi longer than the two next together | Opsioleus, n. g. |
Basal joint of the posterior tarsi shorter than the two next together. | |
Disc even. | |
Prothorax oblong | Mynonebra, n. g. |
Prothorax transverse | Clodia, n. g. |
Disc tuberculate or uneven. | |
Prothorax subquadrate | Olmotega, n. g. |
Prothorax transverse | Phyxium, n. g. |
Antennæ three times as long as the body | Acalolepta, Pasc. |
Antennary tubers approximate at the base | Æschopalæa, n.g. |
ACANISTA.
Caput antice quadratum, tuberibus antenniferis contiguis. Antennæ longissimæ, scapo elongato-pyriforme apicem versus constricto, articulo secundo brevissimo, cæteris elongatis, subæqualibus. Prothorax transversus, irregularis, utrinque acute angulato-spinosus. Elytra irregularia, spinulosa, sub-depressa, fere parallela, apice truncato-emarginata, spinosa. Pedes subelongati, femoribus valde clavatis.
This genus seems to be somewhat intermediate between Acan-
thocinus and Alphus, distinguished from the former (inter alia) by the absence of the lengthened ovipositor in the female, and from the latter in the greater length of the scape: in habit it is very distinct.
Acanista Alphoides. (Pl. I. fig. 3.)
A leviter grisescente-pubescens, albo-varia; antennis obscure annulatis.
Hab.—Mysol.
Thinly pubescent, dark greyish shading into white on each side of the prothorax and on the posterior half of the elytra, where also there is a pure white mark bent at an acute angle on each side towards the apex. Head narrower than the prothorax, slightly dilated below the eyes, the lip and epistome narrow; prothorax transverse, strongly spined at the sides, the anterior and posterior borders of equal breadth; scutellum rounded behind; elytra broader than the prothorax, depressed in the middle or somewhat concave, coarsely punctured, a line of small spines near the suture and several smaller ones at the shoulder, one also rather larger than the rest between the shoulder and scutellum, the apex truncate at the suture, then broadly emarginate externally, and ending in a long acute spine; body beneath with a pale greyish pubescence; legs obscurely annulated with greyish and white; antennæ about three and a half times as long as the body, the third and fourth joints with a very small spine at the apex.
Length 7 lines.
DRIOPEA.
Driopea, Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 243.
Caput antice subquadratum, fronte convexo. Antennæ elongatæ, ciliatæ, scapo subcylindrico, articulo secundo brevi, cæteris subæqualibus. Prothorax lævis, subrotundatus, dente minuto laterali instructus, aliquando muticus. Elytra elongato-ovata, regularia, apice truncata vel emarginata. Pedes postici elongati, femoribus vix clavatis; tarsorum intermediorum et posticorum articulus basalis elongatus.
Of the more generally known genera of this sub-family, this genus is, perhaps, most nearly allied to Leiopus, but from which it is distinguished by its elongate posterior legs, truncate elytra, prothorax, and other characters. In coloration it resembles, like many more Indian genera, some of the species of Clytus.
Driopea Clytina.
Pascoe, l. c., p. 244; pl. xxv. fig. 2.
D. cinereo-pubescens, nigro-notata; prothorace utrinque dentato, cinereo; elytris subtrigonatis.
Hab.—Singapore.
Pubescence ashy, with patches of black; prothorax uniformly ashy; elytra with a black patch at the base extending more than half-way down the suture, the lower part expanding into a band directly across them, shoulder black, a triangular patch of the same colour on each side towards the apex. Head narrower than the prothorax, which is broader posteriorly, rounded at the sides, the tooth small but very decided; scutellum transverse, rounded behind; elytra broadest at the base, tapering very gradually to the apex, its outer angle spinous, the disc with several erect black setæ, the punctures hidden by the pubescence; body beneath, legs and antennæ with a fine greyish pile; antennæ about twice as long as the body.
Length 3½ lines.
Driopea inermis.
D. cinereo-pubescens, nigro-notata; prothorace mutico, disco nigro-biplagiato; elytris subangustatis.
Hab.—Dorey, Saylee, Waigiou, Morty, Batchian.
Pubescent, ashy with black patches; prothorax ashy, with two oblong patches on the disc; elytra with a semicircular patch at the base, an oblique patch on each side not meeting at the suture; directly below the middle a broad band, behind this and equidistant from the apex and close to the outer margin a smaller patch. Head scarcely narrower than the prothorax, which is very little broader behind and without a tooth at the side; scutellum not transverse, rounded behind; elytra oblong, rather narrow, with several rows of depressed black setæ, outer angle of the apex not spinous; body beneath, legs and antennæ dull fulvous, with obscure brownish patches and a thin greyish pubescence; antennæ about twice and a half as long as the body.
Length 3 ½ lines.
This species in some respects approaches Chydæopsis, but the more depressed body, style of coloration and form of the protibiæ are more characteristic of Driopea. The amount of black varies; on the upper portion of the elytra the patches are sometimes more or less confluent.
CHYDÆOPSIS.
Caput antice subquadratum, convexum. Antennæ elongatæ, vix ciliatæ, scapo subcylindrico, articulo 3° multo longiore, sequentibus attenuatis, fere æqualibus. Prothorax oblongus, regularis, lateribus vix rotundatis, muticis. Elytra angustata, gradatim attenuata, regularia, apice oblique truncata. Pedes intermedii et postici subelongati, tibiæ anticæ curvatæ; tarsorum intermediorum et posticorum articulus basalis valde elongatus.
Differs from Driopea in its narrower prothorax, not toothed at the side, in its body rather compressed than depressed, and in its shorter and curved protibiæ.
Chydæopsis fragilis. (Pl. I. fig. 1.)
C. cinerascente-pubescens, maculis elongatis fuscis; antennis pedibusque infuscatis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Pubescence ashy grey, with two brown stripes on the disc of the prothorax, and a few oblong spots on the elytra, leaving, however, a band of ashy posteriorly, followed by another band of brown, the apex ashy. Eyes moderately large and prominent; head and prothorax nearly equal in breadth, the sides of the latter nearly parallel or only very slightly rounded; scutellum scutiform; elytra broadest at the base, much wider than the prothorax, with several lines of large coarse punctures; body beneath covered with a fine greyish pile; antennæ and legs brownish, distal half of the posterior and intermediate tibiæ ciliated; antennæ nearly three times as long as the body.
Length 3½ lines. "Taken on foliage."
POLIMETA.
Caput antice quadratum, convexum. Antennæ corpore longiores, ciliatæ, scapo subbreve, subfusiforme, articulo 3° longiore, 4—6 subæqualibus, sequentibus gradatim decrescentibus. Prothorax in utroque sexu vix elongatus, regularis, lateribus rotundatis, muticis. Elytra angustata, basi fere regularia, apice oblique truncata. Pedes postici subelongati, femoribus haud clavatis, tarsis intermediis et posticis articulo basali elongato.
The type of this genus is nearly allied to Ostedes, to which I had formerly referred it. The form of the prothorax, however, is so different as to necessitate its separation as a distinct group.
Polimeta spinosula. (Pl. I. fig. 4.)
Ostedes spinosula, Pascoe, Journ. of Entom. i. 62.
P. grisescens, fusco-variegata; elytris basin versus spinosis, spina incurva.
Hab.—Batchian, Amboyna, Morty, Dorey.
Finely pubescent, greyish varied with brown, the two principal patches of this colour being on the sides of the elytra. Head somewhat wider than the anterior margin of the prothorax, the latter a little longer than wide, with two nearly obsolete tubercles in front, anteriorly and posteriorly transversely sulcated; scutellum rounded behind; elytra narrow, the basal half sparingly punctured, a prominent, strongly-recurved spine on each towards but at some distance from the base, a few minute spines also at the base and sides; legs dark brown, more or less of the femora and basal half of the tibiæ reddish; body beneath reddish-brown; antennæ more than half as long again as the body, reddish varied with brown.
Length 4 lines.
A specimen from Ceram, much larger than the others, has also a somewhat broader prothorax. It may possibly be distinct.
Polimeta simplex.
P. grisescens, fusco-variegata; elytris muticis.
Hab.—Batchian, Ceram, Gilolo, Morty, Bouru, Dorey, Saylee.
Closely resembles the last, but there is no spine on the elytra, which are also less attenuated towards the apex, the sides, in other words, being more parallel; the scutellum is slightly pointed, and the anterior border of the prothorax is less strongly sulcated.
Length 3½ lines.
OSTEDES.
Ostedes, Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc., ser. 2, v. 43.
Caput exsertum, antice transversum, tuberibus antenniferis basi contiguis. Antennæ corpore longiores, ciliatæ, scapo subfusiformi, articulo secundo breve, 3° 4°que æqualibus, cæteris gradatim decrescentibus. Oculi prominuli, supra subapproximati. Prothorax maribus elongatus, feminis multo brevior, irregularis, utrinque fortiter angulatus. Elytra angustata, basi cristata et latiora, apice oblique truncata. Pedes postici subelongati, femoribus subclavatis.
This genus has not a very obvious affinity with any of the Acanthocininæ except the last, but the long basal joint of the
posterior and intermediate tarsi, and the nearly entire anterior acetabula, have determined me to refer it to this sub-family.
Ostedes pauperata.
Pascoe, l. c., p. 44; pl. ii. fig. 1.
O. cana vel grisea, fusco-notata vel maculata; antennis pedibusque annulatis.
Hab.—Sarawak, Macassar, Batchian, Morty, Bouru, Amboyna, Aru, Dorey.
Finely pubescent, with a few scattered setæ, especially between the eyes, pale ashy or greyish with patches of brown, sometimes with a few spots only. Head broader than the anterior border of the prothorax, slightly exserted; eyes rather large, prominent, sub-approximate on the vertex; prothorax of the male nearly twice as long as broad, with a very prominent angle rather beyond the middle, the disc with four spreading tubercles; scutellum rounded behind; elytra irregularly punctured, gradually diminishing from the shoulder to the apex, the base with a short mesial crest, tipped with a few setæ, the largest patches, when they occur, at the side behind the middle; body beneath brown, with a greyish pile; antennæ and legs ringed with greyish and brown, the former in both sexes about a third as long again as the body.
Length 6 lines.
The varieties of this species, as might be expected from its extended range, are numerous, but they are all too trifling for description, differing principally in the amount of coloration. Those from Morty are the darkest. The female has the prothorax scarcely longer than broad, and the angle is nearly in the middle.
EOPORIS.
Caput antice transversum, apice emarginatum, tuberibus antenniferis basi approximatis. Antennæ elongatæ, subciliatæ, scapo apicem versus constricto, articulo secundo brevissimo, tertio longiore, cæteris gradatim decrescentibus. Oculi prominuli. Prothorax sub-oblongus, vix irregularis, lateribus inermis. Elytra angustata, regularia, basi latiora, apice oblique truncata. Pedes elongati, femora clavata, basi attenuata, tarsorum intermediorum et posticorum articulo basali longissimo, articulo ultimo parvo.
A very distinct genus, remarkable for the broadly emarginated border of that part of the face just above the epistome. The form of the scape is also peculiar.
Eoporis elegans. (Pl. I. fig. 6.)
E. tenuiter pubescens, cervina, brunneo-variegata; antennis, tibiis, tarsisque testaceis.
Hab.—Singapore, Sarawak, Batchian, Macassar, Ceram, Dorey.
Thinly pubescent, pale cervine, very distinctly varied with fulvous brown, forming at the base and middle of the elytra two somewhat reticulated bands. Head slightly broader than the prothorax, rather narrower below the eyes, emarginate at the apex, the epistome and lip very short; prothorax somewhat oblong, slightly rounded at the sides; elytra gradually tapering from the base to the apex, but the sides very slightly rounded; femora strongly clavate, fulvous brown, their bases, tibiæ, tarsi and antennæ testaceous, the latter about three times as long as the body.
Length 5 lines.
PITHOMICTUS.
Caput antice rotundatum, linea impressa inter oculos obsoleta, tuberibus antenniferis approximatis. Oculi haud prominentes. Antennæ corpore parum longiores, scapo elongato, cylindrico, articulo tertio scapo fere æquali, cæteris gradatim brevioribus. Prothorax vix subtransversus, æquatus, lateribus rotundatus, spinosus. Elytra oblonga, apice truncata, extus spinosa. Pedes mediocres, femora modice clavata, tibiæ subattenuatæ; tarsi antici dilatati. Corpus paulo convexum.
There is no genus that approximates to this in the present collection. The Brazilian Probatius has much the same general outline and habit, but differs in the femora, tibiæ, and particularly in the tarsi, and in the antennæ. The coloration is much in the style of some of the Clyti.
Pithomictus decoratus. (Pl. II. fig. 1.)
P. prothorace pube aureo-grisea vestito; elytris nigris, basi, apice, et lineis duabus, suturam versus conjunctis, ante medium, griseis.
Hab.—Morty.
Head covered with a coarse grey tomentum, the front convex and rounded, the cheeks showing behind the eyes, no impressed line between the antennæ, but the antennary tubers well marked; eyes dark brown; prothorax convex, closely covered with a greyish pile tinged with yellow, scarcely so long as broad, rounded at the sides, with a small but well-marked spine placed a little behind the middle; scutellum nearly quadrate, a little broader
anteriorly; elytra very slightly rounded at the sides, seriate-punctate, the punctures small and distant, the apex truncate, terminating externally in a spine, black; the base with an ashy, broadly triangular band or blotch, which, however, is rounded at the point; behind this, but before the middle, two also ashy lines, the upper oblique, the lower transverse, which meeting near the suture dip down and become continuous with the other side, the whole of the apical region yellowish-grey, the division of colours between these markings very distinct and decided; body beneath black; legs and antennæ black, with a slight ashy pile.
Length 3 ¼ lines.
OPSIOLEUS.
Caput antice quadratum. Oculi supra subapproximati. Antennæ elongatæ, ciliatæ, scapo modice elongato, subfusiforme, articulis 3° 4°que longioribus, cæteris gradatim decrescentibus. Prothorax transversus, regularis; lateribus rotundatis, inermibus. Elytra oblonga, regularia, apice extus spinosa. Femora haud clavata, tibiæ elongatæ, tarsi breves.
Differs from Amniscus, Bates, to which it is allied, in its more slender femora and shorter scape, &c. It is a very obscure looking insect.
Opsioleus adversus. (Pl. II. fig. 7.)
O. griseo-cinereus, pubescens, maculis fuscis dispersis; antennis pedibusque fulvis, pube cinerea vestitis.
Hab.—Malacca.
Covered with a coarse greyish adpressed pile, interspersed with a few stiff black hairs, and faintly spotted, except on the elytra where the spots are much darker, with brown. Head rather narrower than the prothorax, which is considerably contracted anteriorly; scutellum transverse, rounded behind; elytra broader than the prothorax, the sides rounded, the broadest part at about the middle, not very narrow at the apex; the disc with scattered, large, shallow punctures; body beneath, antennæ and legs pale fulvous, with a thin greyish pile; antennæ about two-thirds as long again as the body.
Length 4 ½ lines.
MYNONEBRA.
Caput exsertum, subangustatum. Oculi majusculi. Antennæ validæ, ciliatæ, vix subelongatæ, scapo breviter fusiforme,
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articulo tertio elongato, sequentibus gradatim decrescentibus. Prothorax subquadratus, lateribus leviter rotundatis, pone medium spina brevi sed valida instructus. Elytra oblonga, apice vel rotundata vel truncata. Femora modice clavata; tarsi omnes articulis tribus basalibus simul triangularibus. Corpus pilosum.
From Ægocidnus this genus differs in its narrower head, stouter antennæ, and shortly fusiform scape; it is also a more robust form. Clodia has a sub-basal thoracic spine, and the head more deeply inserted in the thorax. The species, five in a number, are very homogeneous; their colour varies from light to dark brown, and is modified by a greyish pubescence, mixed with short, scattered erect hairs; the elytra sprinkled or spotted with white or ashy, and in all the head, prothorax, and elytra are strongly punctured; on the latter the punctures are arranged in irregular lines. The apex of the elytra is either rounded or truncate, but in this respect there is a certain gradation between the species.
Mynonebra diversa. (Pl. I. fig. 7.)
M. capite prothoraceque infuscatis; elytris brunneis, fere obsolete cinereo-maculatis, singulis plaga alba postica, apice rotundatis.
Hab.—Waigiou.
Head and prothorax light smoky brown, deeply and strongly punctured; mandibles black; palpi testaceous; elytra reddish-brown, slightly nitid, the central portion with a few scarcely perceptible ashy spots, while posteriorly there is a large well-marked white patch on each, and behind these patches they are mottled with greyish, apex rounded; body beneath dark luteous, subnitid, legs and antennæ luteous, the latter half as long again as the body.
Length 4 lines.
Mynonebra sparsuta.
M. capite prothoraceque brunnescentibus; elytris fuscis, maculis albis dispersis, singulisque plagis duabus, una præmedia, altera postica, apice rotundatis.
Hab.—Waigiou.
Head and prothorax dull reddish-brown, strongly punctured; mandibles and palpi testaceous, the former brown at their tips; scutellum transversely quadrate; elytra dark brown, nitid, sprinkled with whitish spots, a large white patch at the side just before the middle, and another at some distance behind it, also at
the side; the apex rounded; body beneath covered with a close greyish pubescence; legs and antennæ luteous, the scape dark brown; antennæ a little longer than the body.
Length 3½ lines.
Mynonebra villica.
M. griseo-brunnea; elytris singulis plagis duabus dilutioribus fere obsoletis, apice rotundatis.
Hab.—Mysol.
Dull greyish-brown; head and prothorax strongly punctured; mandibles luteous, darker externally; palpi testaceous; scutellum transversely triangular; each elytron with two almost imperceptible spots, one lateral and præmedian, the other between the middle and apex, which is rounded; body beneath chesnut-brown, subnitid; legs greyish-brown; antennæ luteous, a little longer than the body.
Length 4½ lines.
Mynonebra consputa.
M. fusca; elytris maculis cinerascentibus obscure dispersis, apice fere truncatis.
Hab.—Batchian, Gilolo.
Dull brown; head and prothorax covered with a grey pubescence, the former moderately, the latter very coarsely punctured; mandibles pitchy; palpi testaceous; scutellum triangular; elytra obscurely mottled with ashy, principally a little before the middle and the posterior third, the apex shortly truncate, with the exterior angle very slightly produced; body beneath dark pitchy; legs and antennæ brownish luteous, the latter scarcely half as long again as the body.
Length 4—4½ lines.
Mynonebra angulata.
M. fusca; elytris maculis albis dispersis, singulisque plagis duabus albis, una præmedia, altera postica, apice truncatis, extus angulatis.
Hab.—Morty.
Dark brown; the head and prothorax strongly punctured and covered with a grey pubescence; mandibles pitchy; palpi testaceous; scutellum with the apex truncate, covered with a grey tomentum; elytra speckled with white, a large præmedian lateral patch, and the apical third more closely spotted, the anterior portion of the latter also forming a patch, the apex truncate
C 2
with its external angle strongly marked; body beneath black with a thin grey pubescence; legs and antennæ brownish-luteous, the latter longer than the body.
Length 4½ lines.
CLODIA.
Caput fronte quadrato. Oculi antice distantes, supra subapproximati. Antennæ graciles, ciliatæ, basi valde remotæ, scapo breviter fusiforme, articulo tertio elongato, cæteris gradatim brevioribus. Prothorax brevis, spina subbasali instructus. Elytra oblonga, apice integra. Femora modice clavata. Tarsi breves, articulis tribus basalibus simul subtriangularibus.
This genus is distinguished from Mynonebra principally by its short prothorax, the more basal position of the lateral spine of the prothorax, and its more slender antennæ, and from Ægocidnus by its shorter and thicker scape, as well as by its more robust proportions.
Clodia sublineata. (Pl. I. fig. 8.)
C. luteo-brunnea, parce cinereo-pubescens; elytris lineis duabus subelevatis.
Hab.—Batchian.
Luteous brown, with a thin ashy pubescence; head narrower than the prothorax, but rather broad and a little convex in front, the eyes somewhat approximate above; prothorax slightly transverse, its surface regularly convex and strongly punctured, the spine short and triangular; scutellum transverse, rounded behind; elytra subseriate-punctate, gradually narrowing from the base, each with two very slightly raised longitudinal lines, the portion behind the middle somewhat raised towards the side, and sometimes abraded so as to show a patch of the derm; body beneath luteous, the last abdominal segment brown; legs and antennæ luteous, covered with a sparse pubescence, the latter about two-thirds longer than the body.
Length 4 lines.
OLMOTEGA.
Caput exsertum, fronte subquadrato. Oculi antice distantes. Antennæ setaceæ, ciliatæ, modice elongatæ, scapo subelongato, cylindrico; articulo tertio multo longiore, quarto breviore, cæteris gradatim decrescentibus. Prothorax sub-rotundatus, spina laterali minuta pone medium, disco
bituberculato. Elytra oblonga, interruptè carinata, apice truncata. Femora modice clavata. Tarsi postici et intermedii æquales, subelongati, articulis tribus ultimis simul triangularibus.
A very distinct genus, distinguished from the rest of its sub-family, in the present collection by the bituberculate disc of the prothorax, and by the rough and interrupted ridges of the elytra.
Olmotega cinerascens. (Pl. I. fig. 5.)
O. tenuiter cinerascente - pubescens; tibiis infra tarsisque nigris.
Hab.—Kaioa.
Covered with a thin ashy pubescence; head coarsely punctured in front, the vertex slightly rising behind; prothorax broader than the head, with a somewhat rounded outline, coarsely punctured, the two discal tubercles nearly in the middle, the lateral spine very small, but distinct; scutellum rounded behind; elytra irregularly seriate-punctate, three interrupted ridges on each, the inner raised into a tritubercular crest at the base, re-appearing behind the middle, the second commencing at the shoulder, terminating gradually at about the middle, the outer at the side, more produced towards the apex; body beneath dull ashy; legs ashy, the tips of the tibiæ and the tarsi black; antennæ about a third longer than the body, luteous, with a thin ashy pile, the distal joints darker at the tips.
Length 4 lines.
PHYXIUM.
Caput parvum, vertice elevatum, tuberibus antenniferis robustis. Oculi majusculi, in vertice subapproximati. Antennæ setaceæ, vix ciliatæ; scapo subelongato; articulo tertio longiore, cæteris gradatim decrescentibus. Prothorax transversus, lateribus basin versus fortiter spinosus. Elytra lata, pone humeros constricta, lateribus angulata vel subito deflexa, basi carinata, apice rotundata. Femora brevia, fortiter clavata. Tarsi antici articulis transversis, intermedii et postici (ultimo excepto) subæquales. Prosternum triangulare, postice subelevatum.
This is a remarkable genus, resembling the Brazilian Onychocerus in outline. In the irregular surface of the prothorax and elytra it approaches Olmotega, but is otherwise very distinct. There are three well-marked species; in these the pubescence is
somewhat scaly, and the punctures on the elytra are large, and have at the base a little compact circle of scales, which gives a ringed appearance to each puncture.
Phyxium bufonium. (Pl. II. fig. 3.)
P. griseo-album, punctis fuscis præsertim prothorace dispersum; prothoracis disco bituberculato; antennis annulatis.
Hab.—Batchian.
A pale honey-yellow derm, covered, especially on the elytra, with very small, white, not very closely set, scales. Head much narrower than the prothorax, even at the apex, the vertex considerably raised above the eyes; prothorax twice as broad as long, the disc between the tubercles with coarse, closely-set punctures, which are pitchy-brown internally, giving that part of the prothorax a much darker appearance than the sides, which are more densely pubescent; scutellum dark brown, very transverse, and contracted at the base; elytra very much broader than the prothorax, especially at the base, coarsely punctured in somewhat irregular lines, the basal ridge very short, dark brown, behind this two oblique slightly elevated stripes of the same colour, one in the middle, the other towards the apex, the side bent down at a right angle, forming, from the shoulder to near half the length of the elytra, a sharp well-defined ridge; posterior margin and apex fringed with longish, curved, white hairs; body beneath and legs covered with a greyish pile, the tibiæ also fringed with long hairs; antennæ half as long again as the body, very pale, the apex of the third joint, and of all the succeeding, dark brown, the last four or five becoming gradually entirely brown, except at the base.
Length 3 lines.
Phyxium scorpioides.
P. fuscum, elytris dilutioribus; prothorace utrinque griseo; antennis luteo-fuscis.
Hab.—Aru.
Dark brown, mixed with a little grey on the elytra; front of the head, and especially the sides of the prothorax, more strongly marked with the same colour. Head much narrower than the prothorax, the latter nearly twice as broad as long, the disc with two large but not very elevated tubercles, the sides considerably contracted at the base behind the spine, which is short and toothlike; scutellum scutiform; elytra much broader than the prothorax,
sharply ridged at the base, with two or three slighter ridges on the same line, the side bent down but not angulated except at the shoulder, the margins towards the apex fringed with stiff hairs; body beneath brown, with scattered greyish hairs; legs with longish grey hairs; antennæ luteous brown, with greyish hairs.
Length 3½ lines.
Phyxium ignarum.
P. grisescente-fuscum; prothorace toto griseo-pubescente; antennis brunneis, articulorum apicem versus gradatim infuscatis.
Hab.—Mysol.
Much narrower in proportion than the last, dark reddish-brown with a very thin greyish pile. Head small, considerably narrower than the prothorax, which is nearly twice as broad as long, both closely, and the latter also coarsely punctured, with the greyish pile pretty equally distributed over the surface; elytra scarcely dilated posteriorly, as in the two preceding species, with very coarse punctures arranged in irregular rows, the ridge at the base very slightly elevated and extending to about the middle of the elytron, the side scarcely angulated, but the interval between the two rows of punctures at that part somewhat raised; body beneath pitchy-brown, with a scattered pile principally on the breast; legs reddish-brown, covered with a greyish pile; antennæ pale reddish-brown, the apex of the third joint and all the succeeding joints becoming more and more tinted with dark brown.
Length 2¼ lines.
ACALOLEPTA.
Acalolepta, Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc., ser. 2, iv. 247.
Caput exsertum, antice quadratum. Oculi parvi, in vertice non visi. Antennæ nudæ, longissimæ, basi distantes; scapo brevi, subcylindrico; articulo tertio duplo longiore, sequentibus, ultimo excepto, gradatim decrescentibus, ultimo elongato. Prothorax quadratus, utrinque dentatus. Elytra subangusta, apice rotundata. Femora modice clavata; tarsi omnes æquales, articulis tribus basalibus simul subtriangularibus.
The only species of this genus has the aspect of a small Monochamus. The antennæ, however, distant at the base, the short scape and clavate femora, among other characters, separate it from that group. The equal or nearly equal length of all the tarsi, and the peculiar form of the eye, will, one or the other, distinguish it from the other genera of this sub-family. The anterior acetabula are angulated externally.
Acalolepta pusio.
Pascoe, l. c., pl. xxv. fig. 4.
A. parce pubescens, obscure brunnea; antennis pedibusque dilutioribus, illis articulis apice infuscatis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Pale brown, with a sparse greyish pubescence, combining to give the surface a dull brownish tint. Prothorax scarcely broader than the head, rather closely punctured, the small tooth-like spine behind the middle; scutellum rounded behind; elytra coarsely punctured, the punctures in irregular rather distant lines; body beneath with a thin greyish pubescence; legs and antennæ paler, the latter three times as long as the body, the tips of the latter more or less darker, except the last, which is only dark at the base.
Length 3 lines.
ÆSCHOPALÆA.
Caput exsertum. Oculi lobo superiore obsoleto. Antennæ elongatæ, subciliatæ, basi approximatæ; scapo brevi, subpyriforme; articulis tertio ad decimum subæqualibus, ultimo cæteris longiore. Prothorax oblongus, vel suboblongus, lateribus angulatus. Elytra subangusta, apice rotundata. Femora clavata, tibiæ anticæ curvatæ, tarsi subbreves, articulo primo secundo æquali.
In the habit, approximate or subapproximate antennæ, and the greater length of the terminal joint, this genus resembles Monochamus, Serv., but the clavate femora and short subpyriform scape exclude it from any connexion with that group. In the character of the terminal joint of the antennæ and in habit Æschopalæa agrees with Acalolepta. The eyes in both are remarkable; the upper lobe terminates behind the antennary tuber and not above it, so that when these organs are thrown back nothing of the eyes is seen on the vertex. The scape is pyriform, but owing to a greater contraction on the upper side it has a sort of oblique appearance. The head, including the eyes, is rather roundish in front, but a little pinched up below the tubers, and is about as broad as the prothorax; this latter organ is considerably narrower than the elytra in all except Æ. laticollis.
Æschopalæa agraria. (Pl. I. fig. 2.)
Æ. grisescente-brunnea, elytrorum apicem versus pallidior; prothorace magis longiore quam latiore; elytris ab humeris gradatim angustioribus.
Hab.—Ceram.
Reddish-brown, gradually becoming paler from the base to the
apex of the elytra, and covered with a delicate greyish pubescence, which scarcely obscures the colour of the derm as in the other species. Head about as broad as the prothorax, the latter about a fifth longer than broad, and remotely punctured, the angle at the side almost resembling a spine; scutellum transversely quadrangular; elytra gradually narrower from the base to the rounded apex, with somewhat coarse scattered punctures; body beneath and legs covered with a greyish pile; antennæ about two and a half times as long as the body, pale reddish-brown.
Length 4 lines.
Æschopalæa tomentosa.
Æ. fere tota grisea; prothorace vix longiore quam latiore; elytris lateribus parallelis.
Hab.—Singapore, Macassar.
Entirely covered with a rough greyish pubescence except over the numerous punctures; these are much larger and more closely placed than in the last; the prothorax is nearly equal in length and breadth if the angles be included, and the antennæ are perceptibly finer, especially towards the apex.
Length 3½ lines.
Æschopalæa grisella.
Æ. angustior, pallide grisea; prothorace vix longiore quam latiore; elytris lateribus fere parallelis.
Hab.—Aru.
Narrower than the last, but also covered with a greyish pubescence, paler and thinner, however, and somewhat ragged in its dispersion, with punctures smaller and more scattered; the tarsi more slender, and the antennæ scarcely twice as long as the body.
Length 3 lines.
Æschopalæa laticollis.
Æ. grisea; prothorace latiore, vel haud longiore quam latiore, elytrorum basi fere æquale.
Hab.—Mysol.
Stouter in all its parts than the three preceding, and covered with a coarse greyish pubescence, interrupted over the punctures, these are smaller than in Æ. tomentosa, but are equally crowded, and the prothorax, including the angles, is nearly as wide as are the elytra at the base, and is, perhaps, a trifle broader than it is long; antennæ rather more than twice as long as the body.
Length 3—4 lines.
EXOCENTRINÆ.
This sub-family is very nearly allied to the last; indeed, latterly, authors have not made any distinction between them. M. Mulsant, who, first proposed the sub-family or "Branche," as he termed it, under the name of "Pogonochéraires," only mentioned the three genera Pogonocherus, Exocentrus and Stenidea. M. Thomson places the first and last of these in his sixth "Groupe Saperditæ," Exocentrus taking its place in the second "Groupe Acanthocinitæ," with two or three other genera which I refer to this sub-family. M. Thomson is probably right in the position he assigns to Stenidea, but I think Pogonochærus cannot be put far from Exocentrus, and as the latter is the most typical of the two it would be more appropriate to take its name for the sub-family.
The Exocentrinæ have the face convex or rounded, generally short and transverse; the antennary tubers pretty far apart, so as only to leave the usual mesial line, with very little tendency to depression between them: the eyes are small or of moderate size, deeply and widely emarginate; the mandibles rather feeble and without teeth, and the palpi are pointed. The antennæ are variable, but they are never so long as in many of the preceding sub-family; very often the joints are short and thick, or even tumid, almost always with a fringe of stiffish hairs beneath, or the whole of those organs is more or less hairy. The prothorax is generally armed at the side with a short spine, which is often placed near the base; in some genera this part shows a remarkable tendency to arching or curving upwards above the level of the elytra, and the disc is occasionally armed with two spines. The elytra are more or less oblong, with the apex entire, at least so far as the species of this collection are concerned. The legs are of moderate length, the femora always clavate, the intermediate tibiæ emarginate, and the tarsi never elongate; the anterior coxæ are large and standing well out of their acetabula, and these latter are either entire or angulated. The species are all of small size, rather depressed and very often clothed with long erect hairs, which are sometimes stiff enough to be called "setæ." They are found in all parts of the the world, and are represented in Australia by the genera Pentacosmia, Newm., and Ameipsis, Pasc. (each of one species only), and Exocentrus erineus, Pasc.; in New Zealand, by the Lamia crista, Fab.; but there can be no doubt that these numbers will be considerably increased when the insects of those countries shall be better known. In the present collection we have twenty-two genera and and forty-nine species.
Genera.
Prothorax armed at the sides. | |
Antennæ with slender cylindrical joints. | |
Metasternum not more than half the length of the abdomen. | |
Body with scattered erect hairs (or setæ). | |
A single spine or tooth on each side of the prothorax. | |
Antennæ setigerous | Exocentrus, Muls. |
Antennæ setigerous beneath only (ciliated). | |
Prothorax with a long recurved spine | Contoderus, Thoms. |
Prothorax with a short spine. | |
Tarsi linear | Enes, n. g. |
Tarsi triangular | Myromeus, n. g. |
More than one spine at the side of the prothorax. | |
Prothorax with three spines | Ombrosaga, n. g. |
Prothorax with an irregular toothed line | Xænapta, n. g. |
Body simply pubescent. | |
Antennæ nearly twice as long as the body. | |
Both the third and fourth joints twice as long as the scape | Miænia, n. g. |
The third or fourth joint scarcely longer than the scape | Ægocidnus, n. g. |
Antennæ a little longer than the body | Sciades, n. g. |
Metasternum more than half the length of the abdomen | Ipochira, n. g. |
Antennæ with thickened joints. | |
Palpi pointed. | |
Disc of the prothorax unarmed. | |
Prothorax transversely sulcated. | |
Posterior tibiæ deeply emarginate | Phlyarus, Pasc. |
Posterior tibiæ entire | Athylia, n. g. |
Prothorax not sulcated | Camptomyne, n. g. |
Disc of the prothorax armed with two spines | Gyaritus, Pasc. |
Palpi securiform | Axinyllium, n. g. |
Prothorax unarmed at the sides. | |
Scape of normal length; eyes emarginate. | |
Antennæ slender, setaceous. | |
Scape slender, cylindrical | Emeopedus, n. g. |
Scape short, thick | Nesomomus, n. g. |
Antennæ thickened, more or less linear. | |
Antennæ fusiform (intermediate joints enlarged) | Ebæides, n. g. |
Antennæ not fusiform. | |
Prothorax contracted at the base | Egesina, n. g. |
Prothorax of nearly equal breadth throughout. | |
Scape subcylindrical | Enispia, n. g. |
Scape elongato-pyriform | Dyemus, n. g. |
Scape very long; eyes divided | Oloessa, n. g. |
EXOCENTRUS.
Exocentrus, Mulsant, Coléopt. de France, Longic. p. 152.
Caput antice transversum. Oculi mediocres vel majusculi, vertice vel distantes vel subapproximati. Antennæ validæ, setosæ, corpore vix longiores, articulis tertio quartoque plus minusve æqualibus et scapo brevioribus, sequentibus gradatim decrescentibus. Prothorax transversus, vel latitudine longitudine equalis, spina laterali sæpissime post medium sita, margine postico antice angustiore. Elytra oblonga vel subovata, apice rotundata. Femora subclavata. Tarsi postici modice elongati. Corpus setosum.
The differences between the two common European forms of this genus (E. balteatus and E. adspersus) render it difficult to draw up a very decided diagnosis of it, yet at the same time no one doubts that they are congeneric. The species described below, except E. mœrens, in the form of the prothorax are most allied to E. adspersus. I have formed a section apart of E. mœrens, as the small prothorax, not broader than the head, although transverse as in the others, appears to indicate something beyond a specific difference, but, on the other hand, the prothorax of E. balteatus seems pretty nearly intermediate.
Section 1.—Prothorax much broader than long; the spine bent back nearly in a line with the body:—E. hispidulus, Pasc.; E. centenes, n. s.; E. lachrymosus, n. s.; E. echimys, n. s.
Section 2.—Prothorax scarcely broader than long; the spine smaller, directed obliquely backwards:—E. mœrens, n. s.
Section 1.
Exocentrus hispidulus.
Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc., ser. 2, v. 37.
E. fuscus, fulvo-varius; elytris albo-subtessellatis; antennarum articulis fuscis, tertio, quarto et quinto basi testaceis.
Hab.—Aru, Dorey, Saylee, Mysol, Macassar, Menado.
Dark brown, nearly black, varied with pale fulvous and white; head with a thin greyish pile; eyes rather large, black; prothorax with a broad fulvous stripe or patch on each side, and often a narrower stripe in the centre; scutellum transverse, fulvous; elytra irregularly seriate-punctate, obscurely tessellated with white, large patches of fulvous at the base, middle and sides; body beneath and legs pitchy, with a thin greyish pile; antennæ dark brown, the third, fourth, and fifth joints testaceous at the base.
Length 3 lines.
Exocentrus centenes.
E. castaneus; prothorace obscure fulvescente; elytris basi fulvo-tessellatis, apicem versus fulvis, plagam castaneam includentibus; antennis testaceis.
Hab.—Batchian, Flores.
Chesnut-brown, varied with fulvous; head with a thin greyish pile; eyes rather large, brown; prothorax obscurely clouded with fulvous; scutellum subtransverse; elytra with irregular and distant rows of small, approximate punctures, the basal half tessellated with fulvous, the remainder also fulvous, including, however, a large somewhat oblique chesnut patch on each elytron, and near the apex a smaller and less distinct longitudinal patch; body beneath and legs reddish pitchy, thinly pubescent; antennæ nearly entirely dull testaceous.
Length 2¾ lines.
Exocentrus lachrymosus.
E. niger; elytris oblongo-alboguttatis; antennis infuscatis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Brownish-black; head with a few scattered hairs in front; eyes black; prothorax with a very thin pubescence, principally at the sides; elytra with irregular crowded lines of small punctures, and marked with numerous oblong white spots; body beneath chocolate-brown, with a greyish pile; legs nearly black; antennæ brownish-black.
Length 2¾ lines.
Exocentrus echimys.
E. tenuissime pubescens, fuscus, subnitidus; elytris obsolete fulvo-triplagiatis.
Hab.—Morty.
Dark brown, subnitid, covered with a very fine and thin pubescence; head brown, with a few scattered hairs only in front; eyes black; prothorax very short, paler at the apex and at the base of the spine on each side; scutellum broadly triangular; on each elytron three large, but scarcely visible, patches of yellowish, one at the shoulder, the second at the side and rather behind the middle, the third nearly at the apex; body beneath brown, with a few greyish hairs; legs and antennæ brownish testaceous, obscurely marked with darker brown.
Length 2½ lines.
Section 2.
Exocentrus mœrens.
E. fuscus; elytris guttis albis oblongis ornatis, in medio et apicem versus utrinque interruptis.
Hab.—Singapore.
Dark brown, pubescence very thin; head nearly black, the epistome aud lip testaceous, mandibles black; eyes rather large, black; prothorax small, not broader than the head, and rather short, dark brown, the spine very slender, oblique, and placed near the base; scutellum small, triangular; elytra coarsely seriate-punctate, with linear spots of thickly set white hairs over the surface, but less at the base and absent from the middle, leaving an irregular transverse band, and towards the apex a blotch of the same character, but interrupted at the suture by the continuation of the white lines; body beneath testaceous brown, the abdomen darker; legs dark brown, the tarsi and especially the claw-joint paler; antennæ brown.
Length 1¾ lines.
SCIADES.
Caput prothorace angustius, antice subtransversum. Oculi majusculi, vertice subapproximati. Antennæ corpore longiores, subattenuatæ; scapo modice elongato; articulo tertio longiore, quarto tertio æquali, cæteris gradatim decrescentibus. Prothorax subtransversus, æquatus, basi vix constrictus, spina laterali post medium sita. Elytra oblonga. Femora clavata; tarsi postici modice elongati. Corpus haud setosum.
It is with some hesitation that I propose to separate the species
described below from Exocentrus, which, having a wide geographical range, may be expected to present a considerable amount of variation. However, the narrower head, the more slender antennæ, with the greater length of the third and fourth joints when compared with the scape, the absence of setæ, and a difference of coloration, would seem, taken together, sufficiently distinctive characters, were it not that there are indications that the most important of them, i.e. those of the antennæ, may prove to be too variable for generic use. Thus in S. melanotis, for instance, the fourth joint is considerably shorter than the third, while it is longer in S. mutatus, and about equal in S. suffusus. This shading away of characters is, unfortunately for the systematist, more the rule than the exception in the Longicorn families.
Sciades suffusus.
Leiopus suffusus, Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc., ser. 2, v. 37.
S. purpureo-fuscus, pube cinerea varius; scutello triangulari; antennarum articulis tertio quartoque æqualibus.
Hab.—Aru.
Dark purplish-brown; head and prothorax covered with an ashy pubescence, the spine small and placed rather behind the middle; scutellum equilaterally triangular; elytra varied with blotches of greyish-ashy pubescence; body beneath greyish; antennæ and legs reddish-brown.
Length 2 lines.
Sciades mutatus.
S. purpureo-fuscus, pube cinerea varius; scutello breviter ovato; antennarum articulis tertio quartoque æqualibus.
Hab.—Aru.
Closely resembles the last, but broader, the thoracic spine placed much nearer the base, and the scutellum shortly ovate.
Length 2 lines.
Sciades melanotis. (Pl. II. fig. 2.)
S. purpureo-fuscus, pube grisea varius; antennarum articulo tertio quarto longiore, scapo purpureo-fusco.
Hab.—Aru.
Broader than the preceding, dull purplish-brown; head with a sparse greyish pile; eyes subapproximate on the vertex; prothorax varied with patches (abrasions?) of a greyish pile, rather convex, rounded at the side, the spine short and behind the middle; scutellum subtransverse, rounded behind, except at the apex, which is slightly pointed; elytra with large patches of greyish
pile, except at the base and a portion behind the middle, forming a broad slightly oblique band pointing backwards at the suture; body beneath dull luteous; legs and scape dark purplish-brow, rest of the antennæ brownish, with the base of most of the joints pale greyish.
Length 3 lines.
CONTODERUS.
Contoderus, Thoms. Syst. Cerambycidarum,* p. 111.
Characteres ut in Exocentro, sed antennis attenuatis, elongatis, articulo tertio quarto breviore, spina prothoracis in medio sita, longe tenuata et recurva.
The long and slender antennæ shut this genus out from the genuine Exocentri, with which I had formerly arranged it. It may be remarked that the femora are more clavate, and the slender basal portion so lengthened that it is seen from above. The single species upon which the genus is founded is remarkable for the long hooked spine of the thorax, which is also slightly bifid at the point of its greatest convexity.
Contoderus hamaticollis. (Pl. II. fig. 9.)
Exocentrus hamaticollis, Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc., ser. 2, v. 37. Contoderus acanthocinodes, Thoms. l. c. p. 112.
G. fuscus; elytris castaneis, basi rufis, macula triloba scutellari, maculisque albis post medium ornatis.
Hab.—Aru.
Dark brown; head finely punctured, eyes rather large, black; prothorax minutely punctured, the base pale ferruginous, spine nearly median, long and recurved, slightly bifid at its convex portion; scutellum subtransverse; elytra dark brown, with a large irregular blotch of yellowish red at the shoulder, extending towards the suture, and forming behind the scutellum a dark trilobed patch; behind the middle a series of oblique white spots, forming two irregular and interrupted lines, towards the apex two or three more spots; antennæ reddish-brown, darker towards the apex, the scape and base of the posterior femora ferruginous.
Length 2¼ lines.
ENES.
Caput parvum. Oculi majusculi. Antennæ attenuatæ, vix elongatæ, ciliatæ; scapo modice elongato, subcylindrico, articulo tertio quarto breviore, cæteris gradatim brevioribus. Prothorax subquadratus, lateribus parum rotundatis, spina
* This work only reached me whilst this sheet was passing through the press.
minuta pone medium. Elytra oblonga, integra. Femora clavata; tibiæ et tarsi subelongati, articulo ultimo subbreve. Corpus setosum.
The seven species here brought together form a very natural group, allied to Ægocidnus (post, p. 40), which, however, is a narrower form, without setæ, and with more clavate femora. They are all below the average size, one only attaining to the length of two lines and three quarters; the punctures on the head and thorax are minute and very closely placed, those on the elytra are coarser and have to a certain extent a linear arrangement.
Enes intinctus. (Pl. II. fig. 5.)
E. rufo-fuscus, pube subargentea tectus; prothorace subtransverso, linea longitudinali grisea; antennis luteis, scapo rufo-brunneo.
Hab.—Dorey.
Dark reddish-brown, with a silvery-greyish pubescence, especially on the elytra; head finely punctured; eyes large, black; prothorax slightly transverse, finely punctured, except at the base and apex, and clothed with short scattered curved hairs, the spine short, rather behind the middle; scutellum small, apex truncate; elytra irregularly punctured at the base and middle, an oblique brownish triangular patch on each posteriorly, the apices of these triangles pointing upwards and outwards, and their bases meeting at the suture, so that the two form a V-shaped mark; body beneath and legs yellowish-brown; antennæ luteous, the scape and tips of the joints reddish-brown.
Length 2¾ lines.
Enes juvencus.
E. lutescens; prothoracis spina recurva; elytris utrinque brunneo-plagiatis; oculis nigris.
Hab.—Ceram.
Pale luteous; head and prothorax with a very light greyish pile, the latter with a narrow central line, on each side of which the derm is nearly bare, thoracic spine recurved; elytra mottled with greyish, a large reddish-brown patch in the middle at the side, and a few blackish setæ scattered on the disc; body beneath pale luteous; legs and antennæ almost testaceous, the latter nearly two-thirds as long again as the body.
Length 2 lines.
VOL. III. THIRD SERIES, PART I.—SEPT. 1864. D
Enes obliquus.
E. brunneo-luteus; elytris griseo-variis, singulo ante medium vitta obliqua luteo-brunnea fere usque ad apicem posita.
Hab.—Ceram.
Pubescence very fine and somewhat silky, pale brown, varied with grey; eyes rather large, black; prothorax with a central greyish stripe, a similar stripe also on each sie; scutellum squarish; elytra seriate-punctate, the punctures rather coarse, blotches of grey more or less contiguous on the elytra, except a broad oblique stripe beginning on each side just below the middle, extending to near the apex and there meeting at the suture; body beneath dull luteous; legs luteous, clouded with brown; antennæ testaceous, the distal half of the joints brown.
Length 2 lines.
Enes familiaris.
E. brunneo-luteus; prothorace vix transverso, pone medium spina parva obliqua; elytris singulis pone medium brunneo-plagiatis.
Hab.—Ternate.
Brownish-luteous, with a greyish pubescence, the setæ rather long; eyes and mandibles black; prothorax scarcely as long as broad, coarsely pubescent, but leaving on each side the median line posteriorly a more thinly covered space, spine very small, placed between the middle and base, and directed obliquely backwards; elytra rather closely covered with a grey pile, and having a large somewhat oblique reddish-brown patch near or very near the middle; body beneath luteous shining, a large deep fovea at the extremity of the last abdominal segment; legs and antennæ pale luteous.
Length 2 lines.
Enes pulicaris.
E. rufo-brunneus; capite prothoraceque subtilissime punctatis, haud pubescentibus, hoc spina elongata post medium instructo; elytris pube griseo-variis, medio subfasciatis; antennis luteis.
Hab.—Flores.
Reddish-brown; head and prothorax without any pubescence, both finely and closely punctured, the spine placed considerably behind the middle, long, slender and directed obliquely backwards; scutellum triangular; elytra rather thinly clothed with a greyish pile, which is nearly absent at the base, and about or
behind the middle, each having the appearance of a band; body beneath pale ferruginous; legs reddish-brown, the tarsi darker; antennæ luteous.
Length 1¾ lines.
Enes porcellus.
E. rufo-brunneus; prothorace angustiore, spina submedia; elytris utrinque brunneo-plagiatis.
Hab.—Timor.
Closely resembles the last, but the prothorax is narrower, less convex, with the spine placed nearly in the middle, the elytra have the patch confined to the side, not confluent at the suture so as to form a kind of band as in E. pulicaris, and there is only a small patch about the scutellum, which does not extend to the shoulders.
Length 1½ lines.
Enes irritans.
E. angustior, luteo-brunneus; prothorace subangusto, spina laterali submedia, elongata, retrorsa; elytris sparse griseo-pubescentibus.
Hab.—Ceram.
Rather narrow, luteous brown; head nearly chesnut-brown, scarcely pubescent; eyes rather large, black; prothorax a little longer than broad, finely and closely punctured, dark luteous brown, the base and apex paler, the spine rather behind the middle, long and pointed obliquely backwards; scutellum sub-triangular, the apex rounded; elytra oblong, finely punctured, luteous brown, indefinitely clouded with a thin greyish pile; body beneath chesnut-brown; legs and antennæ luteous, the latter slender, very slightly fimbriated, and about a third longer than the body.
Length 2 lines.
IPOCHIRA.
Caput exsertum. Oculi antice distantes. Antennæ vix elongatæ, ciliatæ; scapo subcylindrico; articulo quarto tertio longiore, sequentibus gradatim decrescentibus. Prothorax ovatus, lateribus spina submedia instructus. Elytra subtrigonata, apice rotundata. Femora valde clavata, tarsi antici maribus dilatati, articulo basali sequentem superante. Metasternum elongatum. Corpus sublatum, setosum.
The dilated anterior tarsi of the males, the lengthened meta-
D 2
sternum, and the more than usually broad outline, are the principal characters of this genus. In consequence of the elongation of the metasternum, the posterior legs are so far removed from the intermediate that the femora, although comparatively short, extend nearly to the extremity of the elytra, especially in the males. The anterior acetabula are slightly angulated externally.
Ipochira perlata. (Pl. II. fig. 4.)
I. obscure fusca, cinereo-varia, guttis albis dispersa; antennis annulatis.
Hab.—Gilolo, Batchian, Morty, Ceram.
Dark brown, with numerous setose hairs, and closely covered with a pile of dull brown, varied with a little ashy and a few white spots. Head mostly ashy grey, eyes small; mandibles black; palpi luteous; prothorax much broader than the head, ovate-oblong, the sides strongly rounded, and furnished behind the middle with a short slender spine, posterior to which is a large white patch, the disc also with a few obscure ashy spots; scutellum subscutiform, rounded behind; elytra broadest at the base, where it considerably exceeds the prothorax, gradually diminishing towards the apex, the sides slightly rounded, the disk speckled with ashy and spotted with white, the largest spot at the side before the middle, two in a line towards the apex and nearer the suture, and one outside the anterior of the two; body beneath ashy, the abdomen and legs dark brown, thinly pubescent, the posterior tibiæ whitish, the extremity and tarsi black; antennæ scarcely half as long again as the body, dull ashy, the apices of the intermediate joints passing into brown, the scape slightly tinged with rufous.
Length 4—5 lines.
There is some variation in size and in form and number of spots in my specimens, but nothing sufficiently decisive to warrant their separation.
MYROMEUS.
Caput parvum, fronte convexo. Oculi mediocres. Antennæ modice elongatæ; scapo cylindrico; articulo tertio quarto breviore, cæteris decrescentibus. Prothorax quadratus, spina submediana utrinque armatus. Elytra oblonga. Femora subclavata; tarsi omnes triangulares. Corpus setosum.
There are no salient characters in this genus; nevertheless I have been unable to refer the solitary species it contains to any other, nor does it seem to have any very near ally; but the form of the scape, the position of the lateral spine, the presence of
numerous setæ, and the coloration, induce me to place it after Ipochira.
Myromeus subpictus. (Pl. IV. fig. 1.)
M. pubescens, fuscus, cinereo-varius; prothorace utrinque macula ochracea postica; elytris ochraceo-plagiatis.
Hab.—Ceram.
Dark brown, nearly black, with a close, principally ashy pubescence; head covered with ashy hairs; prothorax nearly quadrate, a stout nearly straight spine slightly behind the middle, ashy speckled with dark brown, a large ochre spot on each side posteriorly but embracing the spine; scutellum subquadrate; elytra moderately punctured, pubescence dark brown, mottled with ashy and some patches of ochraceous; the two principal at the side at about equal distances from each other, the base and the apex; of the next, one is towards the apex, the other between the posterior patch and the suture; body beneath and legs with a greyish pubescence, with several long white hairs, especially at the sides of the abdomen and tibiæ; tarsi dark brown, the two basal joints ashy; antennæ a little longer than the body, dark brown, the bases of the intermediate joints ashy.
Length 4 lines.
OMBROSAGA.
Caput subimmersum, antice subquadratum. Oculi majusculi. Antennæ sublineares, ciliatæ; scapo subelongato, articulis tertio quartoque longioribus, cæteris brevioribus et sub-æqualibus. Prothorax subtransversus, utrinque rotundatus, spinis tribus instructus, basi apice latiore. Elytra oblonga, integra. Femora modice clavata; tarsi antici subtriangulares, postici vix subelongati.
The single species composing this genus has very much the appearance of Miænia irrorata (post, p. 39); the elytra are more parallel than in the Exocentri, and the antennæ are rather linear than setaceous; it is particularly distinguished from all the genera of the sub-family by the three spines of its prothorax.
Ombrosaga maculosa. (Pl. II. fig. 6.)
E. fusca; elytris guttis griseis oblongis dispersis; antennis fuscis.
Hab.—Tondano.
Dark brown, subnitid. Head with a thin greyish pile; eyes rather large, black; prothorax broader than the head, coarsely punctured, a line of greyish hairs in the middle, each side with
three spines, the first at about the middle, the second longest and very slightly directed backwards, the posterior midway between the second and the base; scutellum rounded behind, covered with a rather close greyish pile; elytra coarsely seriate-punctate, oblong, their sides parallel, with several obolong, pale greyish spots in lines; body beneath reddish-brown; legs darkish brown; antennæ about half as long again as the body, dark brown, the scape paler.
Length 2½ lines.
XÆNAPTA.
Caput antice subtransversum. Oculi mediocres, distantes. Antennæ subelongatæ, ciliatæ; scapo subcylindrico; articulo quarto tertio longiore, cæteris paulatim decrescentibus. Prothorax subtransversus, lateribus linea irregulari dentata instructus. Elytra oblonga, apice integra. Femora clavata, tarsorum articulo basali breviter triangulari; tarsi antici lati. Corpus setosum.
The irregular toothed line on the side of the prothorax will at once distinguish this genus, which is also remarkable for the broad anterior tarsi, a character, however, probably confined to the males. (It has not been sufficiently rendered in the Plate.)
Xænapta latimana. (Pl. III. fig. 3.)
X. fuscescens, elytris cinereo-variis, antennis pedibusque testaceis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Head dark brown, finely punctured, very convex in front, and covered with a greyish tomentum; eyes black; epistome and lip luteous; palpi testaceous; prothorax chesnut-brown, with oblong punctures anteriorly, posteriorly with a greyish pile, the sides with six or seven short teeth arranged in an irregular line; scutellum rounded behind; elytra oblong, seriate-punctate, the punctures coarse, covered with a clear reddish-brown pubescence, the base, sutural region, and a large patch behind the middle closely mottled with pale ashy; body beneath pale chesnut-brown, with a fine greyish pubescence; legs testaceous, the tarsi darker; antennæ brownish testaceous, more than half as long again as the body.
Length 2 lines.
MIÆNIA.
Caput angustum. Oculi majusculi, antice approximati. Antennæ gracillimæ, elongatæ, ciliatæ, scapo subcylindrico, articulis tertio quartoque longissimis, cæteris brevioribus.
Prothorax subtransversus, lateribus rotundatis, spina basin versus instructus. Elytra oblonga, integra. Femora clavata. Tarsi antici triangulares, intermedii et postici angustati, vix subelongati. Corpus haud setosum.
The unusual length of the third and fourth antennal joints (bringing the fifth to the apex of the elytra) is the principal character of this genus, which, in other respects, approaches Ægocidnus (post, p. 40), except that the pubescence is opaque and not silvery. The two species differ principally in colour, but the scutellum of M. marmorea is very decidedly transverse.
Miænia marmorea. (Pl. III. fig. 6.)
M. brunnea, rufo-grisea variegata.
Hab.—Salwatty.
Reddish-brown, varied with large patches of reddish-grey; head with a uniform greyish pile, distinctly punctured; eyes and mandibles black; prothorax slightly subtransverse, reddish-brown, greyish at the sides, coarsely punctured; scutellum short, broadly transverse; elytra rather coarsely punctured, dark reddish-brown, a large irregular patch at the shoulder, extending nearly to the middle, another at the apex and partially connected with the first by a smaller central patch, all greyish tinged with red; body beneath dark luteous; legs and antennæ luteous, the latter darker towards the apex and more than twice as long as the body.
Length 2 lines.
The anterior acetabula in this species are more nearly entire than in any other species of this sub-family that I have seen.
Miænia irrorata.
M. fusca, cinereo-irrorata.
Hab.—Batchian.
Dark brown, with a short opaque pubescence; head very distinctly punctured; eyes large, black, approximating on the vertex; prothorax subtransverse, coarsely punctured, dark brown, the sides and centre with ashy patches; scutellum slightly pointed behind; elytra very strongly punctured, dark brown, sprinkled with small, distant, but not very distinct, patches of ashy; body beneath, legs, and antennæ dark brown, the latter a shade lighter, and rather more than twice as long as the body.
Length 2 lines.
The following species differs from Miænia in having the antennæ considerably shorter, although the third and fourth
joints are still beyond the usual length, the sixth reaching to the apex of the elytra; the body is also narrower and less depressed, and the scape, notwithstanding the shorter antennæ, is very decidedly longer, and more cylindrical.
Miænia perversa.
M. tenuiter pubescens, fusca; elytris cervino-pubescentibus, plagis lateralibus brunneis.
Hab.—Mysol, Bouru.
Dark brown, with a very fine pubescence; head as broad as the prothorax, scarcely pubescent; the eyes black; prothorax rather longer than broad, strongly punctured, the sides with a short abrupt spine placed considerably behind the middle; scutellum rounded posteriorly; elytra strongly seriate-punctate, covered with a greyish fawn-coloured pubescence, the sides with transverse irregular patches of reddish-brown; body beneath testaceous-brown; abdomen with a silvery pile; legs and antennæ luteous, the latter about two-thirds as long again as the body.
Length 2 lines.
ÆGOCIDNUS.
Caput fronte subtransverso. Oculi majusculi, in vertice subapproximati, antice distantes. Antennæ tenues, ciliatæ; scapo modice elongato, fusiformi; articulo tertio quarto breviore, cæteris gradatim brevioribus. Prothorax subquadratus, utrinque post medium spinosus. Elytra anguste oblonga. Femora valde clavata; tarsi breves, postice angustati, articulo ultimo cæteris breviore. Corpus haud setosum.
A Leiopus-looking form, but narrower, with shorter tarsi, and a more median thoracic spine. Some of the obscurer species of Exocentrus (ante, p. 28) bear a marked resemblance to Ægocidnus, but they have less clavate femora and stouter antennæ. The species of this genus are clothed with a sort of silvery-greyish pubescence, having, however, at the side of each elytron, near the middle, a large bare patch; the head and prothorax are very minutely and closely punctured, but, except in Æ. juvencus, the punctures are tolerably well marked on the elytra.
Ægocidnus grammicus. (Pl. III. fig. 2.)
Æ. brunneus; prothorace obsolete griseo-trilineato; elytris griseo-sublineatis; oculis nigris.
Hab.—Bouru.
Reddish-brown; three small, longitudinal, hairy, greyish patches
on the prothorax, which assume, under an ordinary glass, the form of lines, another and broader patch on each side; elytra also apparently lined in the same way, but with more grey at the sides, leaving, however, at about the middle a large well-defined reddish-brown patch, another such patch posteriorly, and between the suture and the first-mentioned patch an oblong line gradually spreading out posteriorly; body beneath chesnut-brown, the first abdominal segment paler; tips of the tibiæ and tarsi dark brown; antennæ more than half as long again as the body, luteous-brown.
Length 3 lines.
Ægocidnus jubatus.
Æ. griseo-brunneus; prothorace linea longitudinali in medio griseo-hirta; oculis brunneis.
Hab.—Macassar.
This species closely resembles the last and may be only a local variety, but the central line of the prothorax is strongly marked and the lateral patches are less so; the elytra, except the patch at the side, are nearly unicolorous, or only slightly mottled from abrasion, and the eyes are light reddish-brown.
Length 3 lines.
Ægocidnus ignarus.
Æ. brunneus; prothorace breviore, medio griseo-sublineato; elytris confuse griseo-variis; oculis nigris.
Hab.—Sula.
The prothorax is shorter, or rather, perhaps, proportionally narrower, than in the two former species, and in the most perfect of my specimens there is a decided, although interrupted, median line on that part; the elytra are perhaps uniformly grey, but, from abrasion, there are irregular dashes of reddish-brown in the above specimen; in another specimen the pubescence is nearly obliterated and the elytra have a reddish-brown hue, clouded with darker brown.
Length 2¼ lines.
Ægocidnus costulatus.
Æ. griseo-brunneus; elytris singulis costis duabus basalibus; oculis nigris.
Hab.—Bauka.
The difference between this species and Æ. grammicus is comparatively slight: it consists chiefly in this, that the two principal lines are slightly elevated between the rows of punctures, and the spaces between these are scarcely pubescent, and there are no
definite patches such as we see in Æ. grammicus. The legs also are unicolorous.
Length 3 lines.
PHLYARUS.
Phlyarus, Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 244.
Caput antice quadratum, medio sulcatum, tuberibus antenniferis brevibus. Oculi majusculi, valde emarginati. Antennæ corpore parum longiores, validæ, ciliatæ; scapo breviter ovato, articulis tertio quartoque longioribus æqualibus, cæteris subæqualibus. Prothorax capite vix latior, lateribus spinosus, antice et postice transversim impressus. Elytra oblonga, costata. Femora clavata; tibiæ intermediæ et posticæ emarginatæ; tarsi subelongati. Corpus setosum, subdepressum.
This genus offers the singular character of a deeply emarginate posterior tibia: this is the more marked, as the tibia just above the emargination forms a very strong angle or tooth; the intermediate tibiæ are also deeply emarginate. The genus is also peculiarly distinct in its ribbed elytra, or rather the intervals between the striæ form elevated lines, which at the base are particularly prominent.
Phlyarus basalis.
Pascoe, l. c., p. 245, pl. xxv. fig. 5.
P. fuscus; prothorace rufo-tincto; elytris basi rubris.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Dark brown, with a few scattered setæ; head black, deeply sulcated between the antennæ, a few impressed points only in front; eyes rather large, black; prothorax a little longer than broad, covered with a short silky pubescence tinged with reddish, the transverse lines remote from their respective margins, lateral spine short, thick; scutellum black, nearly triangular; elytra reddish at the base but quickly shading into dark brown, covered with a short, rather dense pile, and regularly striate-punctate, the intervals of the striæ forming slightly raised lines, which are, however, more prominent at the shoulders and base; body beneath chesnut-red; legs reddish-brown; antennæ very dark brown.
Length 2½ lines.
ATHYLIA.
Caput fronte transverso. Oculi majusculi. Antennæ corpore vix longiores, incrassatæ, setosæ; scapo cylindrico, articulis tertio quartoque longioribus æqualibus, cæteris descrescentibus. Prothorax quadratus, dente minuto in medio instructus.
Elytra oblonga. Pedes breves; femora modice clavata; tarsi breves, articulo ultimo cæteris simul longiore. Corpus setosum.
This is one of those genera which, from the shortness of the legs and the thickness of the antennæ, seem to connect the Apomecyninæ with the Exocentrinæ. In fact it strongly resembles the North American Eupogonius, which, on account of its entire mesotibiæ, we refer to the former sub-family; on the other hand, Athylia has angulated anterior acetabula; this character is, however, as we have already seen, not a very reliable one. On the whole, taking also into consideration the large and prominent anterior coxæ, and the undoubted connexion that exists between this genus and many other genera of the sub-family, we have little hesitation in referring it here.
Athylia avara. (Pl. III. fig. 11.)
A. pubescens, et valde setosa, fusco-castanea, griseo-varia; antennis annulatis.
Hab.—Ternate.
Pubescence rather coarse but thin, interspersed with numerous long black and white setæ; head chesnut-brown, with a few scattered greyish hairs; eyes black; palpi testaceous; prothorax dark chesnut-brown, the anterior and posterior borders paler; scutellum triangular; elytra chesnut-brown, clouded, however, with greyish so as to leave only a few spots and patches of the former colour, the two principal patches occurring, one near the apex, the other at the side behind the middle; body beneath chesnut; legs and antennæ reddish-chesnut, the latter pubescent and setose, except at the tip of the joints, where a bare shining ring is apparent.
Length 2¼ lines.
CAMPTOMYNE.
Caput fronte subquadrato. Oculi magni, supra subapproximati. Antennæ corpore parum longiores, incrassatæ, setosæ; scapo subfusiformi, articulo tertio scapum superante, tertio cæterisque plus minusve æqualibus, vel subgradatim decrescentibus, singulo a tertio ad decimum ventricoso. Prothorax transversus, post medium spinosus. Elytra oblongo-ovata. Femora subclavata, tibiæ anticæ subcurvatæ; tarsi breves, articulo ultimo elongato. Corpus setosum.
This is the first of those remarkable genera, of which there are several in this sub-family, which exhibits that curious form of antennal joint which I have just sought to describe by the term
"ventricose," that is, a joint gradually swelling out to the middle, but only on one side. As ususal, there are gradations even in the same antenna, and the form also appears to pass into the obconical joint we see in Ebæides. The type of this genus bears a strong general resemblance to Callia, the members of which group are also found to imitate various species of the Gallerucidæ. The thoracic spine is well marked, and directed obliquely backwards; the prothorax behind it curving inwards to the base. The protibiæ are slightly curved, a character which finds its greatest development in Ebæides. The anterior acetabula are strongly angulated in this genus, especially in C. tristis.
Camptomyne Callioides.
C. nigra, nitida; capite prothoraceque croceis; elytris violaceis.
Hab.—Aru.
Dark violet, shining, covered with a very fine and thin pubescence; head saffron-yellow, narrower than the prothorax; eyes black; prothorax finely punctured, saffron - yellow; scutellum small, triangular; elytra irregularly and rather strongly punctured at the base and along the suture, the punctures linearly arranged at the sides; body beneath chesnut-brown, shining, the breast yellowish; legs dark brown, the coxæ and last two joints of the tarsi yellowish; antennæ dark brown.
Length 2½ lines.
Camptomyne bicolor. (Pl. III. fig. 10.)
C. nigra, vix nitida; capite prothoraceque luteo-croceis.
Hab.—Batchian.
Closely allied to the last, but the yellow of the head and prothorax is darker and duller; the elytra are quite black, only slightly shining, the punctures more crowded and more impressed, so as to leave more the appearance of lines between them, and the prothorax is proportionally smaller when contrasted with the head.
Length 2 lines.
Camptomyne tristis.
C. nigrescens; prothorace fusco-lutescente.
Hab.—Batchian.
Very slightly pubescent, reddish, or rather perhaps purplish-black; head blackish, obsoletely punctured, as broad as the prothorax; eyes black; prothorax very minutely punctured, dark luteous; scutellum roundish; elytra purplish-black, with the punctures less crowded than in the last two species, although quite
as coarse; body beneath dark brown; legs and antennæ darker than the elytra.
Length 1¾ lines.
GYARITUS.
Gyaritus, Pascoe, Trans. Ent. soc. ser. 2, iv. 244.
Caput antice quadratum, tuberibus antenniferis nullis. Oculi late emarginati. Antennæ corpore parum longiores, validæ, setosæ; scapo oblongo-ovato, incrassato, articulis tertio quartoque æqualibus, scapo brevioribus, cæteris, quinto excepto, æqualibus. Prothorax longior quam latior, et capite vix latior, lateribus in medio spinosus, disco spinis duabus recurvatis. Elytra suboblonga, basi spina armata. Femora subclavata; tarsi validi, subelongati. Corpus setosum.
So far we have been dealing with genera with simple elytra; in this and Axinyllium these organs have a curved elevated spine at the base of each, and behind the spines the elytra are more or less depressed. This depression attains its maximum in the genus Oloessa, a remarkable form, which, as the most aberrant genus of the group, I have placed at the end. In the three genera there is also an arching, more or less, of the prothorax and head; this is the most decided in Oloessa. These peculiarities would almost seem to indicate another type of form, but from what I have said above, it will be seen how graduated are these modifications, and how difficult it is to use them satisfactorily as a means of classification. In G. hamatus the anterior acetabula are entire.
Gyaritus hamatus.
Pascoe, l. c., pl. xxv. fig. 6.
G. purpureo-niger; elytris fasciis tribus interruptis, duabus anticis fere obsoletis, albis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Purplish-black, with numerous erect black hairs; head thickly and rather coarsely punctured; eyes black; prothorax, like the head, with scarcely any pubescence, very coarsely punctured, the lateral spine small, the discal spines rather approximate at the base, and a little recurved; scutellum broadly triangular, the sides rounded; elytra with a very short, close pubescence, deeply punctate-striate, the basal spines slightly recurved, behind these spines two very obscure almost-obsolete oblique bands interrupted at the suture, towards the apex a broader band nearly white, but sometimes also almost obsolete; body beneath reddish-chesnut; legs and antennæ ferruginous.
Length 2 lines.
Gyaritus cinnamomeus.
G. omnino fulvo-brunneus.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Fulvous-brown or cinnamon, with a few long, erect, black hairs; eyes black; head and prothorax coarsely punctured and without pubescence, the lateral spine of the latter straight and somewhat slender, the discal spines rather more remote at the base, long and pretty strongly curved; scutellum rounded behind; elytra with a very fine pubescence, strongly punctate-striate, particularly at the base, the basal spine rather short and slightly recurved; body beneath luteous, with a thin somewhat silky pile; antennæ a little darker towards the apex.
Length 1½ lines.
Gyaritus fulvopictus.
G. brunneo-luteus; elytris fasciis tribus distinctis griseis, duabus posticis prope suturam connexis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Pale brownish-luteous, with scattered, erect, black hairs; head and prothorax covered with a short silky-greyish pile, the former with large scattered punctures; eyes black; prothorax considerably longer than broad, coarsely punctured, except at the apex, the lateral spine small, pointed, the discal spines slender and recurved, scutellum rounded behind; elytra striate-punctate, the punctures larger at the base, the basal spine stout and shortly recurved, a broad, silky and very distinct grey band occupying the whole of the basal half of the elytra behind the spines, a similar band posteriorly and another at the apex, the last two connected along the suture, all the bands waved at their edges; body beneath and legs luteous; antennæ brownish-luteous, with short scattered black setæ on all sides.
Length 2 lines.
AXINYLLIUM.
Caput parvum, antice subrotundatum, tuberibus antenniferis brevissimis. Oculi majusculi. Antennæ corpore longiores, robustæ, setosæ; scapo oblongo-ovato, articulis tertio quartoque fere æqualibus, quinto breviore, cæteris brevioribus et æqualibus. Palpi maxillares et labiales articulo ultimo securiformi. Prothorax longior quam latior, angustus, lateribus vix rotundatus, medio spinosus, disco spinis duabus recurvatis armatus. Elytra suboblonga, basi spinoso-cristata.
Femora vix clavata; tarsi validi, subelongati. Corpus setosum.
This is one of the very few genera of Lamiidæ, the only one, so far as I know, in this sub-family, having securiform palpi;* in other respects it is allied to Gyaritus, except that the antennæ are more slender, and the joints are not swollen at their tips. A single specimen was found by Mr. Wallace under a fallen tree.
Axinyllium carium. (Pl. III. fig. 8.)
A. castaneum; elytris fasciis duabus maculariformibus albis ornatis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Reddish-chesnut; head coarsely punctured; eyes large, black; mandibles black at the tip; prothorax narrower than the head, much longer than broad, covered with coarse scattered punctures, the sides scarcely rounded, with a small well-marked spine nearly in the middle, and two long and moderately recurved spines on the disk; scutellum broadly triangular; elytra narrowly oblong, a short triangular spine at the base of each, with large impressed punctures arranged in lines, before the middle a broad band of whitish spots more or less connected, and posteriorly several patches or spots of the same colour; body beneath testaceous brown; legs and antennæ reddish-brown.
Length 2 lines.
EMEOPEDUS.
Caput parvum. Oculi majusculi. Antennæ basi remotæ, scapo elongato, cylindrico, articulo secundo elongato, tertio longissimo, sequentibus gradatim brevioribus. Prothorax inermis, utrinque subrotundatus. Elytra oblonga, regularia, apice rotundata. Femora modice clavata; tarsi postici articulo basali duobus sequentibus simul sumtis breviore.
The members of this genus have the look of the smaller species of Leiopus, differing however from that group (inter alia) in the unarmed prothorax, and the short basal joint of the posterior tarsi. The third species I have added with some slight hesitation, as it has a considerably shorter scape, a consideration of some importance in the classification of these mostly commonplace little animals. They have all, however, the second joint unusually long.
* In Phantasis, Thoms., one of the African Dorcadioninæ, the palpi vary from obtusely ovate to securiform.
Emeopedus solutus. (Pl. III. fig. 5.)
E. brunnescente pubescens; elytris seriatim punctatis, apicem versus fuscis, singulo post medium macula magna grisea.
Hab.—Batchian.
Reddish-brown, covered with a short slightly-greyish pubescence; head and prothorax rather closely punctured, and of nearly the same breadth, the latter transverse, broadest at the base; scutellum small, rounded behind; elytra coarsely punctured, the punctures dispersed at the base, but in lines from the shoulders and passing obliquely inwards, the basal half luteous brown but with the pubescence appearing somewhat fawn-coloured, passing at the side behind the middle into a palish patch, and between the patches to the apex dark brown; body beneath, legs and antennæ pale luteous, the latter about two-thirds longer than the body.
Length 2¼ lines.
Emeopedus insidiosus.
E. griseo-pubescens, fusco-varius; elytris subseriatim punctatis, macula alba pone medium; antennis testaceis, griseo-pubescentibus.
Hab.—Batchian, Kaioa.
Closely covered with a short pale greyish pubescence, varied with irregular patches and a few spots of brown; head entirely grey; lip testaceous; prothorax nearly equal in length and breadth, strongly punctured, the sides grey, the centre brownish; scutellum rounded behind, nearly white; elytra irregularly punctured around the scutellum, but in the centre and at the sides in somewhat oblique lines, behind the middle a round white spot, a few brown spots and patches scattered over the rest of the elytra; body beneath brownish-testaceous with a greyish pile; legs reddish-testaceous, with a greyish pile, the distal end of the intermediate tibiæ fringed with black hairs; antennæ half as long again as the body (♂), testaceous, the tip darker, clothed with greyish hairs.
Length 2¼ lines.
Emeopedus degener.
E. brunneus; elytris subseriatim punctatis, post medium macula magna lutea, apice et lateribus pone humeros pallidioribus.
Hab.—Ceram.
Reddish brown, with a very thin and sparse pubescence chiefly confined to the elytra; head with a few greyish hairs in front;
eyes large, black; prothorax coarsely punctured, nearly as long as broad, the base narrower than the apex; scutellum subtriangular; elytra irregularly and very strongly punctured in somewhat irregular lines, a large luteous patch behind the middle, the apex and sides behind the shoulders much paler; body beneath nearly testaceous; legs and antennæ dull luteous, the latter about half as long again as the body.
Length 1¾ lines.
NESOMOMUS.
Caput immersum. Oculi antice distantes. Antennæ setosæ, scapo brevi, subfusiformi, articulo tertio elongato, sequentibus gradatim brevioribus, et basi subito constrictis. Prothorax inermis, subquadratus, lateribus parum rotundatus. Elytra oblonga, apice integra. Femora clavata, tarsi postici angusti, cæteri latiores, articulo basali brevi.
The comparatively short thick scape and the form of the antennary joints, together with the long erect hairs which are dispersed over every part of the insect, point to the Exocentrinæ, notwithstanding there are a few minor characters, such as the unarmed prothorax, which seem to indicate an affinity with the Saperdinæ.
Nesomomus servus. (Pl. II. fig. 8.)
N. piceus, pube grisea tenuiter indutus; corpore, antennis, pedibusque longe pilosis.
Hab.—Morty.
Pitchy, thinly clothed with a dull greyish pile, and furnished with numerous long erect hairs; head greyish, scarcely as broad as the prothorax, the latter nearly quadrate, slightly rounded at the sides, which are unarmed, the disc rather coarsely punctured; scutellum rounded behind; elytra very coarsely punctured, the punctures in irregular lines, the base with a broad but slightly raised mesial ridge, the sides nearly parallel; body beneath with a thin greyish pile; legs and antennæ slightly pubescent, with numerous long hairs, the latter about half as long again as the body, all the joints from the sixth inclusive cylindrical, the bases abruptly constricted.
Length 3 lines.
EGESINA.
Caput majusculum, fronte lata, tuberibus antenniferis nullis. Oculi parvi, antice distantes. Antennæ corpore paulo longiores, validæ, setosæ; scapo subcylindrico, basim versus
VOL. III. THIRD SERIES, PART I.—SEPT. 1864. E
gradatim attenuato, articulo tertio scapo æquali, cæteris gradatim decrescentibus. Prothorax capite non latior, lateribus muticus, basi contractus. Elytra brevia. Femora clavata; tibiæ anticæ subcurvatæ; tarsi mediocres, articulo ultimo elongato. Corpus setosum.
This genus resembles Ebæides (post, p. 51) in habit as well as in most of its other characters, only the prothorax is without impressed lines, and the antennæ are of the normal form, and the antennary tubers have disappeared. The single individual upon which it is founded was taken by Mr. Wallace "on a leaf, with its antennæ and legs stretched out."
Egesina rigida. (Pl. III. fig. 12.)
E. fusca; elytris griseo-variis, basi lutescentibus.
Hab.—Singapore.
Head dark brown, with sparse greyish hairs, broad in front, with no impressed line between the antennæ, and without antennary tubercles; eyes rather small in comparison with the size of the head, widely emarginate, black; prothorax dark brown, coarsely punctured, about the width of the head, and nearly equal in length and breadth, the sides rounded and unarmed, slightly contracted at the base, with a shallow transverse line posteriorly, a slight pubescence on the disc which meets to form a greyish central line; scutellum rounded behind; elytra coarsely pubescent, with large somewhat distant punctures, the base reddishluteous, then greyish to the middle, beyond a large semilunar greyish patch, with its convexity toward the suture; body beneath luteous; legs reddish-luteous, with a greyish pile; antennæ dark brown.
Length 2½ lines.
ENISPIA.
Caput antice subquadratum, convexum, tuberibus antenniferis brevibus. Oculi majusculi, valde emarginati. Antennæ subelongatæ, validæ, pilosæ; scapo valido subcylindrico, articulo tertio scapo breviore, cæteris apice tumidis, paulo gradatim decrescentibus. Prothorax quadratus, inermis, antice posticeque transversim impressus. Elytra oblonga, integra. Femora modice clavata; tarsi breves, articulo ultimo elongato. Corpus setosum, subdepressum.
Among the genera with the prothorax unarmed belonging to this sub-family, this will be distinguished by the third antennal joint being shorter than the scape, the nearly equal length of the
remainder, and the thickness generally of the antennæ. The genus is also very distinct in its coloration.
Enispia venosa. (Pl. III. fig. 1.)
E. fuscescens; elytris linea suturali, alteraque obliqua basali a humeris ad suturam, et regione apicali griseo-albis.
Hab.—Java.
Clothed with numerous setaceous hairs; head dark brown with a greyish tomentum; eyes large, pale brown; mandibles black; palpi luteous; prothorax nearly equal in length and breadth, dark brown with a thin greyish pile, the apex and base outside the transverse lines rufous; scutellum triangular; elytra rather irregularly punctured, chiefly at the base, chesnut-brown, from each shoulder an oblique whitish line advancing directly to the suture, and then continued along the sutural line into the large greyish blotch which occupies the posterior third of the elytra, the portion below the lines in the middle with a somewhat silvery pile; body beneath and legs luteous brown; antennæ dark brown, the bases of the intermediate joints paler.
Length 3 lines.
EBÆIDES.
Caput antice latum, posticè etiam prothorace latius, tuberibus antenniferis brevissimis. Oculi late emarginati, antice distantes. Antennæ corpore longiores, incrassatæ, præsertim articuli intermedii, setosæ; scapo valde elongato, curvato, articulo tertio scapo crassiore. Prothorax parvus, subquadratus, lateribus muticus, antice et postice sæpe transversim impressus. Elytra brevia. Pedes breviusculi; tibiæ anticæ curvatæ; tarsorum articulo ultimo elongato. Corpus setosum.
The remarkable thickness of the antennæ in this genus, especially of the third, fourth and fifth joints, attains its greatest development in E. monstrosa, but it is scarcely less so in the other species. I do not recollect any other Lamioid genus in which the scape is not the thickest of the antennal joints. On the other hand, the last joint is very small, and in three of the species, if the character be not a sexual one, disappears altogether, the tenth joint being then nearly as small as the eleventh is in the other species. The anterior tibiæ are short and curiously bowed, and this is sometimes the case also with the intermediate and posterior, only in a less degree. As usual in this sub-family the pubescence is very short and much thinner on, or very nearly absent from, the head and prothorax; and the punctuation on those parts is scarcely visible,
E 2
even with a good lens. The joints of the antennæ are, however, very rugosely punctured.
Ebæides monstrosa. (Pl. III. fig. 7.)
E. fusco-grisea; elytris substriatim punctatis, obscure grisescente-variis, basi lutescentibus; antennis fusco-piceis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Head reddish-pitchy, with scattered yellowish-grey hairs; eyes black, the upper portion very narrow; prothorax slightly transverse, narrowish at the base, pitchy, with a sparse transverse greyish pile; scutellum brownish, rounded behind; elytra brownish-luteous, paler and somewhat of an orange luteous at the base, covered with a rather coarse greyish pile with two or three indefinite greyish bars, the anterior one very irregular, and sending out short branches toward the base and posteriorly, punctures on the disc rather small and arranged in impressed lines; body beneath pitchy, the breast fulvo-testaceous; legs reddish-pitchy, clouded, the intermediate and posterior tibiæ slightly curved outwards; antennæ ten-jointed, brownish-pitchy, the scape curved, the last four joints reddish.
Length 2 lines.
Ebæides viduata.
E. nigra; elytris fortiter seriatim punctatis, griseo-variis; antennis nigris.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Brownish-black; head with a few short setæ in front; eyes rather narrow behind the antennæ; palpi testaceous; prothorax slightly transverse, rather gibbous in the centre, anterior and posterior lines strongly impressed; scutellum rounded behind; elytra coarsely punctured in impressed lines, a few spots and patches of greyish pile scattered irregularly on the surface with short black setæ interspersed; body beneath dark brown; legs black, with sparse greyish hairs, the intermediate and posterior curved outwards; antennæ eleven-jointed, black, the scape slightly curved.
Length 2 lines.
Ebæides rufula.
E. piceo-brunnea; elytris cinnamomeis, punctis invisis; antennis rufo-piceis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Head pitchy-brown, with a few short setæ in front; eyes rather
narrow behind the antennæ; prothorax pitchy-brown, with faint traces of a transverse pile; scutellum broadly triangular; elytra cinnamon, with a coarse rather close pubescence entirely hiding the derm, a few short black setæ interspersed; body beneath and legs brownish-red; antennæ ten-jointed, reddish-pitchy, the scape slightly curved.
Length 1⅔ lines.
Ebæides palliata.
E. picea; elytris seriatim punctatis, basi et medio fusco-griseis, parte postica et latera versus infuscatis, singulis plagis duabus griseis.
Hab.—Sarawak, Tondano.
Head with short black setæ in front, pitchy, shining; mandibles pale reddish; palpi testaceous; eyes rather narrow above; prothorax subtransverse, pitchy, the anterior line deeply impressed, the base slightly contracted; scutellum rounded behind; elytra with lines of rather small punctures, the line next the suture with much larger punctures, from the base to below the middle brownish-grey, but beyond passing gradually into dark brown, a well-marked grey spot posteriorly on the brown, another at the base, between a few very indistinct patches of the same colour just visible under a lens; body beneath dark brown, legs greyish-pitchy; antennæ eleven-jointed, pitchy, the scape slightly curved.
Length 2 lines.
Ebæides exigua.
E. rufo-fusca; elytris seriatim punctatis, griseo-adspersis; antennis piceis, scapo rufo-brunneo.
Hab.—Singapore.
Reddish-brown, covered with a short coarse pile, and numerous short black setæ; head bright chesnut-red in front, eyes black; palpi pale tawny; prothorax subtransverse, transverse lines only slightly impressed, scutellum subtriangular; elytra with lines of punctures nearly hidden beneath the coarse pubescence, dull reddish-brown with some greyish spots, which take a somewhat bandlike form near the middle of the basal half, and another but less marked band between the middle and apex; body beneath brownish-testaceous; legs reddish shining, intermediate and posterior tibiæ slightly curved outwards; antennæ ten-jointed, pitchy, the scape scarcely curved.
Length 1½ lines.
DYEMUS.
Caput prothorace vix angustius, antennarum tuberibus brevissimis. Oculi majusculi. Antennæ corpore longiores, modice incrassatæ, setosæ; scapo valido, oblongo-pyriformi, articulo tertio scapo breviore et angustiore, cæteris sensim decrescentibus. Prothorax subquadratus, lateribus muticus, linea transversa postica. Elytra brevia. Pedes breviusculi, protibiæ fere rectæ. Corpus setosum.
This genus has quite the habit of Ebæides, from which I thought at one time that it would be unnecessary to separate it, but the peculiar structure of the antennæ of this genus, and the different form of the scape, preclude a sufficiently clear definition of the two groups if they were kept together. The comparatively short thick scape, contracted at the apex, will distinguish Dyemus from Enispia (ante, p. 50), from which it also differs in habit and coloration.
Dyemus puncticollis.
D. rufo-castaneus; elytris fortiter seriatim punctatis, fulvovariis, parte basali albo-maculatis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Head reddish-chesnut, coarsely punctured, with a few setæ in front; eyes black; prothorax slightly longer than broad, strongly punctured, no anterior impressed line, the posterior close to the base; scutellum broadly triangular; elytra with coarse punctures in impressed rows, reddish-chesnut, the base and shoulder and a transverse patch near the middle fulvous, a very distinct large round spot of the same colour at the apex, the shoulder somewhat keeled, also a slight basal carina; body beneath yellowish-brown; legs yellowish-fulvous; the intermediate tibiæ nearly straight, the others slightly curved; antennæ fulvous, tips of the joints darker.
Length 2 lines.
Dyemus lævicollis. (Pl. III. fig. 9.)
Gyaritus lævicollis, Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, v. 38.
D. piceus; elytris seriatim punctatis, grisescente-variis.
Hab.—Aru, Dorey, Goram, Batchian, Ceram.
Pitchy, covered with a coarsish pubescence, and long slender erect scattered hairs; head with a sparse greyish tomentum; eyes dark brown; palpi pale luteous; prothorax impunctate, slightly broader than long, with a thin greyish pile (often smooth from
abrasion), the transverse lines well marked; scutellum triangular; elytra clothed with a coarse ashy-mottled pubescence, which is divided into two portions behind the middle by a somewhat V-shaped band, this is sometimes extended along the suture to the apex, and the ashy part within becomes lighter and more strongly marked, or all these marks become very indistinct, and the elytra are nearly uniformly brownish; body beneath pitchy; legs reddish-pitchy, with numerous long scattered hairs; antennæ entirely dark brown, or dark brown with the basal half of all the joints except the first and second ashy.
Length 2¾ lines.
A specimen from Mysol is the most uniformly coloured of this species, and those from Aru have annulated or plain antennæ, as the case may be, indifferently.
OLOESSA.
Caput antice quadratum, fronte convexa, tuberibus antenniferis nullis. Oculi divisi. Antennæ remotæ, subelongatæ, læves, sed apicem versus ciliatæ; scapo longissimo, basi attenuato, apice tuberoso, articulo tertio secundo parum longiore, cæteris longioribus, æqualibus. Prothorax longior quam latior, antice latitudine capitis, postice coarctatus, lateribus inermis. Elytra brevia, basi depressa, et spina armata. Femora basi tenuissima, dein abrupte dilatata; tibiæ validæ; tarsi breves, articulo ultimo elongato. Coxæ anticæ et intermediæ distantes. Corpus breviter setosum.
In the form and length of the scape this genus is almost exceptional in its sub-family, and it is quite so in its divided eyes. It has, however, the arched thorax of Ebæides and the elytra of Gyaritus; and what is more remarkable, it is so closely allied to the North American genus Cyrtinus, Lec.* (Clytus pygmæus, Hald.), that except in the antennæ and eyes I scarcely see how it differs. In both the femora are extremely attenuated at the base, then suddenly dilated, especially on the upper edge. The species upon which the genus is founded is one of the smallest of the Lamiidæ, scarcely exceeding a line in length.
* Dr. Leconte places this genus with the Dorcadions! Three very anomalous genera, Microplia, Serv. (Leptoplia, Dej.), Omosarotes, Pasc., and Scopadus, Pasc. (all South American) should also, I think, be placed near the above. The first of these has the long scape, attenuated at the base, and gradually enlarging upwards, of Oloessa; the last two have the "Cyrtinine" profile in perfection, while in Microplia it is only just beginning to develope itself, as in the case of Gyaritus, but after another type.
Oloessa minuta. (Pl. III. fig. 4.)
O. fusca; elytris castaneis, pube grisea variis; antennis pedibusque fulvescentibus, nitidis.
Hab.—Aru.
Head very dark brown, slightly corrugated in front, and without the mesial line; lip and epistome covered with pale silky hairs; eyes black, the two portions very remote, the upper somewhat crescent-shaped, the lower rounded;* prothorax dark brown, shining, with a few distant punctures and scattered white slender erect hairs, a narrow transverse groove at the base; scutellum triangular; elytra dark chesnut-brown, slightly shining, a long and slightly recurved spine at the base of each, directed upwards and a little outwards; between the spines and extending to the middle of the elytra a thin greyish pubescence, bordered posteriorly with white, in this space a few coarse punctures, rest of the elytra nearly glabrous, except a few greyish hairs at the apex; body beneath dusky; legs dark fulvous, shining; antennæ about half as long again as the body, pale fulvous, shining, the seventh and eighth joints dark at the tips, the remainder dark brown.
Length 1 line.
NIPHONINÆ.
The principal characters of this sub-family, which very nearly corresponds with the "groupe Oncideritæ" of M. J. Thomson,† are the large claw-joint and the ovate or shortly clavate scape. This last character has not hitherto been noticed, I believe, but it separates this sub-family from the Mesosinæ, which have a long cylindrical scape. The greater part of the genera, although frequently composed individually of what may be termed "fine" species, are generally of a rather commonplace appearance, and they are, as might be expected, very difficult to limit.
The Niphoninæ have mostly a moderate-sized ovate head, more or less transverse or subquadrate anteriorly,—that is, from the vertex to the line of the insertion of the epistome,—or it is very large, flat or rounded in front, as in Abryna, Oncideres,‡ and other genera. The antennary tubers commence near the eye, or sometimes arise near the mesial line when they become approximate at the base; they are cornuted in the males of Oncideres. The eyes are almost invariably of moderate size and deeply emarginate.
* This is not correctly represented in the profile figure.
† Of the "Essai," not of the "Syst. Cerambyc."
‡ This genus, although a very natural one, is most variable in its characters.
The antennæ vary from two or three times the length of, to a little shorter than the body, the terminal joint is frequently hooked at the point, but the scape is always short, or comparatively so, and ovate or slightly clavate, except in some species of Oncideres. The prothorax is usually subtransverse, unarmed at the sides, but having instead one or frequently two short tuberculiform teeth near its anterior border. The elytra are oblong or ovate, with a tendency to develope into crests or elevated lines at the base, or to throw out little granules, which are almost invariably black and glossy. The legs are of moderate length (except in many cases the fore-legs of the males), and robust; the thighs more or less clavate, never linear. The tarsi are nearly all of equal length, more or less trigonate, with the claw-joint as long as the three basal taken together. The anterior coxæ of the males are often armed with a recurved spine, occasionally of a formidable length, as in Ischioplites metutus and Xiphotheata Saundersii. The prosternum is invariably elevated to a level with the coxæ, except in Oncideres, and this is often met by a corresponding elevation of the mesosternum, so that the power of the insect in bending is considerably reduced. The three intermediate abdominal segments are the shortest; in a few species, however, the second segment is of greater length, and is then covered, more or less, with a semicircular patch of very densely set erect hairs.
In this great sub-family Europe is represented by only a single species (Niphona picticornis). Oncideres, numerous in species, and other genera, abound in South America. Africa yields Hecyra, Dichostates, Diastocera, and a few other genera not containing many species. In Australia we have numerous species of Symphyletes, Rhytiphora, Penthea, &c. From Asia we know of no genus peculiar to it, and very few species. In the Wallacean Collection we find eighteen genera and fifty-seven species.
The characters that have been used in the following table are mostly of a secondary nature, but they are the most obvious so far as the species treated of here are concerned.
Genera.
Mesosternum produced, or often toothed anteriorly. | |
Antennary tubers distant (front flat or convex). | |
Third antennary joint shorter than, or rarely as long as, the fourth. | |
Tibiæ of the intermediate and posterior legs shorter than their tarsi | Ælara, Thoms. |
Tibiæ of all the legs longer than their tarsi. | |
Head large, dilated below the eyes in the male | Abryna, Newm. |
Head moderate or small. | |
Elytra ribbed or crested at the base. | |
Outer margin of the anterior tibiæ curved | Axiothea, n. g. |
Outer margin of the anterior tibiæ straight | Escharodes, n. g. |
Elytra simple. | |
Prothorax with a narrow longitudinal line | Atyporis, n. g. |
Prothorax simply convex | Ægomomus, n.g. |
Third antennary joint longer than the fourth. | |
Scape nearly cylindrical | Eczemotes, n. g. |
Scape clavate. | |
Anterior tibiæ straight, unarmed | Symphyletes,* Newm. |
Anterior tibiæ curved, toothed internally in the male. | |
Head transverse anteriorly, eyes large | Ischioplites, Thoms. |
Head quadrate anteriorly, eyes small | Xiphotheata, n.g. |
Antennary tubers approximate (front concave). | |
Tarsi dilated. | |
Prosternum declivous anteriorly | Sotades, n.g. |
Prosternum perpendicular | Mœchotypa, Thoms. |
Tarsi not dilated. | |
Anterior coxæ of the male spined | Menyllus, n.g. |
Anterior coxæ of the male unarmed | Dystasia, n. g. |
Mesosternum rounded anteriorly. | |
Third antennary joint shorter than the fourth. | |
Elytra shortly trigonate | Mispila, n. g. |
Elytra oblong | Dryusa, n.g. |
Third antennary joint longer than the fourth. | |
Scape slightly clavate | Exarrhenus, n.g. |
Scape greatly enlarged at the apex | Daxata, n. g. |
* In the Australian Symphyletes nodosus, Newm., the third and fourth antennary joints are of nearly equal length. In Symphyletes neglectus, Pasc., the fore tibiæ of the male are slightly curved and also toothed internally. This is also Australian. A few species have the fourth joint of the antennæ curved.
ÆGOMOMUS.
Caput angustum, antice transversum, tuberibus antenniferis basi distantibus. Oculi fere divisi. Antennæ corpore longiores, setaceæ, ciliatæ; scapo oblongo-ovato, articulo quarto tertio longiore, cæteris brevioribus et subæqualibus, ultimo apice curvato. Prothorax latus, subtransversus, rugosus, disco depresso, dentibus duobus validis. Elytra oblongo-ovata, convexa, regularia, apice integra. Pedes mediocres, antici maribus elongati et femora antica crassiora. Pro- et mesosterna elevata, faciebus oppositis.
A broader and more robust form than Niphona, the prothorax more convex and even, the sterna more produced, the fore-legs of the males elongate, and their femora larger than those of the intermediate and posterior legs. From Axiothea it differs in the unbroken surface of the prothorax and elytra. The species, and even individuals, vary greatly in size, and owing to the monotonous repetitions of nearly the same sombre and indistinct colours, are difficult to determine as well as to describe.
Ægomomus encaustus.
O. fulvo-ferrugineus; prothorace tuberculato-rugoso, nitido.
Hab.—Bouru.
Thinly covered with a yellowish-ferruginous pubescence; head coarsely punctured, rough pale rusty hairs thinly dispersed in front and on the vertex; lip and epistome short; palpi reddish-ferruginous; prothorax subtransverse, roughly tuberculate, the tubercles glossy black and more or less connected, with thinly dispersed hairs between them; scutellum transverse, rounded behind; elytra broad at the base, rather rapidly narrowing to the apex, very thinly pubescent on a dark brown derm, a nearly obsolete paler patch in the middle, the base with a few small granules; body beneath chesnut-brown, with a thin rusty pile; legs and antennæ brown, with dispersed greyish hairs.
Length 9 lines.
Ægomomus viduatus. (Pl. IV. fig. 3.)
Æ. griseo-fuscus, vel niger, fere glaber; prothorace fortiter punctato; elytris sparse griseo-maculatis.
Hab.—Amboyna.
Greyish-brown or black; pubescence very thin or almost absent; head roughly punctured in front; prothorax transverse, coarsely punctured; scutellum rounded behind, transverse; elytra
with the sides more parallel than in the former species, coarsely punctured at the base, but gradually disappearing towards the apex, a few granules only near the shoulder, several greyish hairy spots on the middle and apex, sometimes forming a narrow oblique band behind the middle, sometimes nearly obsolete; body beneath nearly black, the abdomen browner or sometimes ferrugionous, the pubescence very sparse; legs and antennæ like the rest either black or brown, with obscure greyish spots.
Length 8 lines.
Ægomomus maculosus.
Æ. fuscus, fere glaber, maculis fulvo-pubescentibus irroratus; prothorace subrugoso-punctato, antice lævi.
Hab.—Timor.
Dark brown, nearly free from pubescence, except the fulvous rounded spots of short hairs which are principally confined to the elytra; head with a few coarse punctures and two or three spots of fulvous in front, two patches also on the vertex; lip and palpi ferruginous; mandibles black; prothorax transverse, rather smooth in front, fine and slightly irregular punctures somewhat roughly impressed posteriorly and at the sides; elytra with the sides very slightly receding towards the apex, coarsely punctured at the base, but gradually becoming less so, a few granules only at the shoulder, numerous small round spots of fulvous pile scattered over the surface; body beneath dark brown with rusty hairs; legs and antennæ dark brown.
Length 6 lines.
Ægomomus sparsutus.
Æ. oblongus, piceus, tenuiter griseo-pubescens, maculis albescentibus ochraceisque dispersis; prothorace subtransverso, medio vix punctato; elytris basi albo-plagiatis.
Hab.—Batchian, Kaioa, Aru.
Oblong, pitchy, thinly covered with a very fine greyish pile, and having little patches of whitish hairs mixed with a few others of pale ochraceous, chiefly on the sides of the head, prothorax and elytra; head with a few scattered punctures and a well-marked mesial line; prothorax subtransverse, coarsely punctured at the sides, less so and becoming nearly impunctate in the centre; scutellum very transverse; elytra gradually rounded at the sides, the base strongly punctured with a white patch in the hollow above the shoulder, and another towards the scutellum; body
beneath dark brown with a greyish pile; legs and antennæ reddish-brown, clothed with coarse greyish hairs, the latter longer than the body.
Length 4—6 lines.
Ægomomus litigiosus.
Æ. niger, tenuiter griseo-pubescens; prothorace subtransverso, sparse punctato; elytris apice rotundatis, maculis vagis oblongis griseis dispersis; antennis rufo-brunneis.
Hab.—Gilolo, Batchian.
Black inclining to olive, with a thin obscurely varied greyish pile; head with a well-marked mesial line, and covered with coarse pale grey hairs; palpi rusty-testaceous; prothorax moderately transverse, convex and rounded above and at the sides, a few coarse punctures on the disk, mottled with greyish; scutellum very transverse; elytra rather short, rounded at the apex, sparingly punctured, a few oblong greyish spots mostly towards the sides; body beneath chesnut-brown, with a very sparse pubescence, the margins of the abdominal segments fringed with yellowish-grey; legs sparingly pubescent; antennæ brown, a little longer than the body.
Length 4¼ lines.
Ægomomus affectus.
Æ. rufo-fuscus, griseo-pubescens; prothorace minus transverso, sparse punctato; elytris apice rotundatis, maculis rotundatis distinctis fulvis dispersis; antennis rufo-brunneis, griseo-maculatis.
Hab.—Batchian.
Dark umber-brown, with a short thin greyish pile; head with a strongly-marked mesial line, and covered with pale greyish hairs; palpi rusty-testaceous; prothorax moderately transverse, convex and rounded above and at the side, with a few large scattered punctures on the disc, and covered with a tolerably uniform fulvous-grey pile, occasionally with two whitish spots anteriorly; scutellum very transverse; elytra coarsely punctured, slightly receding in breadth from the base, rounded at the apex, obscurely mottled with fulvous and grey, and dotted with small round distinct pale grey spots; body beneath black, with a pale fulvous pile, thicker on the abdomen, its segments fringed with more deeply coloured hairs; antennæ and legs with a loose greyish pile, the former slightly longer than the body.
Length 4¼—7 lines.
Ægomomus pullatus.
Nyphona pullata, Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc., ser. 2, v. 39.
Æ. oblongus, piceus, tenuiter griseo-pubescens; prothorace subtransverso; elytris plaga media et apicem versus maculisque pallidioribus.
Hab.—Sumatra, Aru, Bouru.
Oblong, pitchy, with a thin greyish pubescence, composed of short stout hairs; head with a coarse uniform pubescence, rather closely punctured in front, mesial line narrow; palpi rusty testaceous; prothorax subtransverse, rather roughly punctured; scutellum transverse, slightly emarginate at the tip; elytra nearly parallel, the apex of each rounded, punctures rather coarse and crowded at the base, a large irregular nearly median patch, and posteriorly small round spots, all of a pale grey, formed by condensation of the pubescence; body beneath black, very sparsely pubescent; legs and antennæ brown, with a scattered pubescence, the latter shorter than the body, and slightly spotted.
Length 7 lines.
Ægomomus villaris.
Æ. ovatus, piceus, tenuissime griseo-pubescens; prothorace transverso; elytris post medium plaga obliqua irregulari albescente.
Hab.—Gagie (prope Waigiou).
Ovate, pitchy, with a very thin greyish pubescence; head in front covered with a greyish ochraceous pile, and a spot of the same kind on each side of the vertex; prothorax transverse, coarsely punctured, an ochraceous spot on the disk anteriorly on each side; scutellum subtransverse; elytra with coarse punctures at the base, but gradually becoming obsolete towards the apex, a large irregularly angulated patch of ashy passing into grey at the side; body beneath pitchy, with a thin rusty-brown pile; legs and antennæ pitchy, sparsely pubescent, the latter with small greyish spots.
Length 6 lines.
Ægomomus malignus.
Æ. oblongo-attenuatus, niger, pube grisea minuta tectus; prothorace subtransverso; elytris macula grisea media, apice rotundatis.
Hab.—Mysol.
Narrowly oblong, brownish black, covered with a thin greyish
pubescence, composed of very minute hairs; head coarsely and sparingly punctured in front, the vertex more pubescent, mesial line not extending beyond the eyes; prothorax subtransverse, rather sparsely but very coarsely punctured; scutellum broadly transverse; elytra slightly rounded at the sides, coarsely and irregularly punctured at the base, but becoming gradually less so towards the apex, middle of each with an oblique greyish spot; body beneath dark brown, with a very thin pubescence; legs brownish black; antennæ as long as the body, covered with a rather long greyish pile.
Length 5 lines.
Ægomomus ominosus.
Æ. oblongus, piceus, tenuiter griseo-pubescens; prothorace transverso, impresso-punctato; antennis pedibusque castaneis, griseo-pubescentibus.
Hab.—Gilolo.
Oblong, pitchy, with a very thin and short greyish pubescence; head rather depressed between the tubers, sparingly punctured, with scarcely any mesial line, a few yellowish hairs about the mouth, the lip ferruginous; prothorax subtransverse, with scattered impressed punctures; scutellum broadly transverse; elytra very gradually rounded to the apex, coarsely punctured, the punctures smaller posteriorly, the apex of each elytron rounded; body beneath and legs reddish-pitchy, sparsely pubescent; antennæ longer than the body, covered with loose greyish hairs.
Length 6 lines.
Ægomomus vexatus.
Æ. subangustus, æneo-piceus, sparse griseo-pubescens et ochraceo- maculatus; prothorace æquato, punctis remotis adspersis, utrinque ochraceo-pubescente.
Hab.—Saylee.
Narrow, dark brown, tinged with brassy, and thinly covered with a greyish pubescence mixed with patches of ochraceous hairs; head with a few deep punctures in front, and clothed with longish ochraceous hairs; prothorax as long or longer than broad, the disc rather convex, with a few large punctures, the sides with patches of ochraceous hairs; scutellum transverse; elytra sparingly punctured at the base, gradually becoming nearly impunctate towards the apex, with several scattered ochraceous spots; body beneath and legs reddish-brown, thinly pubescent; antennæ longer
than the body, pale reddish-brown, clothed with grey and reddish hairs intermixed.
Length 5 lines.
Ægomomus valgus.
Æ. oblongus, piceus, griseo-pubescens, maculis griseis ochraceisque variegatus; prothorace æquato, lateribus in medio parallelis, disco convexo; tibiis posticis curvatis.
Hab.—Dorey.
Oblong, light pitchy, with a greyish pubescence more condensed and forming spots occasionally, and with ochraceous spots intermixed; head roughly clothed with ochraceous and grey hairs; prothorax with greyish and ochraceous hairy patches, nearly concealing the few coarse punctures on the disc; scutellum very transverse, slightly pointed behind; elytra nearly parallel or only very slightly rounded at the sides, punctures scattered, and rather smaller towards the apex, covered with spots of greyish and ochraceous; body beneath and legs reddish-pitchy, sparingly pubescent, the hind tibiæ short and curved; antennæ as long as the body, slender, covered with longish grey hairs.
Length 4 lines.
Ægomomus petechialis.
Æ. brunneo-luteus, sparse pubescens; prothorace transverso; elytris tenuiter griseis, fulvo-maculatis, apice rotundatis.
Hab.—Morty.
Brownish-luteous, with a very thin greyish pubescence; head rather narrow, mesial line well marked, a few punctures between the eyes, the front rather closely covered with greyish hairs; palpi rusty-testaceous; prothorax much broader than long, convex, with a few coarse punctures on the disc; scutellum transverse; elytra coarsely punctured, rather broad at the base, narrowing posteriorly, and speckled with numerous small fulvous spots, the apex rounded; body beneath light chesnut-brown, the three intermediate abdominal segments paler, with a very thin pubescence; legs and antennæ brownish-luteous, thinly sprinkled with fulvous.
Length 4¼ lines.
Ægomomus infelix.
Æ. luteus, tenuiter griseo-pubescens; prothorace subtransverso; elytris griseo-nebulosis, apice singulorum rotundato.
Hab.—Gilolo, Batchian.
Luteous, with a very thin greyish pubescence; head coarsely
punctured in front, with a very fine mesial line; palpi rusty testaceous; prothorax subtransverse, coarsely punctured on each side, the punctures less frequent in the middle; scutellum transverse; elytra rather narrow at the base, the sides for about two-thirds of their length nearly parallel, the apex of each slightly rounded, punctures rather coarse, more crowded at the base, the pubescence near the scutellum and again behind the middle thinner than the rest; body beneath pale reddish, slightly pubescent; legs and antennæ with scattered greyish hairs, on the latter occasionally collected and forming obscure spots.
Length 4 lines.
Ægomomus insularis.
Nyphona insularis, Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, v. 39.
Æ. oblongus, piceus, pube grisea ochraceo-variegatus; prothorace subtransverso; elytris plaga irregulari pone medium albescente et fusco-marginata.
Hab.—Sumatra? Aru, Bouru, Batchian, Amboyna, Flores, Lombok, Ternate, Timor.
Oblong, pitchy, covered with a coarse and varied ochraceous and greyish pubescence having more or less of a patchy or spotted appearance; head rather coarsely and closely clothed with pale ochraceous hairs; prothorax subtransverse, the lateral tooth produced, punctures on the disc few and coarse; scutellum subtriangular, obtuse at the apex; elytra slightly rounded at the sides, coarsely and sparingly punctured at the base, the apex rounded; body beneath dark brown, the pectus with a sparse greyish pubescence, the abdomen clothed with long, pale ferruginous hairs; legs pitchy, with patches of greyish hairs, the anterior tarsi black, varied with grey; antennæ rather shorter than the body, varied with little patches of ochraceous and grey.
Length 4—5 lines.
Ægomomus musivus.
Æ. oblongus, piceus, pube elongata grisea ochraceo-variegatus; prothorace subtransverso; elytris fortiter punctatis, pone medium plaga irregulari alba et fusco-marginata.
Hab.—Timor, Kaioa.
Closely resembles the last, but with a coarser and longer pubescence and larger punctures, which give a more spotted appearance to the coloration. The Kaioa specimen has more trigonate
VOL. III. THIRD SERIES, PART I.—SEPT. 1864. F
elytra, with the sides slightly incurved behind the shoulders, and the punctures are perhaps not quite so coarse, but there appears to be nothing else to distinguish them.
Length 4 lines.
Ægomomus uniformis.
Æ. rufo-piceus, griseo- et fulvescente-pubescens; prothorace amplo, subtransverso, confertim punctato; elytris basi latioribus, apice subrotundatis, obscure fulvo-maculatis.
Hab.—Bouru.
Reddish-pitchy, rather closely covered with a pale greyish but principally fulvous pile; head rather more quadrate in front, with a fine mesial line, and well clothed with coarse greyish hairs; palpi pale ferruginous; prothorax broad, rounded at the sides but slightly depressed above, rather closely punctured, the punctures partly concealed by the pubescence, this is rather less in the centre, giving the disc the appearance of having an oblong mark; scutellum subtransverse; elytra rather closely and coarsely punctured, broad and slightly depressed at the base, somewhat rapidly narrowing towards the apex, where each elytron is slightly rounded, the disc to the naked eye nearly uniformly grey, but under the lens it is very distinctly spotted with fulvous; body beneath with a close rusty-grey pubescence; legs and antennæ covered with a greyish pile, the latter spotted with pale brown and about a third longer than the body.
Length 6 lines.
Ægomomus elusus.
Æ. pallide olivaceus, griseo-pubescens; prothorace subtransverso sparsim punctato; elytra angustiora, obscure fulvo-maculata, vage punctata, basi excepta, apice singulorum rotundato.
Hab.—Ceram.
Pale olive-yellow, with a somewhat sparse greyish pubescence; head with a very narrow mesial line, coarsely punctured, and thickly clothed with greyish hairs; palpi testaceous; prothorax subtransverse, rather narrow, coarsely punctured, covered with a nearly uniform greyish pile; scutellum transverse; elytra somewhat narrow, the sides very slightly receding towards the apex, rather closely punctured at the base, the punctures very much scattered beyond it, the pile nearly entirely greyish, but under the lens it is seen to be obscurely spotted with paler (i. e., the hairs more closely set); body beneath chesnut-red, with a pale
rusty pubescence; legs and antennæ with a loose greyish pile, the latter a little longer than the body.
Length 5 lines.
Ægomomus truncatus.
Æ. olivaceo-niger, tenuiter griseo-pubescens; prothorace vix transverso, regulari, dente laterali minuto; elytris apice truncatis, lateribus concoloribus.
Hab.—Mysol.
Dark olivaceous, nearly black, with a very thin greyish pubescence; head coarsely punctured, nearly glabrous, with a well-marked mesial line; epistome testaceous; palpi pitchy; prothorax nearly as long as broad, coarsely and sparingly punctured, the lateral tooth very small; scutellum transverse; elytra coarsely punctured, but almost impunctate posteriorly, and nearly glabrous, except a few oblong or oblique patches of greyish hairs, principally behind the middle, the apex truncate or slightly emarginate; body beneath and femora black, thinly pubescent, a greyish fringe bordering the abdominal segments; tibiæ and tarsi with scattered greyish hairs; antennæ a little longer than the body, subglabrous.
Length 4 lines.
ATYPORIS.
Caput antice quadratum, tuberibus antenniferis validis. Oculi fere divisi. Antennæ corpore paulo longiores, setaceæ; scapo obconico, articulis tertio quartoque æqualibus, cæteris gradatim decrescentibus. Prothorax vix transversus, subæquatus, haud tuberculatus, medio subcarinatus vel lævigatus, lateribus modice dentatus. Elytra oblongo-subtrigonata, basi haud cristata, apice integra, granulis nullis. Pedes antici robustiores, intermedii quam postici longiores. Pro- et mesosterna elevata.
The species comprised in this genus have a narrower and less bulky figure than most of the other species belonging to this sub-family. This is principally owing to the more trigonate elytra, which are also more depressed at the base, and without any carinæ or crests. The longitudinal line, more or less elevated, on the prothorax is smooth and without pubescence, and has therefore a more marked appearance, which with the subtrigonate elytra contribute to give the genus a character distinct from its
F 2
allies. Individuals vary considerably in the extent and depth of colour at the base of the posterior margin of the prothorax in all the species; there is a little depressed point on each side of the scutellum, free from pubescence, but in one individual of A. jubata there is no trace of this point.
Atyporis jubata.
A. æreo-fusca, pube grisescente variegata; prothorace medio fusco; elytris medio fascia lata cinerea fulvo-submaculata.
Hab.—Batchian.
Bronze brown, covered with a short close greyish pile; head with a few scattered punctures in front, mesial line narrow; prothorax coarsely punctured, a large well-defined brownish shining patch on the disc; scutellum transverse; elytra very coarsely punctured at the base, a broad pale cinereous band, obscurely spotted with fulvous, occupying considerably more than the middle third, especially towards the base, its posterior border irregular, margined with brown, or this band is only faintly represented posteriorly, the anterior margin entirely disappearing; body beneath luteous brown, with thinly scattered silky hairs; legs brownish-pitchy, with a sparse greyish pile; anterior tarsi broadly trigonate, and fringed in the male; antennæ brown, spotted with pale grey.
Length 4—7 lines.
Atyporis sturnina. (Pl. IV. fig. 7.)
A. nigra, pube dispersa cinerea; elytris pone medium fascia angustata fere obsoleta, basi fulvo-plagiatis.
Hab.—Aru.
Black, with a scattered ashy pile; head remotely punctured, mesial line very slender; prothorax somewhat irregular on the disc, i. e., having a slightly transverse elevation in addition to the median line; scutellum transverse; elytra remotely and irregularly punctured, the base with a few almost obsolete fulvous patches, behind the middle an oblique but very indistinct narrow band, and near the apex another; except towards the base, where there is very little, the pubescence is more or less condensed on the rest of the elytra so as to form small ashy spots; body beneath dark brown, shining, with very little pubescence; legs and antennæ black, with a very slight pubescence.
Length 5 lines.
Atyporis intermissa.
A. æreo-viridescens, pube grisea fusco- et ochraceo-varia; elytris pone medium fascia interrupta irregulari fusca.
Hab.—Dorey.
Bronze-green, covered with a thin short dispersed pile of a dull greyish colour, obscurely mixed with ochraceous and brown; head with a closer yellowish-brown pile, especially on the epistome and lip, the punctures few and well defined; prothorax remotely punctured, the smooth shining space in the centre indefinitely bordered by the pubescence at the sides; scutellum broadly transverse; elytra rather shortly subtrigonate, irregularly and remotely punctured, the punctures closer anteriorly, the base with the pile closer and of a more uniform ochraceous, behind the middle a zig-zag much interrupted band, the angular spaces within the band anteriorly filled in with ochraceous; body beneath and legs dull brown, with a sparse greyish pile; antennæ about half as long again as the body, covered with a greyish-yellow pubescence.
Length 6 lines.
Atyporis perversa.
A. fusca, pube grisea fusco-varia; elytris medio subcinereo-plagiatis, apicem versus griseo-ochraceis.
Hab.—Batchian.
A female specimen only, resembles the last, but has no metallic tint, and the zig-zag imperfect band is replaced by an obscure ashy patch on a more uniform brownish pile, and towards the apex by a dull greyish ochraceous; body beneath and legs pale chesnut-brown, with a thin but very regular greyish pubescence; antennæ a little longer than the body (♀), brownish pubescent, with a few greyish spots.
Length 6 lines.
Atyporis molesta.
A. picea, pube pallide grisea cinereo-varia; prothorace medio linea angustata; elytris pone medium fasciis duabus fuscis flexuosis.
Hab.—Dorey.
Pitchy, covered with a tolerably dense pile of greyish varied with small patches of pale ashy; head coarsely and remotely punctured, greyish-brown; prothorax with coarse scattered punctures, greyish, obscurely clouded with fulvous, the median
longitudinal line very narrow; scutellum transverse; elytra remotely punctured, the punctures varying in size and very irregular, behind the middle two dark brown flexuous and ill-defined bands, at the sides, behind the shoulders, two brownish patches; body beneath greyish-brown, with pale silky hairs; legs covered with a mixed grey and brownish pile; antennæ brownish, with small spots of grey.
Length 7 lines.
ESCHARODES.
Caput mediocre, antice transversum, tuberibus antenniferis validis. Oculi parvi, profunde emarginati. Antennæ corpore longiores, validæ, setaceæ, maculis pubescentibus vestitæ, vix ciliatæ; scapo brevi, subclavato, articulis tertio quartoque magis longioribus, cæteris subæqualibus, ultimo apice curvato. Prothorax capite multo latior, longitudine latitudini æqualis, utrinque tumidus, carina longitudinali medio instructus, lateribus antice bidentatus. Elytra irregularia, granulifera, basi latiora, lateribus sensim decrescentia, apice truncata. Prosternum postice dentatum. Mesosternum parvum, elevato-dentatum, postice bifidum. Coxæ anticæ maribus spina brevi recurva. Pedes validi, antici maribus subelongati; protibiæ rectæ; tarsi breves, articulo penultimo latiori.
The strongly marked mesial ridge on the prothorax will distinguish this genus from Axiothea (post, p. 72), to which it is nearly allied, but from which it also differs in the form of its prothorax, elytra, protibiæ, and the presence of spines on the anterior coxæ of the males. I have been very much puzzled with the first two species. No two congeneric forms can apparently be more distinct, but then intervening forms occur, which, with the exception of the mesial ridge (and not always then), offer scarcely any definite characters. Even the tooth on the anterior femora is absent in one specimen which there can be no hesitation in placing with E. carinicollis; and there are others where the description given for that species has only a partial application, varying more or less in each: these remarks are purposely confined to the males. Nevertheless (and subject to this explanation) I think it will be better to furnish the two forms with distinctive appellations. They appear to be very common where they occur, and the two will doubtless be found very difficult to separate. The colour varies from grey to pale ashy, which is more or less extended at the expense of the brown, and this sometimes, at least in E. carinicollis,
depends almost entirely on the amount of pubescence covering the derm.
Escharodes interruptus. (Pl. V. fig. 1.)
E. fuscus, griseo-varius; prothorace carina medio-interrupta, lateribus turgidis; femoribus anticis subcompressis, margine superiori producto.
Hab.—Morty, Gilolo.
Pubescence brown, varied with grey; head with a thin greyish pile, and a few scattered rugose punctures in front, median line confined to the vertex, a well-marked ridge on each side of it and another over the eye; epistome yellowish, lip smoky brown; mandibles black; palpi ferruginous; prothorax with the ridge interrupted, or not rising into a line in the middle, the sides turgid, and rugose from small tubercles; scutellum transverse; elytra rather elongate, with broad grey flexuous bands more or less confluent at the suture, seriate-punctate, the granules arranged in three lines, which are elevated at the base, but fading out towards the apex; body beneath with a thin greyish pubescence, spotted with brown on the breast and sides; legs rather long, dark brown mottled with grey, the basal joint of the tarsi grey, anterior femora subcompressed, the upper edge produced; antennæ about a third longer than the body, dark brown, the basal joints spotted with grey, the rest with grey at their junctions.
Length 11 lines.
Escharodes carinicollis.
E. fuscus, griseo-varius; prothorace carina haud interrupta, lateribus turgidis; femoribus anticis margine superiori dente valido instructis.
Hab.—Aru, Batchian, Dorey, Gilolo.
Glabrous, brown with grey pubescent patches; head as in E. interruptus, but the lip considerably shorter; prothorax with a strongly marked continuous ridge, the sides turgid and very rugosely tuberculate; scutellum transverse; elytra considerably shorter than in E. interruptus, the grey patches more distinctly separated from the brown and less confluent, and the granules on the most basal of the lateral patches very much larger; body beneath with a scanty pubescence; legs shorter than in E. Interruptus, darker and less pubescent, and the antennæ more slender.
Length 9 lines.
Escharodes paganus.
E. fuscus, vel fusco-ferrugineus; prothorace medio fortiter carinato, lateribus granulorum lineis tribus elevatis; elytris basi carinato-granulatis.
Hab.—Aru.
Dark brown, or sometimes fulvous brown; head greyish in front with large black granules, median line extending nearly to the epistome, on the vertex a straight ridge on each side, and a shorter oblique one over each eye; mandibles black; palpi reddish-pitchy; prothorax subtransverse, mesial ridge strongly marked, with three rows of granules on each side; scutellum rounded behind; elytra coarsely punctured and covered with scattered granules, which are larger and chiefly set on two short basal ridges and on the shoulders, a few greyish specks posteriorly, sometimes a very distinct greyish patch at the side about the middle; body beneath with a thin rusty pubescence; legs rather short, dark brown; antennæ not much longer than the body, slender, dark brown.
Length 7 lines.
Escharodes criminosus.
E. fuscus; prothorace granulato, medio fortiter carinato; elytris vix granulatis.
Hab.—Saylee.
Dark brown; head coarsely punctured in front, a fine median line nearly to the epistome, two interrupted ridges on each side of the vertex; lip and epistome black with rusty hairs; palpi ferruginous; prothorax quite as long as broad, the median ridge strongly marked, disc at the sides somewhat turgid and covered with closely-set coarse granules; scutellum transverse; elytra coarsely punctured, a few granules only at the base, where there are also traces of two short ridges, the sides with greyish reticulated lines, one series before the middle, another directly behind it; body beneath with a very sparse ferruginous pile; legs rather short, dark brown; antennæ half as long again as the body, slender.
Length 6 lines.
AXIOTHEA.
Caput antice transversum, tuberibus antenniferis validis. Oculi parvi, profunde emarginati. Antennæ corpori æquales, attenuatæ, pubescentes, vix ciliatæ; scapo brevi subclavato,
articulis tertio quartoque curvatis æqualibus scapo longioribus, cæteris brevioribus et subæqualibus, ultimo hamato. Mandibulæ validæ. Prothorax transversus, capite multo latior, granulosus et irregularis, lateribus tuberculatus. Elytra latiora, granulifera, basi subcristata, lateribus sensim rotundata, apice integra, humeris producta. Prosternum elevatum, postice dentatum. Mesosternum elevatum, antice dentatum. Pedes mediocres; protibæ flexuosæ; tarsi breves, angusti.
I have already (p. 70) pointed out in what respects this genus differs from Escharodes, its nearest ally. The first described species differs very much in the depth of its colours, the dark brown being replaced by light brown, and this again by grey, the median patch only showing feebly. With regard to A. distincta, its colour is also variable, but it may be readily distinguished from A. strenua by the smaller and more scattered granules. Axiothea invida is characterized by a well-marked basal crest on each elytron; in the first two species it is little more than a raised line. This also appears to be very variable as to colour.
Axiothea strenua.
A. fuscescens; elytris basin versus fuscis, plaga magna mediana obliqua pallide grisea.
Hab.—Amboyna, Batchian, Morty, Mysol, Kaioa.
Mostly pale brown; head dull brown, with scattered punctures in front, median line slightly marked and confined to the vertex; lip and mandibles black; prothorax much broader than the head, very irregular, with small scattered granules; scutellum scarcely transverse, rounded behind; elytra much broader than the prothorax at the base, covered at regular intervals with small black glossy granules, the base generally pale, then darker brown, shading into the pale grey or whitish patch at the side about the middle, then dark brown becoming paler towards the apex; body beneath with a thin pale greyish pubescence; legs and antennæ brown, spotted with grey.
Length 8—10 lines.
Axiothea distincta. (Pl. IV. fig. 6.)
A. pallide cervina; elytris basin versus et plagis duabus posticis fuscis, fascia lata mediana albo-grisea.
Hab.—Ceram.
Pale fawn-grey; head yellowish-brown, with scattered punc-
tures, median line confined to the vertex; epistome and lip closely covered with long brownish hairs; mandibles black; prothorax pale fawn, with a brown patch on each side at the base, granules small and scattered; scutellum rounded behind; elytra with a very dark brown triangular patch on each side near the base, followed by a broad oblique band, fawn-coloured at the suture and side, but between nearly white, then a dark brown small oblique patch, and towards the apex a round dark spot; body beneath covered by a compact greyish-yellow pubescence; legs and antennæ brownish, spotted with grey.
Length 10 lines.
Axiothea invida.
A. murina vel nigra; elytris plaga laterali mediana alba.
Hab.—Batchian.
Greyish-brown, or (in one specimen) nearly entirely dull black; head with scattered punctures in front, the median line confined to the vertex; lip dark brown; mandibles black; prothorax more transverse, very irregular, a slightly raised cruciform protuberance in the middle, granules few and scattered; scutellum rather pointed behind; elytra covered with prominent scattered glossy black granules, the basal ridges less marked, except the innermost, which is raised into a very decided crest, about the middle and at the side a very distinct white patch; body beneath reddish-chesnut, with a thin greyish pile; legs and antennæ brown, spotted with grey.
Length 6 lines.
SOTADES.
Caput antice subtransversum, tuberibus antenniferis validis, basi vix approximatis. Oculi parvi, in partes duas æquales fere divisi. Antennæ maribus corpore longiores, feminis æquales, validæ, sublineares, ciliatæ, dense pubescentes; scapo pyriformi, articulo tertio scapo duplo longiore, quarto et cæteris brevioribus, ultimo apice maribus curvato. Mandibulæ robustæ. Prothorax rugosus, latitudine et longitudine æqualis vel transversus, antice angustior, capite latior, elytris paulo latior. Elytra oblonga, lateribus fere parallela, apice sub-integra, vel spinâ suturali. Pro- et mesosterna elevata, rotun-data. Coxæ anticæ maribus breviter spinosæ. Pedes robusti, antici elongati; tibiæ curvatæ, præsertim anticæ; tarsi lati. Abdominis segmentis subæqualibus, ultimo truncato.
Four coarse uncouth-looking species comprising this genus are in the collection. In addition to the diagnoses that may be gathered from the table (ante, p. 58), the absence of armature at the sides of the prothorax will serve at once to distinguish it from Escharodes and Axiothea, its nearest allies. The species of Sotades have all a black shining derm, closely covered with short flat hairs or scales of various shades of grey, with the usual irregular oblique patch or band just behind the middle, which characterizes so many of this sub-family. It may be observed, however, that these scales appear very liable to be rubbed off. From amongst this pubescence numerous small black shining granules crop up.
Sotades platypus. (Pl. VI. fig. 4.)
S. grisescente-squamosus; prothorace æquali, apice lineis duabus transversim impressis; antennis subfiliformibus, incrassatis.
Hab.—Ternate, Kaioa, Morty.
Closely covered with a pale greyish scaly pubescence, except where the granules appear; head with numerous small granules in front, almost buried in short thickly-set scales, a whitish patch below the eye, the median line confined to the back of the vertex; epistome lemon-yellow, short; lip narrowed at the base; mandibles black; palpi pitchy; prothorax about equal in length and breadth, irregular with mostly transversely-oblong granules, two depressed lines towards the apex, the anterior the most marked; scutellum transversely scutiform; elytra very convex, the granules mostly in lines, behind the middle an irregular zig-zag paler patch mixed with dark brown towards the suture; body beneath grey, spotted with brown; legs very robust, the femora finely granulated; tarsi broad, all covered with a rather delicate pile, sprinkled with darker grey; antennæ with the thickness of the joints diminishing very slightly towards the apex, about a third longer than the body in the male, brownish with very distinct grey spots.
Length 14 lines.
Sotades caprinus.
S. griseo-squamosus; prothorace æquali, apice haud lineato; elytris granulis sparsis vestitis; antennis setaceis.
Hab.—Morty, Batchian.
Covered with a dark-grey pubescence; head dark brown, with coarse depressed points and without granules, a few scattered
pale greyish hairs in front, a whitish patch below the eye; median line well marked, extending to between the eyes; epistome and lip rather short; mandibles black; palpi pitchy; prothorax equal in length and breadth, with numerous granules of varied size, no depression anteriorly; scutellum rounded behind; elytra brownish-grey, paler at the base, an oblique pale patch behind the middle, followed by another towards the apex; granules few and confined nearly to the basal half; body beneath with a thin greyish pubescence; legs and antennæ brown with greyish spots, the latter setaceous, and about a quarter as long again as the body.
Length (♂) 10 lines; (♀) 12 lines.
Sotades fatidicus.
S. fuscescente-pubescens; prothorace æquali, apice haud lineato; elytris granulis numerosis vestitis; antennis setaceis.
Hab.—Kaioa.
Covered with a thin darkish-brown pubescence; head dark brown, coarsely punctured in front, each puncture with a single white hair at its base, median line well marked, a whitish patch below the eye; epistome and lip rather short, the former yellowish; mandibles glossy black; palpi pitchy; prothorax equal in length and breadth, with transversely oblong granules, no impressed line in front; scutellum transverse, rounded behind; elytra darkish brown, a greyish oblique patch behind the middle, and two or three less distinct towards the apex, granules numerous, rather closely set; body beneath and legs dark chesnut, with a very few scattered hairs only; antennæ a little longer than the body, setaceous, slightly sprinkled with greyish.
Length 9 lines.
Sotades agrestis.
S. griseo-pubescens; prothorace transverso; antennis setaceis.
Hab.—Ternate.
Pubescence brownish-grey; head dark ferruginous brown, rugosely tuberculate in front, two or three greyish spots below the eye, median line distinct; lip and epistome rather short, covered with yellowish-brown hairs; mandibles black; palpi pitchy; prothorax transverse, the granules small and somewhat scattered; scutellum rounded behind; elytra brownish-grey, with a pale oblique patch nearly at the middle, and irregular indistinct spots behind it, granules scattered over the whole elytra, but
becoming smaller and less frequent towards the apex; body beneath greyish, speckled with brown; legs brown, speckled with grey; antennæ about as long as the body, brown with grey spots.
Length 12—13 lines.
SYMPHYLETES.
Symphyletes, Newman, The Entom. i. 362.
Caput antice subquadratum, tuberibus antenniferis approximatis vel distantibus. Oculi profunde emarginati. Antennæ corpori æquales, vel multo breviores, vel multo longiores, ciliatæ vel fere glabræ; scapo pyriformi vel obconico, articulo tertio scapo duplo vel triplo longiore, quarto cæterisque brevioribus plus minusve decrescentibus, articulo ultimo apice sæpe curvato. Prothorax subtransversus, raro quadratus, aliquando rugosus, dente minuto antice instructo, rarissime obsoleto. Elytra oblonga, generaliter subparallela, æquata vel basi cristata, apice integra vel emarginata vel truncata. Pedes modice robusti, coxæ anticæ maribus aliquando spinosæ. Pro- et mesosterna elevata.
It will be seen from the above how difficult it is to formulate, with any degree of precision, the characters of a large longicorn genus. I have thirty-six species now before me, all Australian, except the three described below, each of which is very distinct or even isolated, as is the case with some others which have been referred to the genus. It is, however, to be observed that Symphyletes is a very heterogeneous genus, but it would only retain S. nodosus, Newm., the type, if it were to be divided, and then seven or eight more genera would have to be formed. At the same time Penthea and Rhytiphora are scarcely to be distinguished from Symphyletes as it stands at present. The question is, does this group form only a single genus of highly individualised species, or is it a collection of many genera? I believe if the same principles are applied as to other genera, especially of European Coleoptera, that the question must be answered in the second alternative.
Symphyletes Wallacei.
S. rufo-castaneus, pube fulvida tectus; prothorace inermi, fasciolis castaneis fulvisque alternatis; elytris subelongatis, pauci-granulatis, apice oblique emarginatis, lateribus albofulvoque marginatis.
Hab.—Matabello.
Reddish-chesnut, with a short fulvous pubescence slightly mixed with grey; head greyish-fulvous in front, with two fulvous lines on each side of the vertex, mesial line well marked; prothorax nearly impunctate, subtransverse, the base and apex of equal breadth, the sides slightly irregular, several narrow but well-marked lines of chesnut and fulvous crossing transversely, the chesnut portions clothed with a very thin greyish pile; scutellum somewhat scutiform but broad at the base, the sides incurved, the apex broadly truncate; elytra very regular, rather elongate, much broader than the prothorax at the base, the sides gradually decreasing posteriorly, the apex broadly and obliquely emarginate with the external angle projecting, a few depressed granules concolorous with the derm and chiefly confined to the sides, the external border on each side with a broad white stripe blotched with fulvous; body beneath with a fulvous pile, the derm here and there showing itself in small spots; antennæ scarcely longer than the body, brown clothed with fulvous hairs, and closely fimbriated beneath; legs also brown, with a fulvous pile.
Length 11 lines.
Symphyletes pustulosus.
S. rufo-luteus, pube grisea fulvaque tectus; capite prothoraceque fuscis, lineis ochraceis ornatis, hoc dente minuto instructo; elytris subcylindricis, pauci-granulatis, apice infuscatis, rotundatis, ante medium griseo-plagiatis.
Hab.—Aru.
Reddish-luteous with a pile varying in closeness, yellowish or ochraceous and grey; head dark chesnut-brown, beautifully striped with ochraceous, longitudinally on the vertex, but transversely below the eyes, the front with a greyish pile, mesial line very narrow; prothorax transverse, the sides nearly parallel, chesnut-brown with a thin greyish pubescence and marked with intricate ochraceous lines; scutellum broadly scutiform; elytra subcylindrical, thinly covered with a yellowish pile, except a large patch of close greyish hairs before the middle nearly forming a band across, and having a few glossy granules of the same colour as the derm, the apex rounded and dark brown at the margin; body beneath reddish-chesnut, lighter on the abdomen, with little intricate lines and spots of ochraceous; antennæ a little longer than the body, clothed with yellowish hairs and not fimbriated beneath; legs short with a yellowish pile, and having a black ring on the distal extremity of the femora.
Length 8 lines.
Symphyletes squamosus.
S. piceus, griseo-squamosus; prothorace irregulari, dente laterali valido, acuto; elytris apice truncatis, margine exteriori alboplagiatis.
Hab.—Dorey.
Pitchy-black, covered with short appressed greyish scales, by which it may be known from all others of the genus; head broad in front and slightly concave, the mesial line slender; palpi pitchy; prothorax transverse, sparingly punctured, the disc somewhat irregular, the lateral tooth well marked and acute; scutellum slightly pointed; elytra oblong, coarsely punctured, the interspaces between the punctures at the base being here and there raised into granuliform glabrous eminences, the side anteriorly with a pure white oblique patch composed of very densely-set hairs, the apex truncate or slightly emarginate; body beneath brown with coarse grey hairs; legs and antennæ covered with a brownish-grey pile interspersed with whitish hairs, the latter a little longer than the body.
Length 5 lines.
ECZEMOTES.
Caput antice subtransversum, tuberibus antenniferis validis. Oculi mediocres, profunde emarginati. Antennæ corpore breviores, setaceæ, maculis pubescentibus vestitæ, haud ciliatæ; scapo subelongato, modice attenuato, articulo tertio scapo multo longiore, cæteris gradatim decrescentibus. Prothorax transversus, æquatus, postice latior, granulatus, lateribus antice bidentatus, capite multo latior. Elytra ampla, æquata, granulata, lateribus fere parallela, postice rotundata, apice truncata. Prosternum elevatum, rotundatum, canaliculatum. Mesosternum elevato-dentatum, postice truncatum. Pedes validi; tibiæ anticæ subcurvatæ, modice elongatæ.
The type of this genus is Penthea conferta, Pasc.; but although from the true Pentheæ it is different in habit and coloration, I can find no primary character by which to separate it technically, except the toothed prosternum as contrasted with the rounded prosternum of Penthea. As secondary characters we have the prothorax broader at the base than at the apex, and the elytra entirely destitute of the elevated lines that distinguish every species of Penthea, P. granulosa, Guérin, alone excepted, but which is probably not a true Penthea. The three species described below are tolerably homogeneous, except that
E. agnata departs slightly from the others in the narrower and more irregular prothorax. The head in all is considerably narrower than the prothorax, which, again, is also, notwithstanding its breadth at the base, much narrower than the elytra.
Eczemotes conferta.
Penthea conferta, Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc., ser. 2, v. 40.
E. pube fuscescente-grisea et pallide grisea varia; prothorace postice transversim bi-impresso; elytris apice truncatis.
Hab.—Aru.
Derm pitchy-black, covered with a very short brownish-grey pile varied with pale grey, and having the whole of the upper surface, including the first joint of the antennæ and femora, dotted with numerous black shining granules, each having at its base posteriorly a short stiff hair; head with several granules anteriorly, the median line nearly obsolete; prothorax with two broad transverse impressions posteriorly (exclusive of the ordinary marginal line); scutellum transverse, rounded behind; elytra truncate at the apex, behind the middle an oblique pale cinereous patch, sometimes a few patches also anteriorly; body beneath and legs with an irregular ochraceous pile; antennæ brown, sprinkled with ochraceous.
Length 10—12 lines.
Eczemotes atomaria. (Pl. IV. fig. 4.)
E. pube pallide cinerea et cinerea varia; prothorace postice transversim impresso; elytris apice truncatis.
Hab.—Kaioa.
Derm pitchy-black, covered with a very pale ashy pile varied with darker ashy blotches, and furnished, especially on the prothorax and elytra, with still more numerous black glossy granules, with a short stiff hair at the base of each; head punctured in front, with few granules, a double row, however, on the vertex, no median line; prothorax with only one impression anteriorly (exclusive of the usual marginal line); scutellum transverse, rounded behind; elytra truncate at the apex, patches of a smoky grey, especially at the sides, varying the very pale ashy of the remainder; body beneath dark brown, shining, with an extremely delicate greyish pile; legs and antennæ brown, sprinkled with ashy.
Length 12 lines.
Eczemotes agnata.
E. picea, pube ferruginea tecta; prothorace irregulari, antice linea transversa impressa, disco duobus tuberculis vix elevatis.
Hab.—Saylee.
Dark pitchy-brown, thinly covered with a short ferruginous pile, a few black glossy granules on the base of the elytra only; head coarsely punctured in front, four lines of yellowish-ferruginous hairs on the vertex, the median line narrow but deeply impressed; prothorax irregular, especially at the sides, a transverse sulcation anteriorly, another behind, between them two flattish bosses, one of the teeth at the side produced; scutellum transverse, rounded behind; elytra truncate at the apex, the outer angle produced, the granules confined to the basal half, the rest coarsely punctured; body beneath brown, with a thin yellowish-ferruginous pile; legs and antennæ brown, with a sprinkling of ferruginous.
Length 10 lines.
ÆLARA.
Ælara, J. Thoms., Syst. Ceramb. p. 55.
Caput antice subtransversum, tuberibus antenniferis distantibus. Oculi mediocres, profunde emarginati. Antennæ corpore breviores vel vix longiores, setaceæ; scapo ovato, articulo tertio quarto haud longiore, cæteris gradatim brevioribus. Prothorax capite latior, subtransversus, rugosus vel irregularis, dentibus lateralibus tuberculiformibus. Elytra oblonga vel subcylindrica, apice truncata. Mesosternum elevatum. Pedes æquales, breves; femora vix clavata; tibiæ posticæ et intermediæ tarsis breviores.
The following, the only species of Ælara in Mr. Wallace's Collection, was published by me some time ago under the name of Niphona arrogans; but there are several others from the Continent, such as N. Ferdinandi, N. cylindracea, N. pannosa, N. excisa, &c. The first of these has been recently separated from Niphona by M. James Thomson under the name here adopted, and the others just mentioned are undoubtedly congeneric. In both genera the tibiæ of the posterior and intermediate legs are shorter than their respective tarsi. M. Mulsant attributes to Niphona 12-jointed antennæ, the last almost rudimentary; but I have not been able to realize this character.
VOL. III. THIRD SERIES, PART I.—SEPT. 1864. G
Ælara arrogans. (Pl. IV. fig. 5.)
Niphona arrogans, Pascoe, Journ. of Entom. i. 338.
Æ. fusca, griseo-pubescens, varia; prothorace medio sex-cristato; elytris elongatis, rude punctatis, basi subcristatis, apice emarginatis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Dark brown, with a pale greyish pubescence, varied with darker grey or light brown; head greyish with a few scattered punctures; mandibles dark brown; palpi luteous; prothorax pale brownish and grey, or greyish and fulvous posteriorly, the disc with a series of six short longitudinal crests, forming a curved line sweeping round from the two lateral tubercles to near the base; scutellum small, transverse; elytra rugosely subplicate longitudinally, with numerous coarse crowded punctures, gradually tapering from the base, and a little prolonged posteriorly, the apex deeply emarginate; in one specimen the colour is lighter, the grey on the elytra being partially replaced by white; body beneath covered with a dull grey pile; legs varied with grey and brown; antennæ nearly as long as the body in the male, much shorter in the female, brown, obscurely spotted with grey.
Length 10—11 lines.
ISCHIOPLITES.
Ischioplites, J. Thoms., Syst. Ceramb. p. 53.
Caput antice transversum, tuberibus antenniferis distantibus. Oculi ampli, profunde emarginati. Antennæ validæ, corpore paulo longiores; scapus modice clavatus, articulo tertio scapo longiore, quarto et quinto gradatim brevioribus, cæteris æqualibus, ultimo apice recto. Prothorax tumidus, irregularis, lateribus fere obsolete tuberculatus. Elytra oblonga, apice emarginata. Pedes robusti; protibiæ curvatæ, intus dentatæ. Coxæ antice maribus spinosæ. Mesosternum antice productum.
When the single species composing this genus was published, I referred it to Symphyletes; it has, however, a habit different from any of the species of that genus, and the presence of a strong tooth on the anterior tibiæ of the male is a sufficient justification for separating it. The spine on the anterior coxæ is unusually long, and of course is not present in the female.
Ischioplites metutus.
Symphyletes metutus, Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, v. 40.
I. pube grisea fuscaque mixtus, et ochraceo-irroratus; elytris apice extus spinosis.
Hab.—Aru, Dorey.
Pubescence dark brown, varied with whitish or greyish and spotted with ochraceous; head with glossy ovate tubercles in front, mixed with ochraceous hairs, these form lines round the eyes and on the vertex; lip and epistome short; mandibles glossy black; palpi pitchy; prothorax irregularly tumid, transversely sulcated near the base, and a little depressed at the apex, covered with a thin ochraceous pile, mixed with irregular glossy tubercles; scutellum subtransverse, rounded behind; elytra broad at the shoulder, diminishing with a gently rounded outline to the apex, which is strongly emarginate with the outer angle produced, the base with several small glossy-black granules, on each elytron there are four slightly elevated lines, the two outer and the two inner meeting near the apex, the side with four or five light greyish or white patches spotted with ochraceous, which by their union form a large semicircular blotch with its convexity towards the suture, another patch of light grey and ochraceous on each side the scutellum, and a third common to both elytra behind, sometimes, also, other patches near the apex; body beneath, legs and antennæ more or less thinly spotted with grey; spine of the anterior coxæ nearly as long as the femora.
Length 12 lines (♀ 10 lines).
ABRYNA.
Abryna, Newman, The Entom. i. 289.
Caput antice subtransversum, latissimum, medio carinatum, vertice elevato, tuberibus antenniferis distantibus. Oculi mediocres, profunde emarginati. Antennæ corpore vix longiores; scapus modice clavatus, articulo tertio scapo longiore, cæteris gradatim brevioribus. Mandibulæ magnæ. Prothorax transversus, fortiter lateribus bidentatus. Elytra oblonga, apice truncata vel rotundata. Mesosternum elevatum, antice productum. Abdomen segmentis subæqualibus. Pedes robusti, antici longiores; tarsi dilatati, articulo ultimo mediocri.
Mr. Newman founded this genus on a Manilla longicorn, the Abryna cœnosa; to this he successively added four other species, which he referred to the same genus. Three of these I have since proposed to separate under the generic name of Aprophata (Journ. of Entom. i. 342), which, from their small humeral angles, seem to approach the Dorcadioninæ. The Baron de Paiva has also published a fine Cambodian species under the name of Abryna Regis Petri,* and with those described below the
* Descripção de dois Insectos Coleopteros de Camboja, 1860. I protest against double specific names, such as Niphona Regis Ferdinandi and Abryna Regis Petri. It seems to me that any such invasion of the binomial system of nomenclature should be resisted, and the names be either ignored altogether, or modified by limitation to the least objectionable of the two words intended to form the specific name.
G 2
number of known species will be raised to five. Of the two recently published by Professor Westwood, one (Abryna Semperi, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 3, i. 630) evidently belongs to Aprophata.
Abryna buccinator.
A. fusca, subnitida, pube grisea plagiata et irrorata; prothorace capite paulo angustiori; elytris apice truncatis.
Hab.—Sumatra.
Dark brown, almost inclining to olive, and somewhat glossy, with a very sparse greyish pubescence, except where the spots and patches occur; head large and very broad, especially below the eyes; epistome and lip elongate, pale yellowish; mandibles and palpi pitchy; prothorax rather narrower than the head (not broader, as in A. Petri), subtransverse, with the pubescence much scattered, the upper tooth forming more of an angle from the side (less of a tubercle than in A. Petri); scutellum rounded behind; elytra rather irregularly punctured, the pubescence condensed on parts to form spots and patches, the former are scattered in the intervals of the patches; these, as in the other species, form two irregular bands, interrupted, however, at the suture, and a few confluent somewhat indefinite blotches towards the apex, there is also a still more indefinite condensation at the base, the apex truncate; body beneath with a thin ochraceous-greyish pile, especially on the abdomen; legs spotted with greyish; antennæ, except at the base, almost glabrous.
Length 11 lines.
Abryna rubeta.
A. fusca, subnitida; elytris fasciis duabus rufo-griseo-pubescentibus ornatis, apice rotundatis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Dark brown, subnitid, pubescence mostly in patches; head with rather a coarse but thinnish grey pile; lip and epistome short, covered with grey hairs; mandibles black; palpi dark brown; prothorax about the breadth of the head, subtransverse, covered with a dull greyish pile; scutellum small, rounded behind; elytra irregularly punctured, generally two or three pale hairs at the bottom of each puncture, with two broad wavy bands
—one before, the other behind the middle—composed of densely-set reddish-grey hairs, between the two bands and behind the second several scattered spots of the same character, the apex rounded; body beneath covered with grey hairs, except the middle of each abdominal segment; legs with a yellowish-grey pubescence, especially the posterior and intermediate tibiæ; antennæ dark brown, nearly glabrous.
Length 10 lines.
In coloration this species approaches A. cœnosa, from which it will be at once distinguished by the rounded apex of the elytra.
MœCHOTYPA.
Mœchotypa, J. Thoms., Syst. Ceramb. p. 55.
Caput antice quadratum, tuberibus antenniferis validis, basi approximatis. Oculi profunde emarginati. Antennæ maribus corpore longiores, fœminis breviores; scapo brevi vel pyriformi vel subcylindrico, articulo tertio scapo duplo vel triplo longiore, cæteris plus minusve gradatim decrescentibus. Prothorax subtransversus, irregulariter tuberculatus, lineis duabus transversis impressus. Elytra oblonga, basi cristata vel subcristata, apice rotundata. Pedes validi, modice elongati; tibiæ anticæ subcurvatæ, tarsi dilatati, in maribus fimbriati. Prosternum elevatum, antice perpendiculare.
The species of this genus are more robust than Niphona and differ in several important particulars, especially in the prosternum having its anterior portion perpendicular. Niphona thoracica, Wh., and Niphona suffusa, Pasc., must be referred to it, although the former differs in its somewhat cylindrical scape; it is also peculiar for a singular wedge-shaped cleft in the prothorax. Mœchotypa suffusa (with which M. arida, Thoms. l. c., is probably identical) has three beautiful rose-coloured lines on each elytron, the under parts are also tinged with the same colour, and the two basal joints of the anterior tarsi have a pinkish hue.
Mœchotypa marmorea.
M. fusca; elytris quasi albo-reticulatis; tarsis anticis nigris.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Pile short and closely set on a jet-black derm; head reddish-grey, median line deeply impressed, mandibles and palpi black; prothorax reddish-grey, with a posterior central and two lateral lines, and the base at the sides dark brown; scutellum transverse, rounded behind, dark brown, except a narrow strip on each side;
elytra with the basal crest nearly obsolete, pale greyish, the base dark brown and rather roughly punctured, the rest with very shallow punctures and spotted with light brown, so as to give the grey a reticulated appearance, towards the apex the spots become larger and the grey acquires a reddish tinge; body beneath with a dull reddish-grey pile; legs reddish-grey, the femora ringed with dark brown, the lower portion of the tibiæ nearly entirely dark brown, or almost black, except the posterior, which are only spotted with that colour; tarsi black, except a small part at the base of the second joint of the anterior pair, and nearly the whole of the corresponding joints of the intermediate and posterior, which are greyish; antennæ not quite half as long again as the body, reddish-grey, all the joints, from the third inclusive, dark brown, on the distal half.
Length 11 lines.
EXARRHENUS.
Caput antice subquadratum, tuberibus antenniferis validis, basi approximatis. Oculi divisi. Antennæ corpore longiores; scapo elongato-ovato, articulis tertio et quarto multo longioribus, cæteris brevioribus et subæqualibus, ultimo apice curvato. Prothorax subtransversus, granuliferus, disco bituberosus, dentibus duobus lateralibus fere obsoletis. Elytra oblonga, subparallela, granulifera, lineis subelevatis instructa. Pedes modice elongati, antici robustiores, postici tenuiores, tibiæ anticæ curvatæ, intus dentatæ; coxæ anticæ maribus spinosæ. Mesosternum antice rotundatum.
The fore tibiæ of the males toothed on the inner edge, a peculiarity also found in Xiphotheata, and the granuliferous prothorax, will distinguish this genus, which has also a peculiar aspect owing in part to the elevated lines on the elytra, and the more slender legs and antennæ. From Escharodes (ante, p. 70) it differs at once in its rounded mesosternum.
Exarrhenus egens. (Pl. V. fig. 5.)
E. piceus, pube tenuissima vestitus; elytris albo-variis.
Hab.—Saylee.
Pitchy, the pile exceedingly thin; head with scattered punctures in front, a few whitish hairs below the eyes principally, and a double loop-line on the vertex of ochraceous hairs; lip and epistome short; mandibles glossy black; palpi pale ferruginous; prothorax very slightly transverse, with two large but not elevated
tubers on the disc, and an impressed line between them, thinly covered with an ochraceous pile, from which crop up numerous small glossy-black granules; scutellum small, rounded behind; elytra with a scanty greyish pile, slightly spotted with ochraceous, round the scutellum and at the side large patches of whitish, the base with several glossy-black granules, three or four slightly elevated lines extending to near the apex; body beneath dull chesnut-red, and thinly pubescent; antennæ and legs pitchy, with a few spots of white hairs; the femora with long white hairs.
Length 6—7 lines.
MENYLLUS.
Caput antice subquadratum, tuberibus antenniferis basi vix approximatis. Oculi fere divisi. Antennæ corpore paulo longiores, ciliatæ; scapo pyriformi, articulo quarto tertio longiore, cæteris brevioribus, ultimo apice curvato. Prothorax subquadratus, irregularis. Elytra basi cristata, postice angustiora, apice emarginata. Pedes modice elongati, antici robustiores, postici tenuiores. Coxæ anticæ maribus spinosæ. Mesosternum antice dentatum.
The form of the scape, in conjunction with the irregular prothorax and spined anterior coxæ of the male, will technically distinguish this genus. The table (ante, p. 58) will show how it differs from Escharodes, Ælara and Exarrhenus, to any one of which it might be referred except for certain characters, to which it is necessary to adhere if we would differentiate these genera satisfactorily. In habit Menyllus most closely resembles the Australian genus Platyomopsis, which, however, inter alia, has the antennæ of Symphyletes.
Menyllus maculicornis. (Pl. V. fig. 6.)
M. rufo-piceus, pube albescente tectus; antennis pedibusque albo-maculatis.
Hab.—Aru.
Covered with a thin whitish pile on a reddish-pitchy derm; head pitchy, with a few sparse hairs, sparingly punctured in front, median line slightly impressed; lip and epistome very short, pale ferruginous; mandibles black; prothorax nearly quadrate, the sides irregular, two tubercles on the disc on each side, an oblong naked spot posteriorly between them; scutellum rather narrow, rounded behind; elytra irregularly punctured, the base with a narrow longitudinal crest, crowned with erect hairs, the sides
gradually rounded to the apex, which is sinuately emarginate, at the middle on each elytron but nearly approaching the suture a curved glabrous line, at the side behind and again near the apex two others but less defined (these are probably due to abrasion, those parts of the elytra being elevated and therefore more exposed); body beneath with a thin whitish pile, the abdominal segments margined with ochraceous; antennæ and legs pitchy-brown, with very distinct white spots composed of short closely-set hairs.
Length 8 lines.
DAXATA.
Caput validum, antice quadratum, tuberibus antenniferis apice productis, basi approximatis. Oculi parvi, profunde emarginati. Antennæ corpore longiores, robustæ, ciliatæ; scapo incrassato, pyriformi, articulo tertio scapo magis longiore, quarto tertio breviore, cæteris subæqualibus. Prothorax transversus, lateribus muticus, linea transversa ante medium impressa. Elytra brevia, lata, subparallela, basi singulorum tuberculata. Pedes robusti, tarsi perbreves. Mesosternum antice rotundatum.
In this very distinct genus the lower lip is large and cordiform, and fringed with long yellowish hairs. The scape is unusually thick, the fore tibiæ are enlarged at the extremity, and the tarsi, especially the anterior, are very short. The genus does not appear to have any near ally.
Daxata camelus. (Pl. IV. fig. 2.)
D. fulvescens, nigro-maculata; antennis pedibusque annulatis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Covered with a short, close, clouded dark-fulvous pile, and dotted with small black spots, which are less distinct and more or less confluent on the prothorax; head nearly as broad as the prothorax, covered, except on the vertex, with a fulvous and whitish pile; epistome and lip pale yellow; mandibles and palpi pitchy-brown, shining; prothorax rather broader than long, the sides a little rounded, the disc somewhat irregular, with two transverse sulcations; scutellum obtuse behind; elytra much wider than the prothorax, short and broad, and abruptly rounded at the apex, at the base of each a large elevated conical protuberance; body beneath brown with a pale fulvous pile; legs fulvous, the femora and tibiæ ringed with dark brown; antennæ dark brown, the
bases of all the joints, including the scape, fulvous, the second entirely fulvous.
Length 7 lines.
DYSTASIA.
Caput antice quadratum, tuberibus antenniferis validis, apice productis, basi approximatis. Oculi late emarginati. Antennæ corpore longiores, ciliatæ; scapo subelongato, obconico, apice rotundato et aliquando intus spinoso, articulo tertio scapo vix æquali, quarto breviore, cæteris brevioribus et æqualibus. Prothorax subtransversus, convexus, lateribus muticus, rotundatus. Elytra oblonga, convexa, basi piloso-cristata, apice truncata, humeris productis. Pedes modice robusti; tarsi subangusti. Mesosternum antice productum.
Two well-marked species compose this genus, which is quite distinct from any other in the collection. There is a curious little spine at the apex of the scape in D. semicana, but this appears to be absent in the other species.
Dystasia semicana.
D. brunneo-varia; capite antice albo; elytris dimidio apicali canis.
Hab.—Singapore.
Clothed with a closely-set pile, with long whitish hairs thinly interspersed but more numerous on the legs; head white in front; mandibles black, shining; lip dark brown, covered with white hairs; epistome and palpi testaceous; prothorax pale yellowish-brown, including the crests, the sides and centre inclining to whitish, a black median impressed line posteriorly, and on each side at about the middle a small tubercle; scutellum rounded; elytra rather irregularly punctured, the base yellowish-brown, with a patch of the same colour nearly in the middle, behind this a very pale irregular mark, the rest a cinereous white; body beneath and legs whitish-ashy, the latter clouded with yellowish-brown, the tarsi darker; antennæ yellowish-brown, the basal half of the joints mostly pale-ashy.
Length 8 lines.
Dystasia circulata. (Pl. V. fig. 4.)
D. brunnea, fusco-lineata; capite antice glabro, nigro, longitudinaliter albo-lineato; elytris fascia media, humeros versus curvata, alba.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Clothed with a short pile, a few long hairs on the legs only;
head nearly glabrous, black, shining, with longitudinal lines of white hairs on the vertex in front and on the cheeks; epistome and palpi castaneous, lip dark-brown; mandibles black; prothorax yellowish-brown, with darker stripes, no tubercles nor impressed line; scutellum rounded; elytra coarsely punctured at the base, gradually becoming finer towards the apex, a broad whitish band nearly across the middle, curving forwards to each shoulder, the rest of the elytra brownish, with darker longitudinal lines; body beneath brownish, the mesosternum with a whitish pile; legs and antennæ brown.
Length 7 lines.
MISPILA.
Caput latum, antice subtransversum, tuberibus antenniferis validis, distantibus. Oculi late emarginati. Antennæ maribus corpore fere duplo longiores, fœminis multo breviores, ciliatæ; scapo elongato-ovato, articulo tertio scapo breviore, quarto tertio longiore, cæteris (ultimo excepto) æqualibus, ultimo elongato, apice curvato. Prothorax quadratus, lateribus muticus, disco bigibbosus, ante medium linea transversa impressa. Elytra subtrigonata, subdepressa, apice integra. Pedes modice robusti. Prosternum elevatum. Mesosternum rotundatum. Corpus crinitum.
From Dryusa (post, p. 91) this genus differs in its quadrate prothorax, shorter and more trigonate elytra, stouter legs and antennæ, and is altogether a more robust form.
Mispila venosa. (Pl. V. fig. 2.)
M. fuscescens; elytris basin versus linea alba curvata utrinque triangulariter reflecta; antennis annulatis.
Hab.—Sarawak, Batchian.
Covered with a thin dark-brown pubescence, lighter on the elytra, and numerous small erect hairs; head as broad as the prothorax, strongly punctured in front; lip dark brown; mandibles glossy black; palpi luteous; prothorax quadrate, the sides slightly irregular owing to the two strongly-marked transverse sulcations, the first of these is at a considerable distance from the apex, the second near the base, between these are two humps divided by a longitudinal somewhat-raised line; scutellum slightly obtuse behind; elytra coarsely punctured, considerably broader than the prothorax at the base, and thence gradually tapering
in a slightly rounded outline to the apex, at about a fifth of the length of the elytra from the base a narrow but very distinct curved line of white hairs, reflected obliquely backwards on each side and again bent forwards and crossing the curved line towards the shoulder but not extending to it, behind the middle there is another but very indistinct flexuous line; body beneath dusky brown; legs brown, varied with greyish; antennæ brown, the joints from the third to the tenth inclusive grey at the base.
Length 6 lines.
DRYUSA.
Caput antice subquadratum. Oculi profunde emarginati. Antennæ maribus corpore fere duplo longiores, crinitæ scapo subelongato, sensim incrassato, articulo tertio scapo breviore, quarto tertio fere duplo longiore, cæteris æqualibus (ultimo excepto) magis brevioribus, ultimo elongato. Prothorax fere æqualis, lateribus muticus, postice linea transversim impressa. Elytra oblonga, lateribus apicem versus subrotundata et sensim angustiora. Prosternum elevatum; mesosternum rotundatum. Pedes mediocres; tarsi æquales. Corpus crinitum.
I have already pointed out the distinction between this genus and the last. I may add, that the shorter elytra of Mispila, and therefore of its abdomen, give a backward position to the hind legs that completely alters its habit as contrasted with Dryusa. The species described below are perfectly homogeneous in their appearance. They are all covered with a greyish pile, and sufficiently sparse to allow the derm to mingle its proper hue with it. Besides the pile the whole upper surface and legs are furnished with numerous slender erect hairs, each arising from the base of a puncture, dark brown on the former except at the sides, very pale grey on the latter and sides of the elytra. On the antennæ, except the three basal joints, these hairs are confined to the lower side, there forming the usual fringe. The punctures on the elytra are in reality principally arranged in rows, except near the scutellum; they have somewhat an oblique direction, and are not very obvious; the punctures are of moderate size and strongly marked. The irregular flexuous spots or broken lines that occur on the elytra appear to be occasioned chiefly by the closer condensation of the pile. On the prothorax, the posterior transverse sulcation is well marked, the anterior is much less, and is at a considerable distance from the apex.
Dryusa flexuosa.
D. picea, griseo-pubescens; elytris fasciis serratis tribus pallidioribus; antennis concoloribus.
Hab.—Mysol, Aru, Ceram.
A pitchy derm, with a greyish pubescence, together giving somewhat of a greyish-olive hue to the surface; head with a few coarse punctures in front, no median line; lip and epistome short, the latter much the broadest; mandibles black; palpi luteous; prothorax with a few, almost obsolete, punctures; scutellum transverse; elytra with three zig-zag very pale and obscure transverse lines, the first a little before the middle, the last two behind it; body beneath smoky-brown on the breast, more greyish on the abdomen; legs and antennæ the same colour as the upper portion.
Length 5 lines.
Dryusa dotata. (Pl. V. fig. 3.)
D. lutea, grisescente pubescens; prothorace elytrisque fere obsolete griseo-notatis; antennis griseo-luteis, articulorum apice fuscis.
Hab.—Batchian.
A luteous shining derm, with a smoky-greyish pubescence; head with a few scattered punctures, a well-marked dark median line on the vertex and between the antenniferous tubers; lip and epistome very short; mandibles black; palpi luteous; prothorax sparingly punctured, varied with smoky-grey and yellowish-grey, the latter colour forming a median longitudinal line; scutellum transverse; elytra principally smoky-grey, with a few pale oblique angular spots anteriorly and posteriorly, a complicated flexuous line of pale-grey resolving itself into two or three series of patches filling up the greater part of the apical third; body beneath smoky-brown on the breast, the coxæ and abdomen rufous-chesnut; legs rufous-grey; antennæ rufous-grey, the apical joints entirely grey, the remainder, except the first, dark-brown at the apex.
Length 4½ lines.
Dryusa rufula.
D. rufo-testacea, pallide griseo-pubescens; prothorace lateribus vittis duabus fuscis; antennis rufo-testaceis, articulorum apice fuscis.
Hab.—Saylee.
A reddish-testaceous derm, with a pale-greyish pubescence;
head with a few scattered punctures in front, a pale well-marked median line; lip and epistome short; mandibles black; palpi testaceous; prothorax almost impunctate, two rather oblique, very dark-brown stripes, but coalescing anteriorly on each side; scutellum transverse, slightly emarginate at the apex; elytra reddish-testaceous, darker at the sides, posteriorly a pale somewhat silky irregular patch; body beneath and femora pale chesnutred; tibiæ and tarsi pale reddish; antennæ reddish-testaceous, darker towards the apex, the extremity of the joints mostly dark brown.
Length 4 lines.
Dryusa diluta.
D. lutea, griseo-pubescens, fere concolor; antennis testaceo-brunneis, apicem versus infuscatis.
Hab.—Ceram.
A luteous derm with a greyish pubescence; head more transverse in front, with very few punctures, median line confined to between the antenniferous tubers; lip and epistome narrow and short; mandibles black; palpi testaceous; prothorax with a few scattered punctures at the sides posteriorly; scutellum transverse, rounded behind; elytra nearly uniformly concolorous, a few spots of more thickly-set pubescence being scarcely visible, except under a lens; body beneath reddish-chesnut, the metasternum dark smoky-brown; legs and antennæ greyish-luteous.
Length 5 lines.
XIPHOTHEATA.
Caput antice quadratum, tuberibus antenniferis obsoletis. Oculi parvi, profunde emarginati. Antennæ maribus corpori æquales, fœminis multo breviores, setaceæ, ciliatæ; scapo elongato-pyriformi, articulo tertio scapo longiore, quarto et quinto brevioribus, cæteris usque ad decimum æqualibus et brevioribus, ultimo præcedente longiore. Prothorax capite latior, latitudine longitudini æqualis, antice angustior, lateribus rotundatis, in maribus muticus, in fœminis fortiter dentatus, basi lineis duabus transversis. Elytra elongata, apicem versus sensim angustiora, apice acute - divaricata. Pro- et mesosterna elevata, faciebus oppositis. Coxæ maribus spina elongata, tenuata, recurva. Pedes antici maribus elongati et robustiores, tibiâ etiam intus spinosâ; pedes intermedii et postici utroque sexu breviusculi. Abdominis segmentis quatuor æqualibus, ultimo subtriangulari longiore.
This is the most striking of all the genera of Niphoninæ, and it is the more remarkable inasmuch as the female has an unusually stout and lengthened tooth on the side of the prothorax anteriorly, while in the male there is no appearance whatever of any such armature. On the other hand, the male has a very powerful spine on the anterior coxa, as well as a sharp tooth on the protibia; these are denied to the females. I have dedicated the only species at present known to W. Wilson Saunders, Esq., F.R.S., &c.
Xiphotheata Saundersii. (Pl. V. fig. 7.)
X. nigra, nitida, glabrata, sive maculis fasciisque paucis fulvo-pubescentibus.
Hab.—Batchian, Morty, Gilolo.
Black, glabrous, shining; head much narrower than the prothorax, very rugosely punctured, with a few spots of silvery hairs, a narrow median line on the vertex only, succeeded by a broad impression between the eyes; epistome very short and narrow; lip broader and longer; mandibles and palpi black; prothorax rather uneven, with a few rough punctures, the apex bordered with a fringe of silvery hairs, which are directed forwards on the head, the transverse sulcation behind filled in with short fulvous or sometimes white hairs; scutellum transverse, slightly pointed posteriorly; elytra with lines and spots of closely-set hairs, white or fulvous, or both; a line at the base curving downwards below the scutellum, sometimes absent; a transverse line before the middle, another slightly curved behind the middle, a very few scattered spots between these lines, and a closely-set row running down the attenuated apical portion; body beneath glossy black, a few lines of rusty hairs variously dispersed, and some even on all the coxæ; legs black, rugosely punctured, nearly glabrous; antennæ black, the scape punctured.
Length (♂) 11 lines, (♀) 9 lines.
MESOSINÆ.
With few exceptions this sub-family will be found to be identical with the 17th "groupe Mesositæ" of M. J. Thomson's "Systema Cerambycidarum." It is principally characterised by its long and more or less cylindrical scape, generally arising from a very short or nearly obsolete tuber, which is rarely approximate to its fellow.
Many of the members of this sub-family are among the handsomest of the Lamiidæ of the old world. They are in fact con-
fined to Asia and Africa, with the exception of three European species of Mesosa* (one of which occurs in England). None have hitherto been detected in Australia.† Of the twenty-one genera included in the Wallacean Collection, ten also occur on the mainland of Asia, and besides these a few more have been very recently described by M. Thomson, principally derived from the extensive collections made by the Comte de Castelnau in Malacca. Three species are known to me from North China, but from the English possessions in India I have never seen a specimen; that country is, however, nearly a terra incognita to the entomologist.
The head in the Mesosinæ is always more or less quadrate, the front generally ample, never spreading out below the eyes, the antennary tubers small, and, with one or two exceptions, widely apart; the eyes small or only of moderate size, and deeply and widely emarginate; the antennæ are more or less slender, but the scape is always long and cylindrical or occasionally slightly clavi-form, produced and having a scar-like section at the apex; many of the genera have their antennæ more or less pilose, or tufted. The prothorax is even, rarely irregular, a few genera only having a short tooth at the side.‡ In the majority of the species the elytra are also perfectly even, but in some there is a tendency to the production of elevated lines, and in one genus of basal crests (Æsopida). The legs are, on the whole, of moderate length, the anterior being almost invariably the longest, especially in the males; the femora are stout, thickest in the middle, not clavate, the tibiæ are always considerably longer than their tarsi; the tarsi are short, of equal size, except that the anterior are sometimes dilated, the three basal joints together not often exceeding the claw-joint in length. The anterior coxæ are large and globose, never armed, and their acetabula are narrowly angulated externally; the prosternum is generally raised to a level with the coxæ; the mesosternum is also elevated with few exceptions, and often produced or toothed anteriorly.
The number of species in the collection is upwards of sixty, § distributed into the twenty-one genera tabulated below.
* Dr. Leconte, however, describes a Mesosa from California. This forms the genus Synaphe, of M. James Thomson.
† The genus Meton, placed in this sub-family by M. Thomson, is, from its short scape, approximate antennary tubers, and longer and unequal tarsi, rather, I think, to be referred to the Monochaminæ.
‡ In Agelasta, a very natural genus, some of the species have a very decided lateral tooth, in the majority there is no trace of it whatever.
§ In the genus Cacia we have three or four forms, of which it is extremely difficult to say whether they should be treated as species or as varieties.
Genera.
Fore tibiæ of the males toothed internally. | |
Prothorax unarmed. | |
Elytra even | Golsinda, Thoms. |
Elytra irregular | Goniages, n.g. |
Prothorax toothed | Palimna, Pasc. |
Fore tibiæ entire. | |
Prothorax not toothed at the side. | |
Antennary tubers approximate | Planodes, Newm. |
Antennary tubers remote. | |
Antennæ simply fimbriated beneath. | |
Head narrowed anteriorly. | |
Eyes frontal | Eris, Pasc. |
Eyes lateral. | |
Anterior tarsi simple | Ale, n.g. |
Anterior tarsi broadly dilated | Phemone, Pasc. |
Head broad anteriorly. | |
Antennæ elongate, attenuated. | |
Mesosternum elevated | Æmocia, Thoms. |
Mesosternum depressed | Anancylus, Thoms. |
Antennæ of moderate length, more or less robust. | |
Anterior tibiæ curved | Agelasta, Newm. |
Anterior tibiæ straight. | |
Anterior tarsi elongate, dilated | Syrrhopeus, n. g. |
Anterior tarsi short, trigonate | Sorbia, n. g. |
Antennæ pilose. | |
Pilosity mostly confined to the third or fourth joints, or both. | |
Apex of the scape produced. | |
Mesosternum toothed. | |
Third and fourth joints of the antennæ slender | Cacia, Newm. |
Third and fourth joints of the antennæ thickened | Elelea, n. g. |
Mesosternum simple | Ipocregyes, n. g. |
Apex of the scape rounded | Diexia, n. g. |
Pilosity diffused | Sodus, n. g. |
Prothorax with a tooth at the side. | |
Elytra crested at the base | Æsopida, Thoms. |
Elytra not crested. | |
Prosternum rounded posteriorly. | |
Terminal joint of the antennæ hooked in the male | Coptops, Serv. |
Terminal joint of the antennæ not hooked | Samia, n. g. |
Prosternum produced posteriorly | Clyzomedus, n. g. |
ÆMOCIA.
Æmocia, J. Thomson, Syst. Ceramb. p. 61.
Caput exsertum, antice subtransversum, tuberibus antenniferis brevibus, remotis. Oculi fere divisi, lobo inferiore obliquo. Antennæ elongatæ scapo apicem versus latiore; articulo tertio longiore; cæteris gradatim decrescentibus. Prothorax regularis, fere æquatus, lateribus inermis, antice angustior et parum constrictus. Elytra subdepressa, apicem versus gradatim angustiora, basi regularia, humeris prominulis. Pedes robusti, antici in maribus longiores; protibiis curvatis; tarsi antici in maribus dilatati et pilosi. Prosternum elevatum, postice productum. Mesosternum latum, deplanatum, antice productum.
Three fine and closely allied species at present compose this genus. It is remarkable for its apparently almost glabrous surface, except that the posterior portion of the elytra is clothed with a delicate pubescence gradually increasing in density towards the apex. The genus is nearly allied to Agelasta, but the body is depressed, the antennæ are more attenuated, and the prothorax has a different outline.
Æmocia Ichthyosomoides.
J. Thomson, Syst. Ceramb. p. 61.
Æ. fusca, nitida; prothorace subtransverso; elytris dimidio apicali pube grisea variegatis, basin versus maculis griseis dispersis.
Hab.—Ceram.
Dark brown, shining, in certain lights viewed through the greyish pile, dark greenish; head finely punctured in front, a white patch bordering the eye behind; lip narrow, brownish or ferruginous; prothorax much broader than the head, with minute scattered punctures, which are nearly absent from the centre; scutellum small, rounded behind; elytra remotely punctured, two slightly raised lines posteriorly, a few greyish spots towards the base, the apical half with an interrupted greyish pubescence allowing points of the derm to be seen amongst it; body beneath and femora glossy black, the abdominal segments bordered with white; antennæ, tibiæ and tarsi yellowish-ferruginous.
Length 9 lines.
VOL. III. THIRD SERIES, PART II.—AUG. 1865. H
Æmocia farinosa.
Æ. fusca, nitida; prothorace longitudine latitudine fere æquali; elytris, basi excepta, pube subtilissima grisea tectis.
Hab.—Ceram.
Differs from the former in its longer prothorax, and its more delicate pubescence, which is uniform and continuous from near the base, giving the elytra a glaucous hue, and showing only the small punctures beneath, which are nearly hidden under the thicker and more woolly pubescence of the other; in my specimens the raised lines are also more decided, and extend more towards the base.
Length 9 lines.
Æmocia balteata.
Æ. fusca, subnitida; elytris ante medium griseo-fasciatis, apicem versus pube grisea variegatis.
Hab.—Ceram.
Dark brown, slightly shining; head pubescent, especially around the eyes; prothorax and scutellum as in the last; elytra rather remotely punctured, the inner raised line much more developed than the outer, before the middle a well marked band composed of rather long dense greyish hairs, behind the middle another dense band passing into little broken patches and entirely spreading over the rest of the elytra to the apex; body beneath glossy black, a fringe of ferruginous hairs on the abdominal segments at the sides; femora dark brown; antennæ, tibiæ and tarsi dull ferruginous.
Length 8 lines.
ANANCYLUS.
Anancylus, J. Thomson, Syst. Ceramb. p. 61.
Characteres fere ut in Æmocia, sed capite antice quadrato; oculis lobo inferiori rotundato; prothorace subtransverso, disco turgido; tarsis anticis haud pilosis; et mesosterno declive, medio subcarinato, vel subdentato.
In the table (ante, p. 96) the mesosternum is stated to be depressed, but this is not exactly correct; it is, however, quite different from the elevated, broad and flattened mesosternum of Æmocia. In fact it is rather declivous than depressed (more or less so according to the species), is much narrower, and has a little oblong tooth, or rather carina, in the middle. The type (A.
calceatus) is found in Java. Of the four species here enumerated three are closely allied; a larger series of specimens might possibly show that one of them—A. simulans—is only a local sub-species.
Anancylus griseatus.
Mesosa griseata, Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 243.
A. fuscus, pube grisea varius; prothorace modice transverso; elytris basi fortiter granulato-punctatis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Pubescent, dark brown, varied with grey; head dark chesnutbrown, with a yellowish stripe below each antenna and a triangular patch of the same colour below the eye; lip short, dark brown; prothorax slightly transverse, rather remotely punctured, obscurely varied with brown and grey; scutellum transversely triangular; elytra coarsely punctured, principally at the base, where each puncture has a large glossy granule hanging over it posteriorly, varied with brown and grey, the latter mostly forming spots anteriorly, but towards the apex collected into two irregular bands, one præapical, the other nearly apical or entirely so; body beneath and legs reddish-brown, with a thin grey pubescence, the tarsi with the last two joints and claws black; antennæ more than twice as long as the body in both sexes, brown, all the joints, except the first two, greyish at the base.
Length 7 lines.
Anancylus socius.
A. fuscus, pube grisea varius; prothorace modice transverso; elytris basi fortiter punctatis, haud granulatis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Nearly allied to the last, but the colours more definite and decided, the grey on the elytra more intricate in pattern; head entirely clothed in a short, close, greyish pile; lip moderately long, luteous; scutellum rounded behind; elytra not granulated; legs ringed with dark brown, one ring on the femora and two on the tibiæ; tarsi and antennæ as in the preceding species, but the latter nearly three times as long as the body.
Length 7 lines.
Anancylus simulans.
A. brunneus, pube grisea varius; prothorace magis transverso; elytris brevioribus, basi fortiter punctatis.
Hab.—Batchian.
Perhaps only a local variety of the last, but smaller and pro-
H 2
portionally broader, with a more transverse prothorax; the brown with a reddish tint, and the lip darker.
Length 5½ lines.
Anancylus lotus.
A. rufo-castaneus, pube sparsa et grisea obscure varius; prothorace subquadrato; elytris basi fortiter et remote punctatis.
Hab.—Saylee.
Pale reddish-chesnut, obscurely varied with grey, the pubescence very short and thin; head greyish pubescent, with a glabrous stripe in front and two below each eye; prothorax a little broader than long, punctures few and chiefly at the sides; scutellum transverse, rounded behind; elytra remotely punctured, the punctures coarser and deeper at the base, but gradually shallower towards the apex; body beneath and legs yellowish-brown, the former thinly pubescent, the latter more coarsely and thickly, and of a whitish colour ringed with dark brown—one ring on the femora and two on the tibiæ—the last two tarsal joints and claws black; antennæ slender, more than twice as long as the body, yellowish brown, darker towards the apex, the joints ringed at the base with grey.
Length 5 lines.
PLANODES.
Planodes, Newman, The Entom. i. 323.
Caput antice quadratum, tuberibus antenniferis approximatis, apice extus emarginatis. Oculi prominuli, modice emarginati. Antennæ corpore longiores, apicem versus lineares; scapo elongato, subcylindrico, apice cicatricoso, extus producto; articulo tertio longissimo, apice dentato; cæteris plus minusve brevioribus vel subæqualibus; ultimo brevissimo. Prothorax subangustus, basin versus latior, muticus. Elytra oblonga, supra planata, lateribus subito angulato-declivia, humeris productis, apice rotundata. Pedes mediocres; femora vix clavata; tibiæ intermediæ emarginatæ; tarsi breves, antici aliquando dilatati. Prosternum elevatum. Mesosternum antice productum.
Mr. Newman, in characterising this genus, describes the antennæ as being distant at the base, the head between them sulcated. The latter character is due to the strongly developed antennary tubers, closely approximate at their origin, but rising
obliquely, and forming a very deep and angular depression as they diverge. It is, however, incorrect to say that the antennæ are distant at the base, except in the sense that they are not contiguous; they are in fact much more approximate than in almost any other genus of the sub-family. In both sexes there is a strong tooth, scarcely long enough for a spine, at the apex of the third joint, and the antennæ, instead of becoming gradually more attenuated towards the tip, have the last four or five joints nearly linear, or in the males of some species (P. papulosus, P. vicarius, &c.) even slightly thickened, especially the terminal joint. The elytra are almost perfectly flat above, but bent suddenly down so as to form an angle about midway between the suture and the external margin; this angle is sometimes so prominent as almost to form a carina, and generally it has a row of shining granules topping it, especially at the base; towards the apex there is almost always a second carina, short and oblique, and outside this, near the margin, there is an indication of a third. The type (P. quaternarius) is from Manilla; to this Planodes satelles of the collection approaches the most nearly of the eight homogeneous species discovered by Mr. Wallace in various localities between Malacca and New Guinea.
Stegenus denticornis, Chevrolat (Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1858, p. 83), from Java, is a Planodes.
Planodes satelles.
P. pube grisea tectus; prothoracis lateribus corrugatis; elytris plagis nigris nitidis quatuor ornatis.
Hab.—Malacca.
Derm brownish-black with a close greyish pile, the elytra with four large shining spots; head remotely punctured, a black glabrous band between the eyes; prothorax with numerous well-marked wrinkles at the sides, gradually ceasing towards the median line; scutellum narrowly triangular; elytra with two large shining black patches on each, the upper directly before the middle and extending to the external margin, the lower midway between the first and the apex, the carina with granules only at the base, gradually disappearing and replaced by punctures toward the apex, the shorter apical carina rather prominent; body beneath and legs with a fine greyish pile; antennæ longer than the body, dark brown, the third and fourth joints at the base paler.
Length 8 lines.
Planodes vicarius.
P. rufo-brunneus, pube cervina tectus; prothoracis lateribus subcorrugatis; elytris rufulo-maculatis, vage puncatis, vix carinatis, basi pauci-granulosis.
Hab.—Salwatty.
Reddish-brown, lighter on the elytra, with a short rufous grey pile; head greyish, with small remote punctures in front; prothorax only slightly wrinkled at the sides; scutellum subtransverse, rounded behind; elytra obscurely spotted with rufous, very remotely punctured, with concolorous granules at the base, the carinæ not prominent; body beneath and legs with a very fine and thin greyish pubescence; antennæ much longer than the body, reddish-brown, very slightly fringed beneath.
Length 7 lines.
Planodes deterrens.
P. pube grisea tectus; prothorace subtransverso, medio sub-carinato, disco plicato; elytris fusco-variegatis, sub-bifasciatis.
Hab.—Singapore.
Covered with a short greyish pile, the elytra with dark brownish patches, two especially forming broad bands interrupted at the suture; head thinly punctured in front, between the eyes a dark band; prothorax transversely wrinkled, a slightly raised longitudinal ridge in the centre; scutellum transverse, a little emarginate behind; elytra rather short, remotely punctured, several small black granules on the basal part of the carina; body beneath and legs pitchy, with a thin greyish pile, tip of the claw-joint and the claws black; antennæ dark brown, with the upper part of the scape and the second, third, and fourth joints at the base greyish.
Length 8 lines.
Planodes leporinus.
P. pube rufo-grisea tectus; antennarum scapo rufulo; prothorace vix transverso, disco æquato; elytris fusco-bifasciatis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Derm pale luteous-brown, covered with a thin greyish pile slightly tinged with reddish, and having two narrow dark brown bands on the elytra; head with a very slight pubescence in front, thicker between the eyes and on the vertex; prothorax thinly
pubescent, no central line nor any wrinkles; elytra rather short, the carina more prominent, its whole length with a line of granules of the same colour as the derm, the shorter apical carina well marked; body beneath and legs brownish, with a greyish pile; antennæ dark brown, an obscure greyish ring at the base of the fourth joint, the scape luteous brown, with a slight greyish pubescence.
Length 8 lines.
Planodes papulosus. (Pl. VI. fig. 1.)
P. niger, griseo-pubescens; prothoracis disco corrugato; elytris fortiter punctatis, ante medium nigro-fasciatis; antennis fuscis, articulis tertio et quarto basi obscure griseis.
Hab.—Ceram.
Very dark brown or black, covered with a short greyish pile; head rather large, nearly glabrous, roughly punctured, with very minute punctures on the intervening spaces; lip rather narrow, short, fringed with rusty hairs; prothorax subtransverse, the disc finely corrugated; scutellum small, rounded posteriorly; elytra broad at the shoulders, gradually narrowing to the apex, coarsely punctured, the base with a very few black shining granules, the carina except towards the apex nearly obsolete, before the middle a broad oblique blackish band, around each puncture a dark ring; body beneath black, shining, the abdominal segments fringed with rusty hairs, particularly at the base of the second segment; legs black, shining, the tibiæ with a yellowish-grey pile; antennæ half as long again as the body in the male, slightly fimbriated throughout, the third and fourth joints with a very thin greyish pubescence, the last joint rather thicker (♂) than the previous one.
Length 7½—11 lines.
Planodes luctuosus.
P. niger, subtiliter pubescens, distincte albo-variegatus; prothorace corrugato, medio pubescenti-albo-vittato; elytris postice leviter et vage punctatis; antennis articulis tertio et quarto basi albis.
Hab.—Ceram.
Glabrous, black, with irregular dense patches of a pure white pubescence; head with a white band below the eyes passing along the sides of the prothorax and sterna, on the vertex a white stripe continuous with the median stripe on the prothorax; disc of the
latter slightly corrugated, sometimes a smaller patch or two at the side; scutellum transverse; elytra broad, slightly narrowing posteriorly, with small confluent spots of white, varying as to amount, but generally leaving traces of two black bands, carina not strongly marked, punctures posteriorly fewer and smaller; body beneath brownish-black, shining, the abdominal segments fringed with white; legs black, the tibiæ with a yellowish-grey pubescence; third joint of the antennæ with a white patch on one side at the base, the fourth entirely white on the basal half.
Length 9—10 lines.
Planodes turbatus.
P. tenuior, fuscus, pube grisea interrupta; prothoracis disco lateraliter subcorrugato, medio pubescenti-griseo-vittato; antennis articulis tertio et quarto basi albis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Narrower than the last, dark brown with an interrupted greyish pubescence; head partially glabrous in front, a yellowish-grey stripe between the eyes and on the vertex, divided on the latter by an elevated glabrous line; prothorax nearly glabrous and corrugated at the sides, the centre with a greyish pubescent stripe; scutellum subtransverse; elytra slightly narrowing posteriorly, remotely punctured, with greyish pubescence obscurely spotted with brown; body beneath subnitid, chesnut-brown, with a thin greyish pile; legs pale brown, thinly pubescent, tarsi with an ashy pile, the penultimate joint black; antennæ dark brown, the third and fourth joints at the base whitish.
Length 7—8 lines.
Planodes encaustus.
P. subglaber, fuscus; capite prothoraceque medio vitta pubescente grisea; elytris pube grisea plagiatis, remote et subtiliter punctatis; antennarum articulo quarto basi albo.
Hab.—Saylee.
Dark brown, subnitid, almost glabrous or with an exceedingly fine pubescence, except on those parts where the grey appears; head quite glabrous in front, a patch below the eyes and a stripe on the vertex pubescent, grey; prothorax slightly corrugated at the sides, with a broad central grey stripe; scutellum subtransverse; elytra finely and remotely punctured, nearly glabrous, a large very distinct grey patch nearly in the centre of each, several smaller patches at the base, and a few at the apex; body beneath
and legs reddish chesnut, nitid, thinly pubescent; tarsi ashy, with the penultimate joint black; antennæ brown, the fourth joint only whitish at the base.
Length 7 lines.
EREIS.
Eris, Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 110 (nec Koch).
Caput antice quadratum, tuberibus antenniferis brevibus, apice integris. Oculi frontales, modice emarginati. Antennæ corpore multo longiores; scapo elongato, subcylindrico, apice cicatricoso, extus producto; articulo tertio longiore, apice haud dentato; cæteris gradatim brevioribus et tenuioribus. Prothorax fere quadratus, muticus, capite haud latior. Elytra oblonga, depressa, subcarinata. Pedes mediocres; femora haud clavata; tibiæ intermediæ integræ; tarsi subangustati. Prosternum elevatum, postice perpendiculare. Mesosternum antice dentatum.
When I proposed this genus some years ago I was unacquainted with its two nearest allies, Planodes and Anancylus, and was therefore very doubtful as to its affinities. The former of these it most nearly resembles in habit, but differs in its short or almost obsolete antennary tubers remote at the base, and in its normal antennæ; from the latter it differs in habit, shorter antennæ and the presence of raised lines on the elytra. The lower lobe of the eye is much more frontal than is usual in this sub-family. A second species has been described in the Journal of Entomology (vol. i. p. 347) from Cambodia, and I have now a third species,* also from Cambodia, which departs from the type in having its prothorax more rounded at the sides, and its elytra shorter and more convex; its abdominal segments also, at least the three intermediate ones, are furnished with semicircular patches of coarse hairs, as in Symphyletes and some other genera.
The word Eris had been previously used by Koch for a genus of Arachnida; I have therefore altered it to Ereis.
* This may be characterized as follows:—
Ereis ventralis.
E. fusca, sparse irregulariter griseo-pubescens; prothorace subtransverso, lateraliter rotundato, minute granulato; elytris brevibus, convexis, carinis fere obsoletis, nigro-maculatis, præcipue post medium lineâ transversâ macularum; corpore infra fusco, subnitido, abdomine glabro, segmentis tribus intermediis lateribus dense pilosis; tibiis tarsisque annulatis; antennis nigro-maculatis. Long. 6 lin.
Ereis anthriboides.
Eris anthriboides, Pasc. Tr. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 110, pl. xxii. fig. 7.
E. brunnea, grisescente pubescens; capite prothoraceque nigrobilineatis; elytris subtessellatis; antennis nigris, tenuatis, articulis basi anguste albo-annulatis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Brown, covered with a thin greyish, or sometimes nearly white pubescence; head and prothorax greyish or whitish, on each side, commencing behind the eye, a dark or nearly black stripe; scutellum traingular; elytra marked with darkish spots, giving them a somewhat tessellated appearance, slightly depressed, each with two longitudinal ridges, the inner more decided; body beneath reddish-brown and glabrous along the middle, clothed at the sides, and especially on the abdomen, with a greyish pile; tibiæ and tarsi ringed with black and white; antennæ black, twice as long as the body in the male, shorter in the female, slender, the base of all the joints, except the first two and last, with a narrow ring of white.
Length 4½—6 lines.
CACIA.
Cacia, Newman, The Entom. i. 290 (1842).
Corethrophora, Blanch. Voy. au Pôle Sud, iv. 301 (1853).
Caput antice quadratum, tuberibus antenniferis basi sub-approximatis vel remotis. Oculi profunde emarginati. Antennæ in maribus corpore aliquando duplo longiores, in feminis multo breviores; scapo elongato, cylindrico, apice producto; articulo tertio multo longiore, rarissime plumigero; quarto breviore, sæpe subtus piloso; cæteris brevioribus, in feminis brevissimis. Prothorax quadratus vel subtransversus, lateraliter rotundatus. Elytra convexa vel leviter complanata, apice rotundata. Pedes modice elongati, antici in maribus longiores, protibiæ subcurvatæ vel in feminis rectæ; tarsi in utroque sexu æquales. Mesosternum subangustum, antice dentatum.
M. Blanchard (ubi sup.) proposed the genus Corethrophora for a species (C. semiluctuosa), which I am unable to distinguish satisfactorily from Cacia. Almost the sole character to authorize its separation is the stronger and more approximate antennary tubers; but this character is modified in individuals belonging to what I believe to be the same species—a species subject to such
an amount of variation that its characters, if it were the type of a genus, ought to be particularly strong. Confining Cacia to those species which have a narrow mesosternum* toothed anteriorly, and the third and fourth joints of the antennæ not thicker than is usual, but the former much longer than any other joint, there are still considerable modifications in the genus which it is possible may lead to further division. Cacia setulosa, Pasc., from Java, but not in this collection, furnished with numerous erect hairs over the upper surface, is one of the most aberrant. Another species, Cacia compta (post, p. 112), has a tuft to the third as well as the fourth joint of the antennæ, but this is so far untrustworthy that the tuft is sometimes absent from individuals of those species which appear to have it normally. The type of the genus, Cacia spinigera, Newm., has a little spine, or rather tooth, on the apex of the third antennal joint, but this Mr. Newman very properly considers as of specific value only, his second species, C. aspersa, being without it. Mr. White has described a species from China, which he has named Cacia latifasciata, but which strictly cannot be considered to belong to this genus. The species appear to be subject to very considerable variation; in nearly all the fifth joint of the antennæ is wholly or partially white.
* A Cacia-form, not belonging to the Wallacean Collection, which is excluded by having a broad flattish mesosternum, may be shortly characterized here. The specimen is a female.
THERIPPIA.
Characteres ut in fœminis Caciæ, sed antennæ corpore breviores, scapo et articulis tertio quartoque fere æqualibus; mesosternum latum, subplanatum, antice horizontaliter productum.
Therippia decorata.
T. nigra, nitida, glabra, pube albescente variegata; elytris trifasciatis.
Hab.—Ceylon.
Glabrous, black, and shining, with small intricate pubescent patches of white, tinged here and there with rose; these occur irregularly on the head and prothorax, but are collected into three bands on the elytra—viz., at the base, middle and apex; the femora are spotted, the tibiæ have a white ring in the middle; the tarsi are black, with the two basal joints white; the body beneath is black and shining, with a very thin greyish pubescence; the antennæ have the second joint and bases of the remainder white, with a small black tuft on the fourth; the last six joints are together not more than half as long again as the fourth.
Length 6 lines.
Cacia instabilis.
Saperda Vanikorensis, Boisd. Voy. Astrol. ii. 515, Col. pl. ix, fig. 18 (1835).
Corethrophora semiluctuosa, Blanch. Voy. Pôle Sud, iv. 301, pl. xvii. fig. 15 (1853).
Cacia anthriboides, Pasc. Journ. Entom. i. 130, pl. v. fig. 5 (1860).
Cacia histrionica, Pasc. Journ. Entom. i. 346 (1862).
C. nigra, pube subtilissima grisescente vel alba tecta; prothorace generaliter albo-nigro-vittato; elytris convexis, subtiliter punctatis, basi regularibus.
Hab.—Batchian, Bouru, Morty, Ceram, Waigiou, Aru, Dorey.
Black, with a very fine greyish or whitish pubescence; the front between the antennæ more or less concave; the prothorax generally with a central white stripe between two black ones; elytra convex, very finely punctured, the base regular; other characters variable.
Length 6—8 lines.
From a large number of specimens now before me I have not the slightest doubt that all the names given above are referrible to one and the same species. Under ordinary circumstances I should have taken the earliest name, but putting aside the objection that this is simply a barbarism, and that at the very moment of giving it the author believed that though ticketed (indiquée) from Vanikoro the insect nevertheless came from New Guinea or the Celebes, and its adoption, therefore, would be only to perpetuate an error, the obvious convenience of a collective designation for a species subject to such an extraordinary amount of variation becomes almost a necessity.
The names of these four forms may be maintained as so many centres from which to survey the species. Starting from the comonest forms, which seem to group themselves round C. histrionica, we find that they are black, with a white band across the elytra posteriorly, the apex, scutellum, and elytra around it, also white. A stripe from the scutellum passing along the suture joins the band, and then we have the Corethrophora semiluctuosa. Through several varieties the white increases, the black between the band and stripes gradually diminishing and disappearing, in which state it is the C. anthriboides. Sometimes there is a black spot on the white near the shoulder, and the sutural stripe is prolonged to the apex; this gives two black patches to each elytron. In one beautiful specimen the
apical black is crossed by three pure white lines, and there is a dash of black from each shoulder. Returning to C. histrionica we have in one direction the white entirely disappearing, except the central thoracic stripe prolonged a little on the scutellum and elytra, and in another the band and sutural stripe taking a finely linear form. This is about the most simple of all the varieties, but starting from this we first see a little white dash near the shoulder, and then this is directed obliquely inwards with a gentle curve until it approaches the middle of the elytron, when it takes another turn downwards and backwards, and joins the posterior line. When in addition to this there is an ocellate spot near the apex we have "Vanikorensis." Generally there are only indefinite indications of this spot.
Cacia inculta.
Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 102.
C. fusca, pube interrupta flavida induta; prothorace transverso; elytris basi subcristatis, granulosis, pone humeros fascia curvata fusca.
Hab.—Singapore, Sarawak.
Dark brown, with an interrupted greyish-yellow pile; head and prothorax rather finely punctured; the latter transverse and its punctures surrounded by the naked derm, these portions sometimes confluent and forming black irregular patches; this occurs also on the elytra, but here the principal patch takes the form of a broad curved band behind the shoulders, sometimes another distinct but irregular band towards the apex, bordered or not by a fine line of yellow hairs, these lines occasionally dividing the band into small patches, or the whole of the elytra behind the shoulders may be more or less bare of pubescence except a little towards the apex, the ridge at the base granulose; scutellum sometimes pale buff; body beneath brown, shining, the sides with a fulvous-brown pile; legs fulvous, more or less varied with brown or black, the tibiæ generally black or dark brown with the middle third fulvous, the tarsi of the two posterior pairs with the two basal joints dark, the remainder, except the claws, fulvous; antennæ with or without a black tuft at the apex of the fourth joint; the third joint sometimes furnished with a slight spine at its tip (in the Sarawak examples).
Length 6 lines.
Cacia confusa.
Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 101.
C. fusco-picea; capite prothoraceque griseo-pubescentibus, vittis duabus fuscis; elytris pube interrupta grisea variegatis, post medium fascia fusca, aliquando fere obsoleta.
Hab.—Sarawak, Singapore.
Pitchy-brown; head and prothorax covered with a greyish or yellowish-grey pile, except a glabrous dark-brown stripe on each side, commencing behind the eye; scutellum rather large, traingular; elytra coarsely and irregularly punctured, with small greyish pubescent patches in the intervals, generally a broad brown band behind the middle; body beneath with a greyish-yellow pubescence, chiefly confined to the sides; legs brown, middle of the tibiæ greyish; antennæ about one-third longer than the body in the male, reddish-brown, the fifth joint and base of the fourth pale, the latter with a small tuft on the apex.
Length 4 lines.
Cacia intricata.
C. rufescens vel fusca, lineis intricatis pubescentibus griseis vel flavescentibus ornata, prothorace longitudinaliter elytrisque transversim dispositis.
Hab.—Aru, Ceram, Menado, Batchian, Gilolo, Morty, Tondano, Kai, Goram, Waigiou.
Yellowish-red to dark brown, with intricate well-marked lines of greyish or yellowish-grey; on the prothorax there are two longitudinal lines on each side, together somewhat resembling the figure 8; on the elytra these lines are chiefly transverse and so disposed as to leave three dark irregular band-like patches; the posterior one is especially band-like, and sometimes becomes a complete band; at other times these patches are divided, or the fine greyish lines shade off into a nearly uniform colour, leaving, however, the pattern untouched; antennæ unicolorous without tufts, or tufted with the fifth and base of the fourth joint white; tibiæ with the middle or whole of the basal half pale grey or white.
Length 3½—5 lines.
Cacia scenica.
C. fusco-castanea; capite prothoraceque griseo-pubescentibus, hoc fusco-biplagiato; elytris dense griseo-pubescentibus, basi et fasciis duabus castaneis.
Hab.—Menado.
Possibly a variety only of Cacia intricata, but the grey pubes-
cence is longer, denser, and uniform in its colour, and the character of the insect is altogether different; the brown portion of the pattern, however, remains nearly the same, except that the bands are a little more angular; the legs are somewhat longer and stouter; the antennæ are not tufted, at least in my solitary specimen, and the fourth and fifth joints are white at the base.
Length 4 lines.
Cacia plagiala.
C. fusco-castanea; capite prothoraceque tenuiter griseo-pubescentibus, hoc fusco-quadriplagiato; elytris castaneis, singulis tribus plagis griseo-pubescentibus.
Hab.—Saylee, Aru.
This is also a suspicious species, having precisely the same style of coloration on the prothorax as the last two, with the addition of a patch on each side, but this is also the case with some individuals of C. intricata. In C. plagiata the prothorax is very much broader than in C. scenica, (but even this character is variable in C. instabilis). As to the elytra, we have only to connect the three bands of C. intricata by a stripe along the suture and carry the stripe down to the apex, and we have pretty nearly C. plagiata. The two specimens before me show some differences, and probably belong to a variable species, but the evidence is not sufficient at present to justify its union with the last.
Length 6 lines.
Cacia picticornis.
Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 249.
C. fusca, subtilissime griseo-pubescens; elytris flavo-guttatis; antennis pedibusque nigris, albo-annulatis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Dark brown, covered with a very fine and thin greyish or reddish-grey pubescence; head with a large triangular whitish patch below the eye, and a broad line between the eyes; prothorax with an indistinct yellowish stripe on each side, or this is broken up into spots; scutellum with a triangular impressed spot on the apex; elytra convex, regular at the base, with several yellowish round spots; body beneath black, with a pale ashy pubescence, and a yellowish tint at the sides; legs black, annulated with white; tarsi black, with the two basal joints white; antennæ half as long again as the body in the males, the third and fourth joints at the base, and nearly the whole of the fifth, white, apex of the fourth joint tufted.
Length 5 lines.
Cacia capito.
C. fusca, pube grisea tecta; elytris basi callosis, fasciis duabus indistinctis glabris fuscis.
Hab.—Singapore.
Dark brown, with a grey pubescence; head nearly as broad as the prothorax, with a coarse grey pile in front; prothorax subtransverse, a rather deep sulcation towards the apex, punctures large and scattered; scutellum small, triangular; elytra broadest at the shoulders, gradually receding to the apex, the base with a short slightly raised callus, crowned by three or four pointed granules, sparingly and coarsely punctured, the punctures, as on the prothorax, surrounded with a black ring, near the base a dark indefinite band, another behind the middle; body beneath chesnut, yellowish on the abdomen, with a greyish pubescence; legs brown, with a grey pile; antennæ a little longer than the body (in the male apparently), the scape dark brown, rest of the antennæ reddish-brown, the bases of the third and fourth joints white.
Length 4 lines.
Cacia compta. (Pl. VII. fig. 4.)
C. pube fusco-purpurea tecta, maculis numerosis albis adspersa; pedibus albis, tarsis tibiisque basi nigris.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Covered with a very close and equal brownish-purple pubescence, with numerous small well-defined whitish spots; head with a very pale greyish pile in front, space between the antennæ with mamillated punctures; prothorax subtransverse, scarcely broader than the head, covered with purplish and whitish confluent spots; elytra gradually but very slightly receding from the shoulders, the basal half strongly punctured, covered with small irregular whitish spots; body beneath black, with a thin greyish pubescence; legs pale reddish, with a greyish-white pile, the base of the tibiæ and tarsi black; antennæ scarcely longer than the body, whitish, the scape, tufts on the third and fourth joints, and corresponding portions of the joints, black.
Length 4 lines.*
* Another interesting species, from Pegu, agreeing with the above in having the third as well as the fourth joint of the antennæ tufted, differing in colour from any yet described, and allied to C. cretifera, Hope, may be here noticed:—
Cacia incensa.
C. nigra, subnitida, subtilissime pubescens; elytris paulo dilatatis, fascia mediana irregulari fulva ornatis.
Hab.—Pegu (Tungoo).
This species is almost entirely black, except an irregular but well marked dark fulvous band across the middle of the elytra, and the third and fourth joints of the antennæ beneath, and the bases of the remainder ringed with white; the pubescence is extremely fine, except on the band, so fine, indeed, that it only gives a slight dusty hue to the derm; the puncturation on the elytra is chiefly confined to the base; the antennæ are scarcely as long as the body.
Length 6 lines.
ELELEA.
Caput antice quadratum, tuberibus antenniferis remotis. Oculi profunde emarginati. Antennæ corpori æquales; scapo cylindrico, apice subproducto; articulis tribus proximis incrassatis, dense pilosis; articulo tertio scapo paulo longiore; quarto breviore; cæteris brevissimis. Prothorax cylindricus, lateribus parallelus. Elytra oblonga, regularia. Pedes breves; tibiæ anticæ rectæ; tarsi haud dilatati. Mesosternum antice productum. Corpus parce setulosum.
The cylindrical prothorax, the thickened 2nd, 3rd, and 4th joints of the antennæ, the third being very little longer than the scape, and the different habit, are characters which will at once distinguish this genus from Cacia. Mr. Wallace remarked that it carried its antennæ "straight and close together, appearing like a Brenthus."
Elelea concinna. (Pl. VII. fig. 7.)
Cacia concinna, Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 101.
E. castanea, nitida, fere glabra; elytris aureo-maculatis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Rich chesnut-brown, shining, almost glabrous, except a few scattered setæ on the back, and seven or eight clear golden-yellow pubescent spots on the elytra, and a vertical line beneath the eye; head and prothorax nearly impunctate; scutellum subtransverse, rounded behind and at the sides; elytra with large, very remote punctures, disappearing posteriorly; body beneath and legs light chesnut; antennæ with the first four joints dark chesnut, and densely pilose, particularly beneath, fifth joint very pale.
Length 4 lines.
IPOCREGYES.
Caput mediocre, antice subquadratum. Mandibulæ breves. Oculi fere divisi. Antennæ corpore vix vel paulo longiores; scapo modice elongato, cylindrico, apice paulo producto; articulo tertio longiore; quarto breviore et crassiore, subtus piloso; cæteris brevissimis. Prothorax transversus, lateraliter
VOL. III. THIRD SERIES, PART II.—AUG. 1865. I
rotundatus. Elytra brevia, basi callosa, humeris haud productis. Pedes breves, subæquales; tarsi antici haud dilatati. Mesosternum paulo productum. Abdomen segmento ultimo elongato. Corpus subdepressum.
I have separated this genus from Cacia, to which I formerly referred it, on account of its short antennæ in both sexes, its elytra being callous at the base, and its mesosternum being simply produced anteriorly, not having a distinct tooth. The legs also are shorter and the body more depressed than in any species of Cacia. My original specimen was much worn. These insects were taken flying in the jungle.
Ipocregyes Newmanni. (Pl. VII. fig. 2.)
Cacia Newmanni, Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 102.
I. fusca, subtiliter grisescente-pubescens; prothorace humerisque linea obliqua alba; elytris post medium fascia curvata nigra, antice albo-marginata.
Hab.—Singapore, Sarawak.
Brown, with a very thin and fine greyish or yellowish-grey pubescence; a white line commencing on the prothorax behind the eye, but also sometimes showing on the head above it, passes obliquely backwards to the shoulder; within this but confined to the prothorax is a dark-brown stripe; on the elytra behind the middle a curved dark-brown band, scarcely attaining the suture, bordered anteriorly by a thin line of white; space around the basal callus, a spot on the suture towards the middle, and two or three near the apex, dark brown or black; body beneath dark brown, thinly pubescent; legs reddish-brown, the distal half of the tibiæ and the tarsi black; antennæ reddish-brown, the fourth joint black, the fifth white, the remainder darker towards the apex.
Length 2½ lines.
MNEMEA.
Caput magnum, antice subquadratum, tuberibus antenniferis brevibus, remotis. Mandibulæ elongatæ. Oculi fere divisi. Antennæ corpori æquales; scapo subbrevi, subcylindrico, apice producto et cicatricoso; articulo tertio longissimo; quarto brevi; cæteris iterum brevibus et gradatim decrescentibus. Prothorax transversus, capite vix latior, lateribus rotundatus. Elytra brevia, lateraliter gradatim angustiora, humeris haud productis, apice rotundata. Pedes breves, antici validiores, femora incrassata, tibiæ anticæ trigonatæ, intermediæ integræ, posticæ breviores; tarsi omnes breves,
antici latiores. Pro- et meso-sterna elevata, hoc antice dentato. Abdomen segmento ultimo elongato. Corpus subdepressum.
This genus was accidentally omitted from the table (ante, p. 96), but it will stand after Ipocregyes, from which it differs in its large head, elongate mandibles, short scape strongly produced at the apex, stouter legs, particularly of the fore pair (which are both larger and thicker in both sexes), and other characters. The curious little insect, at present the only member of the genus, is remarkable for its large head and short scape, this latter character being quite at variance with those of its sub-family; it is, however, so nearly allied to other species of the group, that it could not, without violence, be separated from them.
Mnemea phalerata. (Pl. VII. fig. 8.)
M. rufo-ferruginea, pube fulvo-grisea tecta; prothorace elytrisque vitta laterali alba, postice transversim ad suturam currente.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Rufous-brown with a thin fulvous-grey pubescence, a white stripe extending from over the eye, along the sides of the prothorax and elytra, crossing the latter to meet the suture at about one-third of its length from the apex: above rather coarsely but thinly punctured, particularly on the prothorax, the punctures showing strongly between the pubescence; head with a well defined median line; lip narrow and elongate; prothorax slightly lobed posteriorly; scutellum rounded behind; elytra a little broader than the prothorax at the base, slightly receding at the shoulders, the stripe crossing just above them; body beneath covered with a short greyish pubescence; legs reddish-grey, the distal ends of the tibiæ and the tarsi dark brown; antennæ about as long as the body in both sexes, slightly fimbriated beneath.
Length 3½—4 lines.
CLYZOMEDUS.
Caput, oculi et antennæ (articulo ultimo haud unguiculato excepto) ut in Coptope. Prothorax capite vix latior, antice posticeque æqualis, disco regulari. Elytra parallela, sub-irregularia, apice integra. Pedes mediocres, æquales; protibiœ rectæ; tarsi breves. Prosternum elevatum, postice productum. Mesosternum antice dentatum.
A slighter form than Coptops (to which it was originally referred), with the prothorax narrower at the base, and the prosternum
I 2
strongly produced posteriorly. The female appears to be larger and stouter, with slightly shorter antennæ. I have seen specimens from Pulo Penang; a second species is also found in that island.
Clyzomedus nanus. (Pl. VIII. fig. 4.)
Coptops nanus, Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, v. 39.
C. griseo-pubescens, fortiter punctatus; elytris subtrifasciatis.
Hab.—Aru, Dorey.
Covered with a short greyish pubescence, through which the coarse punctures appear, giving the upper surface a spotted appearance; prothorax with a small tooth at the side; elytra with three interrupted, flexuous, transverse, dark brown lines, a fourth sometimes near the apex; body beneath brown, sparsely pubescent; legs obscurely banded with brown; antennæ greyish, the tips of the third and following joints more or less dark brown.
Length 3½—5 lines.
COPTOPS.
Lachnia, deuxième division Coptops, Serville, Ann. Soc. Ent. de France, iv. 64.
Caput antice subtransversum, vertice elevato, tuberibus antenniferis brevibus, remotis. Oculi mediocres, fere divisi. Antennæ in maribus corpore longiores; scapo cylindrico et articulo tertio longiore; sequentibus brevioribus, ultimo apice unguiculato. Prothorax transversus, capite latior, lateribus antice dentatus, disco sub-irregularis, basin versus latior. Elytra oblonga vel subtrigonata, fere regularia, apice integra. Pedes robusti, generaliter æquales, protibiæ rectæ, tarsi breves, triangulares. Prosternum elevatum, rotundatum. Mesosternum antice dentatum, vel productum.
Technically this is rather a weakly characterized genus, and Serville, whilst recognizing its distinctness as a group of some sort, seems to have had no better plan than attaching it as a "division" to Lachnia, which, from his description, appears to belong to the Hypselominæ. The genus is well represented in Africa, and on the mainland of Asia. Mr. Wallace's Collection contains nine very distinct species, all, with some exceptions, tolerably homogeneous, but owing to the mixed and indefinite style of their coloration very difficult to describe; and this difficulty is increased from the circumstance that individuals vary among themselves. Generally the derm is dark brown and glossy to a certain extent,
sometimes entirely covered with the pubescence, at other times the pubescence is so thin that the derm may be readily seen, and imparts its colour to modify the general effect, or portions of it may be absent or nearly so, and then there are spots or patches of irregular shape, not always exactly the same even in the same species.
There is also frequently a little dark ring formed round the edges of the punctures; these in the following descriptions I have spoken of as "puncta" or "points" to distinguish them from ordinary spots or "maculæ." The puncturation, otherwise, is everywhere very fine, and is not to be seen without a lens. The mesial line on the head is very slight, scarcely forming a sulcation. The prothorax, shorter or more transverse in the female, is, sometimes, much broader at the base than anteriorly, but this is a character which can scarcely be realized by description, unless when very decided. The disc is generally marked by a more or less V-shaped impression anteriorly, posteriorly a similar mark is reversed, the apices of the two being connected by another short longitudinal impression; the anterior mark, and sometimes the posterior, runs into a transverse groove; generally, too, the disc has two small tubercles, one on each side of the longitudinal impression. The slight variations which occur in these characters are very difficult to define so as to be thoroughly intelligible.
In nearly all the species the antennæ are annulated with white or pale grey; this colour is found at the bases of most, sometimes of all, the joints, beginning with the third. Except in C. undulata, the elytra are rounded at the apex. In C. lacertosa the fore legs of the male are longer and stouter than the intermediate and posterior; in a less degree, this is also the case with C. polyspila, C. pardalis, and a few others not in this Collection. This character gives them a somewhat different habit from the more normal species. The males have longer antennæ than the females, and it may be generally noticed that their elytra are much more trigonate in outline.
Coptops illicita.
C. brunneo-grisescente-pubescens; elytris punctis numerosis fuscis et fere obsolete fusco-plagiatis; pedibus nigro-annulatis; antennis nigricantibus, griseo-annulatis.
Hab.—Saylee.
Covered with a close brownish-grey pubescence, with indistinct brownish points and patches chiefly confined to the elytra; head, prothorax and scutellum nearly uniformly dull greyish; elytra having the largest patch of brown behind the shoulder, the rest
very cloudy and indefinite; body beneath with an extremely fine grey pubescence, the sides of the pectus ochreous; legs distinctly ringed with black, the tarsi black, except the two basal joints, which are pale grey; antennæ blackish, the third to the eighth joints greyish at the base.
Length 7 lines.
Coptops lichenea.
C. canescente-pubescens, punctis numerosis et maculis indistinctis, his præcipue supra elytra sitis, humeros prope macula ochracea; antennis pedibusque rufescente-griseis, nigro-annulatis.
Hab.—Malacca.
Pubescence pale ashy with brownish points, the elytra indistinctly clouded with brownish; head with several spots of ochraceous; the elytra near the shoulders with a distinct ochreous patch, the basal portion more thickly and coarsely punctured than elsewhere; body beneath reddish-grey at the sides, the centre of the abdominal segments glabrous; legs with a reddish tinge, annulated with black, the tarsi with the two basal joints pale grey, the remainder black; antennæ blackish, the first two joints ochreous, the bases of the following six pale ashy.
Length 7 lines.
Coptops tabida.
C. rufescente-grisea, punctis plurimis fuscis; elytris fusco-plagiatis; antennis pedibusque nigro-annulatis, scapo fusco-maculato.
Hab.—Macassar.
Pubescence reddish-grey with scattered brown points, the elytra clouded with pale brown patches, one behind the shoulder being the most distinct, two towards the apex smaller and paler; body beneath and legs greyish pubescent, the latter annulated with black; tarsi dark brown, except the two basal joints, which are pale greyish; antennæ dark brown, the third and following joints greyish at the base, the first and second joints also greyish, the former spotted with brown.
Length 5 lines.
Coptops polyspila.
C. nigra, pube alba ochraceo-irrorata, punctis numerosis nigris, elytro singulo plagis duabus fasciiformibus nigris glabris; tarsi albescentes, articulis tertio et quarto apicem versus nigris.
Hab.—Pulo Penang.
Black, with a white pubescence thickly speckled with ochraceous, with numerous spots and points of black on the head, prothorax, and elytra, each of the latter with two glabrous nitid irregular band-like patches, at nearly equal distances from each other, the base, and the apex; body beneath greyish, ochraceous and spotted at the sides; legs banded with black, the tarsi whitish, with the third joint and the apex of the claw-joint black; antennæ black, the basal joint varied with grey, the third and the succeed-joints, except the last, greyish at the base.
Length 7—8 lines.
Coptops pardalis.
Abryna pardalis, Pascoe, Journ. of Entom. i. 340.
C. albo- vel griseo-pubescens, punctis numerosis, et plagis subfasciiformibus tribus nigris distinctis; scutello tarsisque nigris; antennis nigris, albo-annulatis.
Hab.—Ceram, Bourn, Batchian.
Varying from a nearly pure white to a greyish or ochreous-grey pubescence, with numerous black points, and three large well-defined black band-like patches on each elytron, the upper sometimes entirely covering the shoulder; head nearly black in front, with a few white spots on the vertex; prothorax irregular, spotted with black, the spots more or less confluent; scutellum black; elytra broad at the base, the separation of colours very distinct, the portion between the black patches forming a pale broad median band; body beneath greyish, with black spots at the sides; legs barred with black and white, the tarsi mostly entirely black; antennæ black, the third to the sixth joints whitish at the base.
Length 7—9 lines.*
* Another species, allied to this, from Cambodia (C. vomicosa) must also be separated from Abryna, as it is now limited, although perhaps, from their more trigonate and convex elytra, pardalis and vomicosa may be thought to accord somewhat less decidedly with Coptops. In the same category with these will stand a new and handsome species, which may be named
Coptops petechialis.
C. rufo-brunnea, punctis nigris albisque numerosis; antennis pedibusque lateritiis, nigro-annulatis.
Hab.—Cambodia.
Closely covered with a reddish-brown pubescence, with numerous black and white points; the latter absent from two transverse patches on each elytron; all the white spots have not a central puncture, but are sometimes placed behind and adjoining the black; body beneath with a reddish pubescence spotted with grey, the middle of the abdominal segments glabrous; antennæ and legs clear brick-red, ringed with black, the former have all the joints, except the first and second, black at their tips; the tarsi are entirely red, except the tip of the claw-joint and claws.
Length 8 lines.
Coptops auguralis.
C. pube obscura grisea albescente et fulvescente varia; prothorace transverso, postice latiore; elytris punctis numerosis minutis et fasciis duabus fuscis irregularibus et subobsoletis; tarsis, articulo ultimo excepto, griseis.
Hab.—Timor.
Dull greyish, with a very obscure mixture of ochraceous and white, the former predominating and somewhat spotty; two very indistinct bands of brown on each elytron, the first a little distant from the base, and forming two or three patches, the second behind the middle, very irregular and less divided; numerous small brown points over all, except on the bands; body beneath and legs ochreous-grey, the latter indistinctly ringed with brown; tarsi, except the last joint, whitish or pale grey; antennæ with the five intermediate joints obscurely ringed with greyish, and equally fimbriated throughout.
Length 6—8 lines.
Coptops lecideosa.
C. fusca, glabra, subnitida (maculis ochraceis pubescentibus exceptis); capite prothoraceque ochraceo-vittatis; elytris maculis oblongis irregularibus; tarsis, articulo ultimo excepto, griseis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Glabrous, dark brown and slightly shining, with stripes and patches of ochraceous pubescence; the stripes and patches rendered irregular by spots and indentations of brown, and a few of them bordered with a very fine line of white; head and prothorax striped; elytra with oblong patches, very intricate and irregular, but mostly of large size, and more or less confluent, especially posteriorly; body beneath black, glabrous, the pectus with patches of ochreous pubescence, the abdominal segments bordered with long silky greyish hairs; legs thinly pubescent, greyish; tarsi, except the last joint, entirely greyish; antennæ brown, with the third to the sixth joints greyish at the base.
Length 8 lines.
A very distinct species, but varying in depth of colour and amount of glabrity, the latter probably from abrasion.
Coptops undulata.
C. pubescens; capite prothoracisque dimidio apicali brunneoochraceis; hujus dimidio basali et elytrorum basi fuscis; cæterum elytris supra albis pallide fusco-irroratis, apice subtruncatis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Pubescence rather thin, brownish-ochraceous on the head and anterior half of the prothorax, dark chesnut-brown on the posterior half and base of the elytra, but shading off posteriorly, rest of the elytra whitish, spotted with pale brown, punctures well marked, but few of them ringed; besides the smaller spots there are two series of larger spots on each elytron, but in some individuals the anterior series is nearly obsolete, apex subtruncate, but the outer angle slightly rounded; body beneath with a thin greyish pubescence; legs greyish, partially ringed, the tips of the tibiæ gradually deepening into dark brown, the tarsi also brown; antennæ greyish, the basal joint slightly spotted with brown, the third to the eighth or ninth joints brown at the apex, the last two entirely brown.
Length 8 lines.
Coptops lacertosa.
C. fusca, obscure fulvescente- et brunnescente-pubescens elytris trigonatis, punctis numerosis fuscis, humeris valde productis; pedibus nigricantibus; antennis obscure annulatis.
Hab.—Pulo Penang.
Dark brown with a pubescence of a dull brownish-yellow tinge; the elytra trigonate, very slightly convex, with numerous dark brown points, mixed with little irregular spots, more or less hooked or curved, of pale straw yellow, behind the middle a clouded patch of a darker hue, but indefinite, shoulders very prominent; body beneath spotted with greyish and pale brown; legs blackish, thinly pubescent; antennæ blackish, the joints from the third to the tenth obscurely greyish at the base.
Length 12 lines.
SAMIA.
Caput et oculi ut in Coptope. Antennæ corpore longiores, leviter fimbriatæ; scapo cylindrico et articulo tertio breviore; cæteris gradatim decrescentibus, articulo ultimo haud unguiculato. Prothorax capite vix latior, antice posticeque æqualis, lateraliter obtuse dentatus, disco irregulari. Elytra
ut in Coptope. Pedes æquales; protibiæ rectæ; tarsi breves, subangusti. Pro- et meso-sterna ut in Coptope.
The form of the prothorax, in conjunction with the normal proportion of the length of the scape to that of the third joint of the antennæ, and the non-unguiculate apex of the last joint, will readily distinguish this genus from Coptops; while the rounded prosternum, inter alia, separates it from Clyzomedus. The three species are on the whole tolerably homogeneous in point of form; in size, judging from the few specimens before me, there is a little discrepancy.
Samia albidorsalis. (Pl. VIII. fig. 6.)
S. albescente-pubescens; elytrorum dimidio basali fuscescente.
Hab.—Sarawak, Singapore.
Chesnut-brown, with a short, thickish, greyish-white pubescence; head slightly blotched with brown; lip very short, fulvous; palpi ferruginous; prothorax slightly constricted above towards the apex, two well marked tuberosities on the disc, the side slightly toothed anteriorly; scutellum triangular, bordered with brown; elytra thinly punctured, a slightly elevated tuberosity towards the base of each, the apical half pale brownish, but darker at its anterior border, and a darker patch also between it and the apex; body beneath sparingly pubescent, dark testaceous, with a ferruginous spot on each side of the first four abdominal segments; legs whitish, two bands on the tibiæ and the tarsi dark brown; antennæ whitish, with all the joints gradually acquiring more and more dark brown at their tips.
Length 9 lines.
Samia revoluta.
S. albescente-pubescens; prothorace elytrisque fuscescente-maculatis, his etiam sub-bifasciatis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Whitish pubescent, with ill-defined brownish patches; head blotched with greyish, the cheeks and below the eyes dark brown; palpi brown; prothorax bluntly toothed at the sides, the disc unequal, marked with three brown spots; scutellum transverse, rounded behind; elytra finely and irregularly punctured, with a large tri-lobed patch towards the base, behind the middle of each a crescent-shaped band, the two meeting at the suture and having their convexity directed forwards, and a similar but smaller band near the apex, all white; the brown is composed of two or three shades passing into each other and into the white; body beneath brownish-testaceous with a grey pile, each side of the first four
abdominal segments with a ferruginous spot; legs whitish, two bands on the tibiæ and the last two joints of the tarsi dark brown; antennæ with the tips of all the joints, except the first two, dark brown.
Length 5 lines.
Samia diversa.
S. fuscescente-pubescens, fusco- vel nigro-variegata; elytris apicem versus fasciis duabus interruptis albis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Brownish pubescent, with dark-brown and white spots; head with indistinct brown lines in front and beneath the eyes; palpi fulvous; prothorax with three distinct tuberosities on the disc, the side shortly toothed anteriorly; scutellum transverse, rounded behind; elytra irregularly punctured, principally at the base, light brown, with a few dark brown or nearly black spots and smaller spots of white which are so much more collected towards the apex as to form two incomplete bands; body beneath yellowish-brown with a sparse greyish pile, each of the first four abdominal segments with a darker spot on each side; legs and antennæ obscurely ringed with light and dark brown.
Length 6 lines.
AGELASTA.
Agelasta, Newman, The Entom. i. 288.
Caput antice transversum, infra oculos haud dilatatum, fronte convexa, tuberibus antenniferis fere obsoletis. Oculi mediocres, fere divisi. Antennæ 11-articulatæ, rarissime in maribus 12-articulatæ, corpore breviores vel longiores, basi valde distantes; scapo subcylindrico, aut articulo tertio breviore, aut sæpius longiore (in typo A. transversa fere æquali); cæteris gradatim decrescentibus. Mandibulæ validæ. Prothorax transversus, disco regulari, lateribus rotundatus et basin versus sensim latior. Elytra subtrigonata, regularia, apice integra. Pedes inæquales, antici longiores; protibiæ curvatæ, intermediæ integræ; tarsi breves, articulis tribus primis transversis, in maribus aliquando fimbriatis. Prosternum elevatum. Mesosternum antice dilatatum et paulo productum.
The type of this genus is a Manillan insect (A. transversa), described with two other species by Mr. Newman in 1842. Mr. Wallace's researches have added nine more to the list, of which five have been described by Mr. White, and another by myself.
Besides these the late M. Mouhot obtained three species in Cambodia, which were published by me as Agelastæ, but only one of which can be retained in the genus as here defined.* I have also species in my collection from Pulo Penang and from Patani in Malacca, † and another from Java, unpublished, is the Chœromorpha pigra of Dejean's Catalogue. The species with scarcely an exception are remarkably distinct, and, omitting one, which is only placed here provisionally, the genus, as now limited, is a very natural one. Nevertheless there are certain peculiarities which it may be well to notice. In A. irrorata, there is a very decided process on the side of the prothorax, not exactly a tubercle or a tooth (as in A. Polynesus), and there is a little angularity also in A. sobrina and A. sulphurea. The male A. Wallacei has the antennæ scarcely longer than the body, while in A. sobrina they are half as long again. In the male of a species from Penang (not yet published), and apparently so closely allied to A. Wallacei
* The other two form two genera, viz.:—
DISSOSIRA.
Characteres fere ut in Agelasta, sed antennarum articulo tertio scapum superante, prothorace suboblongo, cylindrico, antice transversim impresso, et pedibus subæqualibus.
The type is—
Dissosira catenata.
Agelasta catenata, Pascoe, Journ. of Entom. i. 336.
and
HELIXOEA.
Characteres fere ut in Agelasta, sed antennarum articulo tertio scapum longe superante, prothorace parvo, antice posticeque æquali (et lateraliter rotundato), mesosterno dentato, pedibus subæqualibus.
The type is—
Helizoea rupta.
Agelasta rupta, Pascoe, Journ. of Entom. i. 355.
† This may be defined as follows:—
Agelasta lar.
A. nigra, nitida, pube albida interrupta tenuiter tecta; antennis pedibusque anticis elongatis.
Hab. Malacca (Patani).
Black, shining, with an interrupted thin whitish pubescence, giving the prothorax, and especially the elytra, a very mottled appearance; prothorax almost as broad as the elytra, rather irregular at the sides; elytra short, with shallow dispersed punctures, principally at the base; body beneath and legs blackish, with a pale grey pile; protibiæ nearly as long as the elytra; tarsi whitish, the claw joint dark brown, except at the base; antennæ half as long again as the body, darkish, the bases of the third to the sixth or seventh joints paler.
Length 6 lines.
that I at first thought it might be a variety of it, the antennæ are twelve-jointed; the supplementary joint is not simply an appendage of the eleventh, but in all respects a true and perfect joint. A. callizona has the distal end of the protibiæ densely tufted. In the female of A. Polynesus the antennæ are thickened towards the apex. Excluding A. basalis, which cannot be considered a true Agelasta, the genus might be divided into two sections, 1st, those with the third joint of the antennæ longer than the scape, and 2nd, those in which it is shorter; but between these there is the Manillan A. transversa, in which they are about equal. This, therefore, seems to be one of those genera in which the comparative lengths of these joints (which generally afford most reliable characters, and this may also be said of the antennæ to a certain extent), are to be considered as only of secondary importance.
All the members of this genus met with by Mr. Wallace were found on fallen trees, but "fell off and lay as if dead when disturbed." A. Newmanni was found "flying above newly fallen timber."
* Prothorax rounded at the sides.
Agelasta callizona.
White, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1856, p. 409, pl. xl. fig. 13.
A. fusca, disperse griseo-pubescens; elytris fascia lata mediana apiceque rubescentibus.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Dark brown, with a sparse greyish pile, the shallow punctures giving it a spotted appearance, a broad band across the middle of the elytra, and the apex, reddish or brownish-red; prothorax rounded at the sides; scutellum slightly transverse, rounded behind; body beneath dark brown, subnitid, side of the metathorax with a greyish pile; legs with a close reddish-brown pile, ends of the tibiæ, particularly of the anterior, clothed with long black hairs, tarsi with the first two joints and base of the third black, claws black, the rest white; antennæ dark brown, base of the fifth and nearly the whole of the sixth joint reddish.
Length 6—7 lines.
Agelasta Wallacei.
White, Cat. Long. Brit. Mus. (1855), pl. x. fig. 10 (sine descript.), id. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1856, p. 409.
A. fusca, pube alba tenuissima et densissima ornata; capite
prothoraceque fuscis, albo-vittatis; elytris fuscis, fascia latissima alba.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Dark chocolate-brown, with a very thin pile of the same colour, and bands and stripes composed of a very dense and fine white pubescence; head and prothorax with four white stripes, sometimes with three intermediate ones also; scutellum slightly transverse, rounded behind; elytra with a broad white band, occasionally with spots at the base, more frequently with spots towards the apex; body beneath glossy brown, metasternum and margins of the abdominal segments white; legs covered with a greyish-white pile, except the first two joints of the tarsi, the basal half of the third, the apex of the claw-joint and the claws, which are black; antennæ also covered with a close greyish-white pile, the tips of the third to the sixth joints, and the whole of the remaining joints, brown.
Length 4½—6 lines.
Agelasta Polynesus.
White, Cat. Long. Brit. Mus. (1855), pl. x. fig. 9 (sine descript.), id. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1856, p. 410.
A. pube tenuissima et densissima vestita; capite, prothorace, elytrisque lineis albis subobliquis numerosis dispositis.
Hab.—Sarawak, Singapore.
Covered with a very fine and dense dark brown pubescence, marked with slightly oblique, narrow, white stripes; on the head the white predominates, but there are four dark stripes between the antennæ, and one below each eye; on the prothorax there are eight, and they are less pubescent than the white portion, the two central stripes, however, are sometimes united posteriorly; scutellum white; on the elytra the white stripes, more or less interrupted, sometimes broken up into spots, run from the base towards the suture; body beneath and legs covered with a greyish-white pile; antennæ dark brown, the scape, and third, fourth and fifth joints at the base, greyish; in the female the antennæ are thickened towards the apex.
Length 5—7 lines.
Agelasta Newmanni.
White, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1856, p. 410, pl. xl. fig. 15.
A. fusca, pube subtilissima cinerea tecta; elytris cinereis, fasciis duabus fuscis ornatis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Pale ashy, with a brown band on the prothorax, and two on the elytra, the ashy colour caused by a very delicate closely-set pubescence, the brown consisting merely of the derm; head entirely ashy; on the prothorax the band occupies the central third; on the elytra the first band occurs directly between the middle and the base, the second a little behind the middle, sometimes a spot or two on the ashy portions; body beneath more or less glabrous; legs dull ashy, the distal extremities of the tibiæ and the tarsi brown; antennæ brown, the scape and bases of the third to the fifth joints, ashy.
Length 5—7 lines.
Agelasta sobrina.
A. tenuiter pubescens, fusca, fulvo- vel rufescente-varia et albomaculata; capite lato, fronte maculata; antennarum articulo tertio quarto longiore.
Hab.—Sarawak, Banca, Malacca.
Pale fuscous, with a short interrupted pubescence; head rather broad in both sexes, spotted with whitish, the spots more or less numerous and coalescing, in the more perfect examples forming a vermicular pattern; prothorax also spotted with white, the spots generally taking a longitudinal direction, sometimes broken up into no determinate figure; scutellum broadly triangular, sometimes with a white border; elytra brown, varying as to amount and intricacy of rufous or fulvous colouring in every specimen, or even on different sides of the same individual, but the two colours always very distinct and separated in many parts by small white spots; body beneath glossy black, with a white pile at thé sides; legs pale chesnut, the tibiæ and tarsi with a greyish-white pile, the tips of the former, and distal extremities of the latter, black; antennæ brown, darker towards the end, with the second and bases of the third and following joints to the sixth whitish, scape ashy white with brown spots, the third joint longer than the fourth; protibiæ of the male greatly elongate.
Length 5—8 lines.
Agelasta amica.
A. amicus, White, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1856, p. 410, pl. xl. fig. 14.
A. tenuiter pubescens, fusca, rufescente-varia et albo-maculata; capite angustiore, fronte albo-vittata; antennarum articulo tertio quarto multo breviore.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Very closely resembles the last, but without a doubt it is very
distinct and may be known at once by the third antennal joint being very much shorter than the fourth, by its much smaller or rather narrower head, especially below the eyes, and by the longitudinal lines which descend in front, in form resembling the letter W; the eyes are also larger, and there is only about their own length between them and the basal line above the mandibles, while it is nearly twice the distance in A. sobrina. Little can be said for colour in so variable a species as the former, but in this the elytra are everywhere spotted or rather speckled with white, while in A. sobrina the speckles only occur on the brown portion or at the extreme edge of the rufous; legs and antennæ less distinctly coloured; protibiæ in the male (in my specimen) not much larger than in the female.
Length 7—8 lines.
* * Prothorax somewhat toothed or projecting at the sides.
Agelasta irrorata.
Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 100.
A. nigra, nitida, leviter cinereo-pubescens; elytris nigro-irroratis guttisque albis ornatis; antennis, tibiis, tarsisque albo-annulatis.
Hab.—Singapore.
Black and shining, with a very short and thin ashy pubescence; head with a uniform sparse ashy or greyish pile; prothorax speckled with black, and having an angular projection on each side anteriorly; scutellum subtriangular, its apex rounded; elytra with numerous small black spots, and about thirteen pure white ones, three of these being on the suture and common to both elytra; body beneath glossy black, with spots or patches of greyish pile; legs black, the tibiæ with a whitish ring in the middle; tarsi black, the last two joints white; antennæ black, the bases of the fourth, fifth and sixth joints white.
Length 8 lines.
Agelasta sulphurea. (Pl. VII. fig. 6.)
A. nigra, nitida, leviter cinereo-pubescens; elytris nigro-irroratis, fasciis duabus cinereis ornatis; antennis pedibusque fuscis; tibiis tarsisque dense griseo-pubescentibus.
Hab.—Macassar.
Black or rather dark brown, shining, with a short, interrupted, ashy pile; head glabrous, except the narrow pubescent stripes on the vertex, and another over the eye descending to the lip; prothorax partially pubescent at the sides, which are prominently
rounded, nearly glabrous in the middle; scutellum transverse, rounded behind; elytra with the pubescence closely condensed at the base, and a little behind the middle, thence forming two broad well-marked bands,* rest of the elytra spotted or patchy from the absence of pubescence; body beneath glossy brown or black, the abdominal segments bordered with white; antennæ and legs brown, the tibiæ gradually becoming greyish from the increase of pubescence, the tarsi entirely pubescent.
Length 8½ lines.
The following is provisionally placed in this genus.
Agelasta basalis.
A. pube subtilissima rufo-fusca griseo-irrorata tecta; elytrorum singulorum basi macula ochracea.
Hab.—Menado.
Covered with a very delicate reddish-brown pubescence, spotted with greyish, and having at the base of each elytron an ochraceous patch; head obscurely mottled with greyish and brown; prothorax not much narrower anteriorly than behind; scutellum dark brown; elytra with two large patches on each side free from the greyish spots, otherwise these spots are very irregular, some of them being confluent, but the greater part are isolated and very distinct; body beneath with a greyish pile on the breast, reddish-yellow on the abdomen; legs rather obscurely ringed with dark brown and grey; the tarsi, except the extremity of the claw-joint, pale ashy; antennæ dark brown, the bases of the joints, from the third inclusive, pale ashy.
Length 6 lines.
This species differs considerably from the rest of the genus; but in the absence of any decided character, and as I have only a single example, I am unwilling to propose a new genus for its reception. It is much less robust in its habit, narrower, the sides more parallel, and although a male, the fore-legs are not very perceptibly thicker or longer than the others; they are, however, slightly curved, which, with other discrepancies, prevents it being placed in Sorbia.
SYRRHOPEUS.
Caput antice quadratum, tuberibus antenniferis distantibus. Oculi profunde emarginati. Antennæ corpore longiores;
* Mr. Wallace, in his notes, says, that when living it is "irrorated with bright sulphur yellow, forming bands."
VOL. III. THIRD SERIES, PART II.—AUG. 1865. K
scapo elongato, cylindrico; articulo tertio longiore; cæteris decrescentibus. Mandibulæ paulo elongatæ. Prothorax suboblongus, capite vix latior, lateribus rotundatus. Elytra oblonga, cylindrica, paulo angusta. Pedes inæquales, antici longiores; tibiæ anticæ rectæ, intermediæ extus cristatæ; tarsi antici elongati, articulis duobus primis late tringularibus, intermedii et postici breves. Mesosternum dentatum, haud dilatatum.
A beautiful insect, having a singular resemblance to Agelasta callizona in its coloration, is the sole representative of this genus. From Agelasta, however, it is abundantly distinct, not only in the form of the prothorax and mesosternum, but also in the straightness of the protibiæ,* and the elongated, parallel, and dilated anterior tarsi, while on the prothorax little glossy black granulations take the place of punctures.
Syrrhopeus agelastoides. (Pl. VII. fig. 3.)
S. tenuiter pubescens, dense fusco-irroratus; prothorace granuloso; elytris fascia lata mediana apiceque rubescentibus.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Covered with a short dense pubescence of a reddish colour, very closely spotted with brown on the upper surface, except the bands on the elytra, but less so on the anterior femora and base of the antennæ; head nearly as broad as the prothorax, the latter scarcely longer than broad, the sides regularly rounded, the disc with black glossy granules; scutellum somewhat quadrate; elytra punctured, chiefly at the base, with a few scattered granules, the median band rather broad and of a clear pale brick-red colour, the apex also of the same colour; body beneath dark brown, with a very sparse greyish pubescence; legs mostly reddish, the anterior femora spotted with brown, the distal extremities of the tibiæ, the basal joints of the intermediate and posterior, and the two basal joints of the anterior, tarsi, the tips of the claw-joints and the claws, black; antennæ reddish, the tips of the third and most of the following joints black.
Length 7 lines.
SORBIA.
Caput antice transversum, infra oculos paulo dilatatum, fronte convexa, tuberibus antenniferis brevibus. Oculi mediocres, fere divisi. Antennæ corpore longiores, basi valde distantes;
* These and their tarsi are incorrectly given in the figure.
scapo subcylindrico; articulo tertio longiore; sequentibus brevioribus et gradatim decrescentibus. Prothorax capite non latior, transverse subcylindricus, linea impressa antica. Elytra oblonga, parallela, regularia. Pedes breves; protibiæ rectæ; tarsi omnes trigonati. Prosternum elevatum. Mesosternum antice dentatum.
The only species of this genus has very much the habit of Agelasta basalis (ante, p. 129), but is distinguished by several characters, notably by the form of the mesosternum.
Sorbia tarsalis. (Pl. VI. fig. 5.)
S. tenuiter pubescens, ochracea, dense fusco-irrorata; elytris fascia irregulari ochracea post medium; tarsis albidis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Pubescence very short, ochraceous, closely sprinkled with dark brown; head rather roughly pubescent, with a few back granules on the vertex, lip hairy, very narrow and elongate; prothorax nearly parallel at the sides behind the anterior impressed line, the disc with numerous granules; scutellum subtransverse; elytra rather distinctly punctured at the base, with a few granules, behind the middle a narrow but rather interrupted and zig-zag ochraceous band, in another specimen the band is represented by a few oblong patches placed nearly side by side; body beneath dark brown, shining, with a thin greyish pile; legs pale greyish, mottled with brown; tarsi with the two intermediate joints, and the adjoining portion of the claw-joint, whitish; apex of the claw-joint, claws, and basal joint, dark brown; antennæ varied, the scape and basal half of the third joint pale greyish, spotted with brown, the rest of the antennæ dark brown, with the bases of the fourth and fifth, and the eighth, ninth and tenth joints, pale greyish.
Length 7 lines.
ALE.
Caput antice subquadratum, tuberibus antenniferis validis, fronte sulcata. Oculi laterales, valde emarginati. Antennæ corpore longiores; scapo cylindrico; articulis tertio et quarto longioribus et æqualibus; sequentibus multo brevioribus. Prothorax suboblongus, capite latior, antice transversim impressus, lateraliter vix rotundatus. Elytra oblonga, basi subcristata. Pedes mediocres; protibiæ subcurvatæ; tarsi haud dilatati; coxæ anticæ productæ. Prosternum demissum. Mesosternum antice leviter rotundatum.
K 2
The anterior coxæ in this genus are remarkably produced, while the prosternum scarcely rises above their roots, and the mesosternum is gently rounded anteriorly, and neither dilated nor toothed. The crest at the base of each elytron is very small, and is accompanied by two slightly elevated lines externally. The transverse impression on the prothorax is joined behind by a shallow longitudinal excavation, dividing the disc into two very slight lobes. In habit and dullness of coloration the genus resembles some species of Praonetha.
Ale agraria. (Pl. VI. fig. 6.)
A. modice pubescens, fusca, leviter griseo-varia.
Hab.—Batchian.
Covered with a short, moderately dense, darkish brown pubescence, slightly varied with grey; head deeply sulcated between the antennary tubers, clothed with a yellowish-grey pile; prothorax slightly punctured, abruptly narrowed anteriorly, behind which its sides are nearly parallel; scutellum nearly semicircular; elytra irregularly punctured, the punctures nearly confined to the basal half, crest at the base small and tooth-like, two raised lines externally, not extending to the apex, a light grey spot at the end of the innermost, and a few obscure greyish patches, chiefly towards the base; body beneath brownish; legs and antennæ very slightly pubescent.
Length 6 lines.
ÆSOPIDA.
Æsopida, J. Thomson, Syst. Ceramb. p. 62.
Caput antice transversum, inter oculos concavum, tuberibus antenniferis validis, divergentibus. Oculi fere divisi. Antennæ breves; scapo cylindrico; articulo tertio curvato, scapo æquali; cæteris multo brevioribus et decrescentibus. Prothorax transversus, lateribus subparallelus, dentatus, disco irregularis. Elytra subbrevia, irregularia, basi cristata. Pedes mediocres, subæquales; protibiæ flexuosæ; tarsi triangulares. Prosternum elevatum, planatum, postice productum. Mesosternum elevatum, antice dentatum.
There appears to be only one species of this genus, which will be readily recognized by its irregular elytra, crested at the base, and by the raised lines forming a rude kind of reticulation over them.
Æsopida Malasiaca.
J. Thomson, Syst. Ceramb. p. 62.
Æ. griseo-pubescens, lineis elevatis nigris.
Hab.—Malacca.
Glossy black, the hollows on the upper surface filled in with a greyish pile; head with two short raised lines on the vertex; lip and epistome produced; prothorax with three well marked but very slightly elevated stripes, the middle one dividing posteriorly; scutellum small, subtriangular; elytra rather short, a large prominent crest at the base of each, the rest of the elytra with broad strongly-raised irregular longitudinal coarsely-punctured lines, the apex sinuato-truncate; body beneath and legs black, with a greyish pile; antennæ, from the fourth joint to the apex, ringed with black.
Length 5—7 lines.
GOLSINDA.
Golsinda, J. Thomson, Essai, &c., p. 343.
Caput antice transversum, infra oculos dilatatum, vertice elevato, tuberibus antenniferis validis, divergentibus, basi approximatis. Oculi subfrontales, late emarginati. Antennæ in maribus longissimæ; scapo elongato, clavato; articulo tertio longiore, arcuato; sequentibus, ultimo excepto, gradatim decrescentibus; in fœminis articulo tertio scapo breviore. Prothorax tumidus, lateraliter muticus, rotundatus. Elytra oblonga, regularia, subdepressa, apice integra, humeris productis. Pedes robusti, antici in maribus elongati; protibiæ curvatæ, intus pluri-dentatæ (♂), intermediæ haud cristatæ; tarsi subtriangulares. Prosternum elevatum, postice angulatum. Mesosternum antice dentatum.
The sole exponent of this genus is a very handsome insect, first found at Sarawak by Mr. Wallace, and subsequently in Laos by M. Mouhot. It is allied to, but is very distinct from, the two following genera. The antennæ vary in length in both sexes.
Golsinda corallina.
J. Thomson, Essai, &c., p. 344.
G. castaneo-fusca, maculis pubescentibus aurantiacis ornata.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Dark chesnut-brown, with large spots of tawny-yellow pubescence; head with five spots in front, and a band beneath each eye; prothorax slightly constricted anteriorly, the disc longitu-
dinally sulcated and slightly corrugated transversely, the principal spots are one central, two anterior and four lateral; scutellum subquadrate; elytra oblong, rather depressed, three principal spots on the suture, one on each shoulder and one at the apex on each side, the remainder irregularly dispersed; body beneath glossy chesnut-brown; legs brown, the femora and tibiæ ringed with orange; the tarsi orange, except the base of the first joint and apex of the last; antennæ brown, with the third to the sixth joints orange at the base.
Length 6—12 lines.
PALIMNA.
Palimna, Pascoe, Journ. of Entom. i. 346 (1862).
Cylanca, J. Thomson, Syst. Ceramb. p. 58 (1864).
Caput antice quadratum, tuberibus antenniferis validis, divergentibus, basi approximatis. Oculi late emarginati. Antennæ in maribus longissimæ; scapo obconico; articulo tertio recto, duplo longiore; cæteris paulo brevioribus, fere subæqualibus, vel leviter gradatim decrescentibus, ultimo præcedente longiore excepto; articulo septimo apice lateraliter laminato-producto; in fœminis articulis tertio et sequentibus multo brevioribus. Prothorax capite vix latior, quadratus, irregularis, lateraliter dentatus. Elytra subtrigonata, irregularia, lateribus oblique angulato-deflexa, humeris producto-acutis, apice integra. Pedes robusti, antici in maribus elongati; protibiæ curvatæ, intus apicem versus unidentatæ; intermediæ in utroque sexu extus cristatæ; tarsi subtriangulares. Pro- et meso-sterna simplicia, hoc antice rotundato.
The characters which separate this genus from Golsinda are principally the comparatively short and obconical scape, the simple mesosternum, the toothed prothorax and the irregular elytra. Olivier, who has described and represented one of the species (Tom. iv. No. 67, pl. xx. fig. 151) under the name of Cerambyx annulatus, says, however (p. 95), "thorace mutico;" but although small, there is undoubtedly a tooth on each side, besides the tooth-like tubercles on the disc, and in another species found in Laos and in Pulo Penang, it is far more strongly developed, especially (and this is very remarkable) in the female. The males in this genus, besides the much greater length of the antennæ, have a very prominent lamina at the tip of the seventh joint, this is rounded at the end and its sharp margins fringed with short hairs; there is a tendency to the same structure in the sixth as well as in the fifth joint, but in the latter it is less evident, and traces of these
little prominences are also obvious enough on the antennæ of the females.
Palimna tessellata. (Pl. VI. Fig. 2.)
Golsinda tessellata, Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 49.
P. nigra, albo-maculata, densissime et brevissime pubescens; elytris apice truncatis, tarsorum articulo ultimo medio albo.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Cloudy, covered with a very short dull black pubescence, marked with large, oval or round, distinct, white, occasionally confluent, spots; band between the eyes and the vertex black, rest of the head white, including an X-shaped mark between the tubers; mandibles and palpi black; prothorax about equal in length and breadth, a short tooth on each side, and four tubercles, with a central smaller one, on the disc; scutellum scutiform; elytra with two erect spines at the base of each, and a few black granules, from each shoulder an oblique angular line marking a deflexion of the elytron, the apex shortly truncate; legs and antennæ ringed with black and white, first two joints of the tarsi white bordered with black, the rest black, except the middle of the claw-joint; inner margin of the protibiæ minutely corrugated.
Length 6—11 lines.
GONIAGES.
Caput, oculi et antennœ ut in Palimna, sed articulo sexto laminato-producto. Prothorax quadratus, lateribus parallelus et inermis, disco subirregulari. Elytra, pedes et sterna ut in Palimna.
There is very little beyond the form of the prothorax to separate this genus from Palimna; the position of the "lamina" on the sixth instead of the seventh antennal joint is perhaps more remarkable than important.
Goniages infausta. (Pl. VI. fig. 3.)
Golsinda infausta, Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, v. 41.
G. obscure fusca, brevissime pubescens, elytris griseo-variis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Pubescence very short, dull blackish-brown, obscurely varied with grey on the elytra; head beneath the eyes, and spot behind them, greyish; prothorax slightly gibbous on each side, with a few very small glossy granules; scutellum rather short; elytra much shorter in the male, coarsely punctured, especially on the middle, two stout spines at the base and two smaller spines on the shoulders; body beneath and legs with a sparse greyish pile, the tarsi
black, with the two basal joints ashy; antennæ black, the fourth to the ninth joints obscurely ringed with ashy at the base.
Length 7—8 lines.
PHEMONE.
Phemone, Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, v. 48.
Caput parvum, antice quadratum, tuberibus antenniferis modice distantibus. Oculi mediocres, profunde emarginati. Antennæ graciles, corpore longiores; scapo subtenuato, cylindrico; articulo tertio longiore; cæteris brevioribus, ultimis obsolete articulatis. Prothorax latitudine longitudini fere æqualis, antice angustior, lateribus rotundatus. Elytra oblonga, subdepressa, humeris haud productis. Pedes subbreves, antici longiores; protibiæ subrectæ; tibiæ intermediæ integræ tarsi breves, dilatati, antici valde transversi. Mesosternum antice productum.
This is one of those isolated genera, of which so many occur among the Longicornia. The head is much smaller than is usual in this sub-family, and is in a line at the sides with the prothorax, while, from the narrow elytra and receding shoulders, there is not that disproportion at the junction between them and the prothorax which we find in the other members of this group. In these respects it approaches the Apomecyninæ, but the elongate scape and longer anterior legs, especially in the males, point rather to a location in the present sub-family.
Phemone frenata.
Apomecyna frenata, Pasc. Tr. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 107.
Phemone frenata, Pasc. Tr. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, v. 48, pl. ii. fig. 5.
P. atra, subnitida; linea albo-pubescente continua ab oculis per latera prothoracis elytrorumque usque ad medium horum, ibique transversim ad suturam currente, alteraque semilunari subapicali instructa.
Hab.—Singapore.
Black, somewhat glossy, moderately punctured; a pure white line, composed of closely set hairs, commencing behind the eye, is continued over the prothorax and elytra at the sides to the middle of the latter, where it curves inwards and joins its fellow at the suture; behind this, but not quite at the apex, a crescent-shaped line, from which at the suture a finer line is continued to the apex; rest of the prothorax and elytra nearly glabrous; body beneath dark, shining, with a thin greyish pile; legs and antennæ black.
Length 5—5½ lines.
SODUS.
Caput antice transversum, tuberibus antenniferis remotis. Oculi magni, profunde divisi. Antennæ corpore longiores, omnino sparsim setulosæ scapo cylindrico, apice rotundato; articulo tertio longiore; sequentibus brevioribus et decrescentibus. Prothorax capite vix latior, turgidus, lateraliter rotundatus. Elytra regularia, subparallela. Pedes mediocres; protibiæ curvatæ, intermediæ integræ; tarsi breves, antici dilatati, intermedii et postici æquales, subdilatati. Pro- et meso-sterna simplicia. Corpus setulosum.
An isolated genus differing from all others of its sub-family in its scape, which is rounded and not produced at the apex, although there is a slight approach to this structure in Ipocregyes. The habit, however, is not very different from Cacia. Another species found in Pulo Penang.
Sodus verticalis. (Pl. VII. fig. 5.)
S. fuscus, nitidus, setulosus, sparse griseo-pubescens; capite, vertice, antennisque basi, niveis; prothoracis basi apice haud latiori.
Hab.—Singapore.
Dark brown, shining, the very thin greyish pubescence scarcely apparent except under the lens, but every part, except beneath, with long scattered erect hairs; head glabrous and glossy brown in front, the vertex and sides of the face covered with snowy-white hairs; prothorax turgid on the disc, the centre with a longitudinal impression; scutellum very short, transverse; elytra remotely and irregularly punctured, a very narrow flexuous white band near the base, and a W-formed mark of the same colour on each elytron towards the apex; in both cases the brown behind is of a somewhat darker tint; there are also vestiges of another band across the middle; body beneath reddish-brown, almost glabrous; legs reddish, especially the tarsi, and more thickly clothed with long hairs than elsewhere; antennæ brownish, with the three or four basal joints clothed with white hairs.
Length 4 lines.
DIEXIA.
Caput antice transversum, tuberibus antenniferis brevissimis, remotis. Oculi profunde emarginati. Antennæ 12-articulatæ, corpore paulo longiores, longe-ciliatæ, præcipue articulis ultimis; scapo modice elongato, subincrassato, apice rotun-
dato, integro; articulo tertio paulo longiore; quarto breviore; cæteris ad undecimum brevissimis; ultimo paulo præcedenti longiore. Prothorax quadratus, lateraliter leviter rotundatus. Elytra oblonga, subangusta. Pedes læves; tibiæ anticæ curvatæ tarsi haud dilatati. Pro- et meso-sterna depressa. Abdomen segmentis subæqualibus.
This remarkable little genus with its twelve-jointed antennæ, peculiar scape, and depressed pro- and meso-sterna, would almost appear to be out of place in this sub-family; perhaps, indeed, it might have been better ranged with the Apomecyninæ. I have only seen a single example, apparently a male, which, according to Mr. Wallace's note, was found "under fallen timber."
Diexia punctigera. (Pl. VII. fig. 1.)
D. fusca, vage hirsuta, supra fortiter punctata, lineis griseopubescentibus ornata.
Hab.—Singapore.
Dark brown, somewhat glossy, with scattered erect hairs, otherwise nearly glabrous, except the head and certain greyish pubescent lines on the prothorax and elytra; the upper surface strongly and rather remotely punctured; head covered with shaggy patches of hair in front, behind the eyes a white mark, which corresponds with a stripe along the side of the prothorax and over the shoulder to the middle of the elytra, where it joins a short transverse line, the apex of each elytron bordered with a white line on its sutural margin, which is connected behind with a transverse one; body beneath pubescent, whitish; legs covered with long whitish hairs, the tarsi black; antennæ hairy, pale greyish or white, the first, second, fifth and last two joints, and the tips of the third and fourth, black.
Length 3 lines.
APOMECYNINÆ.
Many of the genera of this sub-family, as it is here limited, have been, hitherto, widely dispersed in systematic works; but, taking their general characteristics into consideration, we get a long series of forms, many of them very remarkable, but which, when seen together, seem to be sufficiently connected to justify their juxtaposition.
The body of these insects is generally elongate, and either cylindrical, fusiform or irregular, that is, with the elytra broader than the prothorax; at the same time the legs are below the usual
length, and often very short, so as not to extend beyond the abdomen. The prothorax is rarely spined or toothed, and is frequently not broader than the head; the latter is more or less quadrate in front, with the antennary tubers approximate at the base, except in Euclæa, and a few other genera, and the eyes are small and emarginate. The elytra are occasionally crested, but in many cases these crests are simply expansions or elevations of a carina or raised line, and have then no generic importance. The abdomen has sometimes all the segments except the basal one of equal length. But it is in the antennæ that the most frequent modifications of structure are met with. Sometimes they are entirely plumose, at other times the plumosity is confined to one or more particular joints, either surrounding them entirely or forming a dense or a pectinated fringe beneath them. In many genera it is difficult to detect the articulations of the terminal joints, but in Cloniocerus the very reverse of this prevails, and each joint after the fourth is drawn out on one or both sides at the tips. When very short (and they are rarely longer than the body) it is owing to the last seven joints being unusually abbreviated. The scape is not produced, and never scarred at the apex.
The affinities of the Apomecyninæ are numerous. To the Niphoninæ they approach through Praonetha on the one side and Ægomomus on the other, while Diexia in the preceding sub-family might, as I have already observed, have been equally well placed in this. From such short-footed groups as the Phytœciinæ and Obereinæ, they may be distinguished by their simple claws, and from the Saperdinæ by the emargination of the intermediate tibiæ. The Hippopsinæ have their antennæ contiguous at the base; this is never the case with the Apomecyninæ. It is scarcely necessary to observe that none of the characters distinguishing secondary groups are absolute. Here and elsewhere are ambiguous genera, whose position, in the absence of any obvious affinity, depends on the importance to be attached to certain points of structure. Perhaps the most aberrant genera in the sub-family are Cloniocerus and Desmiphora, but these are bridged by such forms as Apodasya, Atelodesmis, Eupogonius, &c. But none of these belong to the Malay fauna.
Albana and Stenidea are the only European exponents of this sub-family. Mycerinus (which although represented in Africa and Australia has not been found by Mr. Wallace) and a few other genera recently added to our lists represent it in Australia. In America there are Agennopsis, Eupogonius, Phidola, Eudesmus, Eupromera, Hebestola, and many more. Africa contributes Tecton, Enaretta, Cormia, Elithiotes, Cymatura, Sophronica, and
others. Most of the Asiatic genera occur in the Malayan Archipelago; there are, however, others yet undescribed, which so far appear to be Asiatic only.
There are twenty-eight genera in the collection, and one hundred and sixty-four species. In the following table of the genera I have intentionally given prominence to the most obvious characters, rather than the most important.
Genera.
Antennæ with the terminal joints plumose. | |
The three basal joints also more or less plumose | Cenodocus, Thoms. |
The basal joints not plumose. | |
Scape as long as the third joint | Zosmotes, n. g. |
Scape shorter than the third joint | Synelasma, Pasc. |
Antennæ not plumose. | |
Prothorax toothed at the side. | |
Propectus elongate | Euclæa, Newm. |
Propectus short. | |
Mesotibiæ toothed internally | Moron, Pasc. |
Mesotibiæ not toothed. | |
Tarsi as long as their tibiæ | Atmodes, Thoms. |
Tarsi shorter than their tibiæ | Zæera, n. g. |
Prothorax unarmed. | |
Prothorax cylindrical, not broader than the head. | |
Elytra narrowly trigonate | Epelysta, n. g. |
Elytra nèarly parallel. | |
Body narrowly cylindrical. | |
Apex of the elytra rounded | Zorilispe, n. g. |
Apex of the elytra abruptly declivous | Atimura, Pasc. |
Body robust; elytra much broader than the prothorax. | |
Prothorax irregular, constricted | Xylorhiza, Lap. |
Prothorax cylindrical | Sthenias, Lap. |
Prothorax broader than the head. | |
Antennæ with the five basal joints incrassated | Dymascus, n. g. |
Antennæ more or less setaceous, or linear. | |
Scape very robust, rugosely punctured | Ætholopus, n. g. |
Scape of moderate size, or small. | |
Terminal joints of the antennæ short and obsoletely articulated. | |
Eyes large, extending to the base of the mandibles | Phesates, n. g. |
Eyes of moderate size or small. | |
Pro- and meso-sterna declivous | Apomecyna, Serv. |
Pro- and meso-sterna elevated. | |
Eyes completely divided. | |
3rd and 4th ant. joints of equal length | Etaxalus, n. g. |
3rd joint much longer than the 4th | Sesiosa, n. g. |
Eyes not divided | Cobria, n. g. |
Terminal joints of the antennæ longer and not obsoletely articulated. | |
Antennæ linear. | |
Antennæ glabrous | Meximia, n. g. |
Antennæ fringed beneath | Gemylus, n. g. |
Antennæ setaceous. | |
Antennæ robust, third and fourth joints curved and thickened towards the apex. | |
Body compressed | Praonetha, Bl. |
Body depressed | Stesilea, n. g. |
Antennæ slender, third and fourth joints straighter and more cylindrical. | |
Tibiæ not longer than their tarsi. | |
Elytra short, convex | Ropica, Pasc. |
Elytra depressed and elongate | Sybra, n. g. |
Tibiæ longer than their tarsi. | |
Scape cylindrical | Bityle, n. g. |
Scape oblongo-pyriform | Pithodia, n. g. |
Scape oblongo-ovate | Mynonoma, n. g. |
CENODOCUS.
Cenodocus, J. Thomson, Syst. Ceramb. p. 47.
Caput antice subquadratum, supra sulcatum, vertice elevatum, linea mediana fere obsoleta, tuberibus antenniferis brevibus, distantibus. Oculi profunde divisi. Antennæ breves, robustæ; scapo breviter obconico, basi subito constricto, subtus plumoso; articulis secundo tertioque subtus plumosis, hoc sequente fere triplo longiore; quinto et sequentibus brevissimis, subtus breviter plumosis. Prothorax capite latior, antrorsum sensim attenuatus, lateribus inermis, angulis posticis rectis. Elytra ampliata, convexa, brevia, basi callosa. Pedes breves, robusti; tibiæ brevissimæ, triangulares; tarsi lati. Pro- et meso-sterna elevata.
This, although a most distinct and remarkable genus, may be considered a modification of Synelasma, wanting the prothoracic tooth, and having the first three joints of its antennæ plumosely fringed. The species described by M. Thomson, C. antennalus, is from Java. From the clause "antennarum art. 2—3 et 5—11 nigris, artic. 3° flavo, apice nigro," and from no mention being made of the fringe clothing the upper part of the third joint, I have come to the conclusion that the example described below is a distinct although nearly allied species, the more so that I have recently seen another species from Pulo Penang, to which the same remarks may be applied.
Cenodocus adustus. (Pl. X. fig. 3.)
C. grisescens, fusco-varius; capite nigrescente; antennis, articulo quarto excepto, tibiis anticis et intermediis, tarsisque nigris.
Hab.—Sumatra.
Derm glossy black, closely covered with a short, coarse, greyish-fulvous pile, varied with brown; head brownish-black, strongly punctured, a short open groove above the line of the antennary tubers but not extending to the vertex; prothorax transverse, with coarse scattered foveolate punctures; scutellum transverse; elytra strongly punctured, a few black glossy granules, principally at the base and sides, a dark brown patch above each shoulder, two or three more posteriorly which are slightly connected, and one large central patch common to both elytra, the basal callus very slightly raised; body, posterior legs and all the femora covered with a greyish pile, the abdomen darker; tibiæ
and tarsi, the posterior excepted, black; antennæ with the fourth joint, except at the tip, white, the remainder entirely black.
Length 6 lines.
SYNELASMA.
Synelasma, Pascoe. Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 248.
Caput antice transversum; fronte planata, tuberibus antenniferis brevibus, valde remotis. Oculi parvi, profunde divisi. Antennæ breves, lineares; scapo cylindrico, basi tenuiori; articulis tertio et quarto multo longioribus; cæteris brevissimis, apicem versus plus minusve pectinato-fimbriatis. Prothorax antice capite latior, postice sensim dilatatus, lateribus rotundatus, prope marginem anteriorem dente instructus. Elytra ampliata, convexa, brevia, apice rotundata, basi generaliter cristata. Pedes robusti, breves. Pro- et meso-sterna elevata.
Four well-marked species of this genus are in the collection. Three of these have basal crests on the elytra, varying, however, considerably in their extent and character, while the fourth is not only without the crests, but also without the anterior prothoracic tooth. In other respects it is so conformable that it scarcely seems justifiable to separate it generically. The curious little hairy comb-like brushes fringing the last five or six joints of the antennæ are, I think, not confined to one sex, at least one of the specimens before me appearing to be a female. The last seven of these joints are so short that together they scarcely exceed half the length of the four preceding.
Synelasma bufo.
Pascoe, Tr. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 248, pl. xxvi. fig. 1.
S. fuscum, tuberculatum, griseo-pubescens; elytris basi sub-cristatis, postice interrupte costatis, singulis plaga magna laterali ochracea.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Brown, with a greyish woolly pubescence; head covered with sparse, crisp, ochreous hairs; prothorax with numerous black, irregular, crowded tubercles; scutellum transverse; elytra with numerous granulated tubercles, some bearing a short stiff hair, three or four interrupted elevated lines, principally posteriorly, but one rising into a broad crest at the base, at the side and before the middle a large pale ochreous patch, the base, including the scutellum and the adjoining portion of the prothorax, pale ferruginous; body beneath and legs dark brown, with a thin greyish
pile; antennæ greyish, with the tips of the third and fourth joints and the last seven black, the fourth, except at the tip, white.
Length 6½ lines.
Synelasma stellio.
S. fuscum, tuberculatum, ochraceo-pubescens, griseo-varium; elytris basi granuloso-cristatis, lineis granulosis nigris nitidis instructis, singulis plaga magna laterali albescente.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Brown, with an ochreous woolly pubescence, varied with greyish; head covered with rough crisp hairs, some of them almost scale-like; prothorax with numerous black, irregular, crowded tubercles; scutellum transverse; elytra very uneven, with numerous black glossy tubercles, more or less uniting, and forming irregular longitudinal or oblique lines, the intervals hollowed and deeply punctured, the base with a well-marked granulated crest, on each side a large, somewhat indefinite, white patch; body beneath and femora black, shining, with a thin whitish pile, leaving numerous small glabrous spots; tibiæ and tarsi with greyish ochreous hairs; antennæ greyish, with the tips of the third and fourth joints and the last seven black, the fourth, except at the tip, white.
Length 7 lines.
Synelasma anolius.
S. sparse fusco-pubescens, granuloso-punctatum; elytris singulis cristis tribus piloso-coronatis instructis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Opake, dark chesnut-brown, the base of the elytra pale ferruginous, with a short thin pubescence scarcely modifying the colour of the derm; head sparsely punctured, clothed with ochreous crisp hairs; prothorax covered with large rough shallow punctures, constricted anteriorly, the constricted portion forming a narrow margin, over which the larger punctures do not extend; elytra irregularly punctured, a small black granule, generally tipped with a whitish scale-like hair, seated on the edge of each puncture anteriorly, at the base of each elytron an elevated oblong crest, crowned with a brush of erect blackish hairs, and two crests of the same kind posteriorly on the declivity towards the apex, the exterior of the two being the smallest; body beneath with a greyish woolly pile; legs and antennæ, as far as the middle of the third joint, pale ferruginous, the fourth joint, except at the apex, white, the rest black.
Length 6 lines.
Synelasma scincus.
S. fuscum, sparse pubescens, haud granulatum; elytris subdepressis, haud cristatis, impresso-punctatis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Dark brown, very slightly pubescent, without granulations, although between some of the punctures the derm is so pinched up as to assume in some places the appearance of them; head rugosely punctured, with patches of very pale ferruginous hairs; prothorax coarsely punctured, no anterior tooth, but a very small one on each side behind the middle; scutellum very short, transverse; elytra slightly depressed, covered with large widely-impressed punctures, especially at the sides, without crests, the base perfectly regular; body beneath glossy black, with a few greyish-ferruginous hairs, principally on the edges of the abdominal segments; legs with scattered greyish hairs; antennæ black, the third and fourth joints with a greyish pubescence at the base.
Length 6 lines.
ZOSMOTES.
Caput antice quadratum, tuberibus antenniferis validis, divergentibus, basi approximatis. Oculi parvi, fere divisi. Antennæ corpore paulo longiores; scapo elongato, magno, claviformi; articulo tertio longissimo; cæteris multo brevioribus et sensim decrescentibus, quinque ultimis dense fimbriatis. Prothorax brevis, cylindricus, regularis, capite non latior. Elytra brevia, convexa, basi prothorace multo latiora, apice integra. Pedes mediocres, antici in maribus paulo elongati; tarsi antici cæteris latiores, articulo penultimo dilatato. Pro- et meso-sterna elevata.
Perhaps this genus might have been better placed in the preceding sub-family, on account of its quadrate front and elongate scape; but as the latter is entire at the apex, and the antennæ have the same curious pectinated fringe as in Synelasma, I prefer to consider it a member of the same group as the last-mentioned genus.
Zosmotes plumula. (Pl. IX. fig. 3.)
Z. castaneo-fuscus; elytris sparse pubescentibus, fascia media interrupta albescente.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Dark chesnut-brown, and nearly glabrous, except the elytra; head chocolate-brown, very smooth and glossy, finely punctured;
VOL. III. THIRD SERIES, PART II.—AUG. 1865. L
prothorax transverse, very slightly rounded at the sides, finely and remotely punctured; scutellum rather large, broadly traingular; elytra short and convex, very gradually narrowing from the base, the sides a little rounded, sparingly pubescent, rather coarsely punctured, with a few granules at the base, across the middle, but not meeting at the suture, an obscure greyish-white oblique band; body beneath chesnut, with a fine greyish pile, especially along the margins of the abdominal segments; legs brown, thinly pubescent; antennæ chesnut-brown, the base of the fourth joint white.
Length 4 lines.
MORON.
Moron, Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 249.
Caput parvum, antice subquadratum, tuberibus antenniferis validis, basi approximatis. Oculi profunde divisi. Antennæ breves, lineares; scapo tenue cylindrico; articulo tertio multo longiori; quarto tertio breviori; sequentibus multo brevioribus. Prothorax antice angustus, ad latera rotundatus et dente antico instructus, basin versus dilatatus, angulis posticis rectis. Elytra ampliata, convexa, basi callosa, humeris producta, apicem versus sensim angustiora. Pedes robusti; tibiæ intermediæ intus dentatæ. Pro- et meso-sterna elevata, hoc antice dentato.
From Praonetha this genus differs in the toothed prothorax gradually enlarging to the base, the more convex elytra giving the back a rounded outline (not nearly straight as in that genus), the nearly linear antennæ, the produced mesosternum, and the toothed intermediate tibiæ.
Moron distigma.
Pascoe, Tr. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 249, pl. xxvi. fig. 2.
M. ochraceus, vel brunneo-ochraceus, punctis impressis nigris numerosis tectus; elytris basi et callo granulatis, singulis macula læte ochracea, rotundata, pone medium.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Covered with a short brownish-ochraceous pubescence, interrupted with numerous black, very distinct, punctures; on the head they are much smaller than on the prothorax; on the latter the ochraceous varies in depth so as to form indistinct longitudinal lines; scutellum transverse; elytra with black shining granules at the base, especially on the two strongly elevated callosities, behind the middle a very bright and distinct, round, pale ochreous
spot, the apex slightly mucronate at the suture; body beneath and legs greyish-ochraceous; antennæ brownish, the tips of the third and fourth, and the remaining joints, black, the fourth ochraceous at the base.
Length 6 lines.
ZÆERA.
Caput antice subtransversum, genis rotundatis, tuberibus antenniferis brevibus, distantibus. Oculi parvi, profunde emarginati. Antennæ breves, setaceæ scapo cylindrico; articulis tertio et quarto singulis scapo æqualibus; cæteris fere obsolete articulatis et multo brevioribus. Prothorax subtransversus, capite latior, antice angustus, lateraliter ante medium dente instructus. Elytra basi prothorace multo latiora, postice sensim angustiora. Pedes mediocres; tarsi breves, triangulares. Pro- et meso-sterna elevata, producta. Corpus breviter convexum.
The cylindrical form of the antennal joints, masking, as it were, the lines of articulation, and the lateral tooth of the prothorax, distinguish this genus from Praonetha. From Atmodes it differs in the form of the scape and the convexity of the prothorax and elytra.
Zæera cretata. (Pl. VIII. fig. 5.)
Z. fusca, prothorace macula laterali elytrisque strigis duabus obliquis niveis.
Hab.—Batchian.
Covered, except on the abdomen, with a short, scaly, dark-brown pubescence, mixed with a few larger and whitish hairs, many of which stand alone at the bottom of the punctures; upper surface rather remotely punctured, the brown colour on the head and prothorax, continuous with a narrow transverse band at the base of the elytra, lighter than the rest, but the line between the two very distinct; a white spot on each side of the prothorax underneath; nearly on the middle of the elytra a large oblique snowy-white stripe or patch, and behind this, and on the apical slope, a thin line also snowy-white and oblique, the apex rounded; abdomen dark chesnut-brown, with a sparse, paler pubescence.
Length 5½ lines.
COBRIA.
Caput antice subquadratum, tuberibus antenniferis validis, paulo divergentibus, basi subapproximatis. Oculi parvi, fere divisi, tenue granulati. Antennæ corpore breviores, validæ,
L 2
haud pilosæ scapo brevi, incrassato; articulo tertio multo longiori; quarto tertio breviori; sequentibus incrassatis, gradatim descrescentibus, ultimis obsolete conjunctis. Prothorax capite latior, regularis, lateraliter rotundatus, et antice dentatus. Elytra subbrevia, prothorace latiora, paulo subdepressa, apice integra. Pedes breves, subæquales; tibiæ subelongatæ, anticæ rectæ; tarsi articulis tribus basalibus sublatis, ultimo haud longioribus. Pro- et meso-sterna elevata.
This genus has the habit of Ropica, but is more robust, and differs in the antennæ and legs; the tarsi, particularly, are remarkably short. The eyes are finely granulated, an unusual character in this sub-family, and the inferior lobe forms a slightly conical projection.
Cobria albisparsa. (Pl. VIII. fig. 1.)
C. fusca, sparse pubescens, maculis griseis adspersis.
Hab.—Dorey.
Dark brown, very thinly pubescent; head moderately punctured, with coarse greyish hairs in front; prothorax rather strongly punctured, much broader than the head, the sides well rounded, the anterior margin narrower than the posterior; scutellum sub-quadrate, rounded behind; elytra irregularly punctured, much broader than the prothorax, somewhat convex, the apex rounded, short lines and spots of greyish pile scattered over the disc; body beneath and legs chesnut-brown, glossy, with a sparse greyish pubescence; antennæ dark brown, varied with greyish.
Length 3½ lines.
EPILYSTA.
Caput antice transversum, infra oculos dilatatum, tuberibus antenniferis validis, brevibus, basi haud approximatis. Oculi mediocres, modice emarginati. Antennæ corpori æquales, setaceæ, graciles, haud hirsutæ; scapo brevissimo, ovato; articulo tertio multo longiore; sequentibus gradatim decrescentibus. Prothorax breviter cylindricus, regularis, capite vix latior. Elytra attenuata, elongato-cuneiformia, subdepressa, apicibus divaricato-acutis. Pedes breves; tarsi antici articulo basali quadrato et cæteris majore. Acetabula antica leviter angulata. Pro- et meso-sterna declivia.
The large basal joint of the anterior tarsi is probably a character of the male only. The form of the elytra, however, will readily distinguish the genus. My specimen has a broad darkish band in the middle of the elytra, apparently from abrasion.
Epilysta mucida. (Pl. IX. fig. 7.)
E. fusca, pube griseo-ochrea tecta; elytris pone medium macula alba obliqua.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Brown, covered with a short greyish-ochreous pile; head sparingly punctured; lower border of the lip yellowish; prothorax nearly quadrate, very slightly rounded at the sides, the scantier pubescence on the disc forming a brownish stripe; scutellum broad, rounded behind; elytra nearly four times as long as the prothorax, seriate-punctate, an oblique white spot behind the middle, and traces of two or three other spots towards the base; body beneath with a coarse greyish pile; antennæ about as long as the body, the joints palish at the base; legs sparsely pubescent.
Length 5 lines.
EUCLEA.
Euclea, Newman, The Entom. i. 290.
Caput magnum, antice latum, et longitudinaliter plus minusve carinatum, vertice elevato, tuberibus antenniferis brevissimis, remotis. Oculi profunde divisi. Antennæ breves, graciles; scapo claviformi; articulo tertio longiore; quarto paulo breviore; cæteris multo brevioribus, gradatim decrescentibus. Labrum et palpi parvi. Mandibulæ robustæ. Prothorax capite vix latior, subcylindricus, antice lateraliter dentatus, basi bisinuatus. Elytra elongata, parallela, humeris haud prominentibus, apice mutica. Pedes breves, robusti. Pro- et meso-sterna elevata. Propectus elongatum.
A fine and very distinct genus, remarkable for its broad front and elevated vertex, and particularly for its elongate propectus, as in the Monochaminæ. The prothorax has a well-marked tooth on each side (not two, as Mr. Newman's description seems to imply) in the type E. albata, but this becomes a mere tubercle in the other species, and in one, E. nigritarsis, there is scarcely a vestige of it. There are four* Manillan species in addition to the two here described.
* Two of these are, I believe, undescribed.
Euclea capito.
E. nigra, nitida, pube ochraceo-irrorata; elytris punctatis, fascia latissima dense albo-pubescente, ad suturam interrupta, ornatis.
Hab.—Manilla.
Nearly as large as E. albata (11 lines), but narrower; prothorax less parallel at the sides, scutellum smaller, and elytra with well-marked punctures. E. albata has a close dark-brown uninterrupted pubescence, with a large white patch covering the elytra, except at the apex and shoulders. E. capito is the "exemplarium alterum" of Newman.
Euclea mesoleuca.
E. nigra, nitida, pube sparse niveo-irrorata; elytris punctatis, fascia latissima dense niveo-pubescente, ad suturam interrupta, ornatis.
Hab.—Manilla.
About the size of the smaller examples of E. irrorata (7—8 lines), and, like it, nearly glabrous, but well distinguished by the broad snowy band on the elytra; from E. capito it differs, inter alia, in its much smaller head.
Euclea illecebrosa. (Pl. VIII. fig.3.)
]E. nigro-chalybeata, pube interrupta alba ornata; prothoracis disco et elytrorum maculis plurimis glabris, illo chalybeatometallico.
Hab.—Celebes (Menado, Tondano).
Dark chalybeate, with an interrupted dense white pubescence; head slightly carinated in front, the pubescence rather coarse with a light buffy tint; prothorax slightly rounded at the sides, the disc dark steel-blue and very glossy, on each side close adpressed hairs, mostly placed transversely; scutellum transverse, rounded behind, glabrous; elytra pubescent, white, with large glabrous spots, one common to both in the centre, at the base of each, two sometimes conjoined, or two in addition, behind the outer one; behind the middle a transverse patch, and another oblong one at the apex, or these more or less combined, &c.; body beneath and legs with a thin white pubescence; antennæ about half as long as the body, the first and second joints and the basal halves of the third and fourth white, the remainder black; last seven joints very short.
Length 7—8 lines.
Euclea nigritarsis.
E. pube ochracea vestita, maculis glabris nigris nitidis dispersa, elytrisque fascia simillima post medium.
Hab.—Amboyna.
Upper surface covered with a short ochraceous pubescence, with numerous glabrous black shining spots; head roughly pubescent, with scattered punctures in front and a carina extending to the epistome; prothorax with nearly parallel sides and scarcely any tooth, the pubescence with numerous small spots; scutellum narrow, rather pointed; elytra pubescent, ochraceous, the spots invariably with a punctured centre, behind the middle a
narrow glabrous band, slightly interrupted at the suture; body beneath and legs with a pale ochraceous pubescence; tarsi entirely black; antennæ about half as long as the body, scape sparingly pubescent; second joint and the bases of the third and fourth white, the remainder black; last seven joints extremely short.
Length 6 lines.
ATMODES.
Atmodes, J. Thomson, Arch. Entom. i. 301.
Caput antice transversum, vertice elevato, tuberibus antenniferis brevibus, basi haud approximatis. Oculi profunde divisi. Antennæ corpori subæquales, setaceæ; scapo oblongo-ovato; articulo tertio longiori; cæteris decrescentibus, obsolete articulatis. Prothorax irregularis, capite latior, ad latera antice dentatus, basi bisinuatus. Elytra prothorace paulo latiora, humeris rotundatis, lateribus apicem versus paulo angustiora. Pedes breves, æquales. Pro- et meso-sterna elevata, producta, vel dentata. Corpus subdepressum.
Atmodes is better known, perhaps, under its old name of Milothris, Dej., which M. Thomson has changed in consequence of its having been previously used for a genus of Lepidoptera. The genus is related to Mycerinus and Apomecyna, but may be distinguished (inter alia) by its irregular and toothed prothorax, and its strongly elevated and produced sterna. The type is a well known and very common insect, whose synonymy has latterly been strangely complicated.*
Atmodes marmorea.
Saperda irrorata, Fabricius, Syst. El. ii. 329.
Saperda marmorea, Schönherr, Syn. Insect. iii. 436.
A. atra, nitida, prothorace elytrisque lateribus niveo-pubescentibus, atro-maculatis.
Hab.—Java.
Glossy black, the head entirely, and the prothorax and elytra at the sides only, covered with a dense snowy-white pubescence, speckled with black; body beneath with a thinner pubescence, also spotted with black; antennæ black, speckled with white, the bases of most of the joints ringed with white; legs black, more or less spotted with white; apex of each elytron biapiculate.
Length 6 lines.
* See Jekel, Journ. of Entom. i. 258.
APOMECYNA.
Apomecyna, Serville, Ann. Soc. Ent. de France, iv. 77.
Caput antice transversum, tuberibus antenniferis validis, basi vix approximatis. Oculi mediocres, grosse granulati, late emarginati. Antennæ breves, setaceæ; scapo obconico; articulo tertio scapo vel longiore, vel subæquali; quarto breviore; sequentibus brevissimis, obsolete articulatis. Prothorax capite paulo latior, subcylindricus. Elytra oblonga, subdepressa. Pedes breves, æquales. Pro- et meso-sterna declivia. Corpus elongato-ovatum.
The short setaceous, or occasionally nearly linear antennæ not approximate at the base, with the obsolete articulations of the terminal joints—the two apical, especially, looking as if they formed but one—and the somewhat depressed, elongato-ovate outline, will readily distinguish this genus. The type is the Lamia histrio of Fabricius; so at least it is generally stated, but the point must have been determined more by tradition than from his description. Besides Apomecyna cretacea, Hope, there are two forms of this species in collections, or perhaps it would be more correct to say that there are two species under the name of histrio. One, besides other characters, has a thicker scape, the apices of the elytra nearly transversely truncate, and the antennæ unicolorous; the other has the scape smaller, is more thinly covered with pile so that the punctures are readily seen, the apices of the elytra are obliquely truncate, and the fourth joint of the antennæ is generally white, except at the tip. Of the first* I have examples from Dacca and Ceylon; examples of the second, from Bombay and Brisbane (Australia), agree tolerably well together, while those from Batchian and Saylee have much stouter antennæ, and one from Natal is very decidedly broader, with the three series of spots nearer to the apex. Whether these, considering the vast distances which intervene between their respective habitats, are anything more than local sub-species, may be doubted. Mr. Wallace's specimens are identical, I think, with those usually referred to A. histrio, the commonest of the Indian species. The normal Apomecynæ have the third antennal joint twice the length of the scape; a species from South Africa, however, which, in other respects, does not differ generically, has it nearly equal. This I have received under the name of Apomecyna sparsuta, Germ. I cannot find that it has been published. Several insects referred to this genus will have to be separated.
* This may be named A. neglecta.
Apomecyna histrio.
Lamia histrio, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. ii. 288.
A. fusca, subtiliter griseo-pubescens; prothorace angustato; elytris guttis dense pubescentibus albis, apicibus oblique truncatis.
Hab.—Batchian, Saylee.
Dark brown, with a very short greyish pile, resembling scales, and which are not in contact with one another, except where they are densely crowded together to form spots; head and prothorax remotely punctured, the latter only slightly broader than the head; elytra also remotely punctured, the punctures in rows, each having, as well as those on the head and prothorax, a short rounded scale in the centre; the apex of each elytron obliquely truncate, but not mucronate; body beneath, legs and antennæ dark chesnut-brown, with a thin ochraceous pile, the fourth antennal joint frequently white, except at the apex; spots on the prothorax and elytra varying considerably, but always very distinct on the latter, and generally disposed in three oblique lines.
Length 5 lines.
ETAXALUS.
Caput antice latum, vertice elevato, tuberibus antenniferis brevibus, basi valde remotis. Oculi divisi. Antennæ corpore breviores, basi distantes, graciles; scapo breviter subcylindrico, rugoso-punctato; articulis tertio quartoque æqualibus; cæteris multo brevioribus. Palpi articulo ultimo elongato-ovato. Prothorax capite paulo latior, breviter subcylindricus, regularis. Elytra elongata, parallela, humeris prominulis, apice integra. Pedes breves; femora vix incrassata; tarsi articulo ultimo valido. Pro- et meso-sterna elevata.
In habit this genus agrees tolerably well with Sthenias, but differs in a multitude of characters, such as its (apparently) entirely divided eyes, short antennary tubers distant at the base (the space between them nearly flat, not deeply angulated as in Sthenias), and the slightly depressed, not convex, elytra.
Etaxalus iliacus. (Pl. IX. fig. 4.)
E. ferrugineus, tenuissime griseo-pubescens; prothorace elytrisque granulis numerosis nitidis concoloribus tectis; his lateribus macula magna niveo-pubescente ornatis; antennis concoloribus.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Pale ferruginous, with numerous concolorus glossy granules, especially on the elytra, between which are scattered greyish ferruginous depressed hairs, except a large oblique, snowy white, densely pubescent patch on each elytron at the side, behind the shoulder, and extending to rather beyond the middle; head distantly punctured, roughly pubescent, the median line very indistinct, except on the vertex; prothorax slightly rounded at the sides, rather broader than long; scutellum transverse; body beneath covered with a tolerably close greyish pubescence; legs and antennæ ferruginous, with short, scattered, greyish hairs.
Length 7 lines.
SESIOSA.
Characteres ut in Apomecyna, sed oculi divisi, et pro- et meso-sterna elevata.
Of the two differences between Sesiosa and Apomecyna, the first is one of degree only, the second is more important. In Apomecyna the sterna gradually slope down towards one another, and the anterior coxæ are thus more or less widely separated from the intermediate, whilst in Sesiosa, which has the sterna elevated, with necessarily opposing faces, these coxæ are approximate, and a different appearance is given to the pectus. It is necessary to see that the prothorax is neither unnaturally bent on the medipectus nor stretched too much in the opposite direction. One of the examples before me was found by Mr. Wallace "on the branch of a dead tree," another is from Pulo Penang.
Sesiosa subfasciata. (Pl. VIII. fig. 2.)
S. ferruginea, nitida, sparse fuscescente-lanuginosa; elytris ante medium fascia grisea indistincta.
Hab.—Singapore.
Ferruginous, shining, with a thin yellowish-brown woolly pubescence; head, prothorax, and first three or four joints of the antennæ, clothed with coarse brownish and grey hairs intermixed, rest of the antennæ with a finer pubescence, dark brown, the bases of the joints pale-greyish white; prothorax transverse, much narrower in front, with large distant punctures; scutellum transverse; elytra thinly pubescent, coarsely punctured, each puncture having a flattish grey hair in the centre, several large unicolorous granules scattered over the disc, but principally at the base, the apex of each elytron acute and slightly divaricate at the suture;
body beneath chesnut-brown, with a pale-greyish tomentum; legs covered with a mixture of coarose brownish and greyish hairs.
Length 5 lines.
PHESATES.
Caput antice transversum, tuberibus antenniferis brevibus, basi remotis. Oculi magni, subtenue granulati, anguste emarginati, vertice haud distantes. Antennæ breves, sublineares; scapo subcylindrico, subtenuato; articulis tertio et quarto singulis scapo fere æqualibus; sequentibus brevioribus. Palpi articulo ultimo modice elongato, truncato. Prothorax subrotundatus, capite paulo latior. Elytra sub-elongata, postice sensim angustiora, basi prothorace latiora, humeris haud prominentibus, apice integra. Pedes breves; femora clavata; tibiæ anticæ subfusiformes; tarsi tibiis breviores, postici cæteris longiores, articulo ultimo tribus basalibus in unum breviore. Pro- et meso-sterna subelevata.
The very unusual character, among the Lamiidæ, of truncate palpi will at once distinguish this genus, which in outline resembles Apomecyna. The fore-tibiæ are also remarkable; instead of expanding at the extremity, they contract and are rounded at that part where the tarsi are inserted, and are, in consequence, entirely destitute of the mucro, which is a common character in nearly all the Longicornia. The eyes are unusually large, their lower border extending to the base of the mandibles.
Phesates ferrugatus. (Pl. VIII. fig. 8.)
P. læte-ferrugineus, medio elytrorum grisescente.
Hab—Sarawak.
Pubescent, yellowish-ferruginous, inclining to orange, but greyish on the middle of the elytra; head without a mesial line, coarsely punctured; prothorax rounded at the sides, thickly and very distinctly punctured; scutellum shortly scutiform; elytra slightly seriate-punctate at the base and very decidedly so at the apex, the intermediate portion more pubescent, having a few large irregular punctures only; body beneath and legs with a reddishferruginous pubescence; antennæ about two-thirds the length of the body, greyish-ferruginous.
Length 4 lines.
DYMASCUS.
Caput antice transversum, tuberibus antenniferis validis, basi approximatis. Oculi late emarginati. Antennæ corpore
breviores; scapo subobconico; articulis quatuor sequentibus incrassatis; tertio præcedentibus multo longiori; quarto et quinto brevioribus, subito decrescentibus; cæteris brevissimis, æqualibus. Prothorax capite vix latior, subquadratus, regularis. Elytra subplanata, basi latiora, humeris haud productis. Pedes mediocres; femora sublinearia; tibiæ rectæ; tarsi subtriangulares. Pro- et meso-sterna declivia.
The general appearance of this insect is very similar to Calymmophis flavo-variegata, Thoms. (one of the Mesosinæ), but the head in that genus is very different, and somewhat resembles the Onocephalinæ, i. e. the antennary tubers approximate and have an upward direction. Dymascus is very distinct from anything known to me.
Dymascus porosus. (Pl. VIII. fig. 7.)
D. fusco-pubescens; prothorace linea mediana, elytrisque linea suturali antica maculisque ochraceo-griseis.
Hab.—Singapore.
Pubescent, dark brown, the whole upper surface with numerous punctures; head with coarse greyish and brown hairs; prothorax about equal in length and breadth, the sides slightly round, a narrow central longitudinal line, and a broader one on each side, yellowish-grey; suture greyish, transverse; elytra broader than the prothorax, the sides slightly rounded, each apex somewhat truncate, the suture marked at the base with yellowish-grey continuous with the line on the prothorax, at about the middle of each elytron a semicircular spot, another towards the apex, and externally to the latter a large and more distinct round spot connected with an oblong patch at the side; body beneath and legs reddish-brown, with a thin grey pile, but much thicker and greyer on the tibiæ and tarsi; antennæ with the five thickened basal joints dark brown covered with short hairs, the rest pale grey, becoming darker again towards the tip.
Length 5 lines.
ZORILISPE.
Caput antice transversum, tuberibus antenniferis brevibus. Oculi magni, prominuli, supra subapproximati, infra distantes. Antennæ sublineares, corpore paulo longiores; scapo subelongato; articulo tertio subæquali; cæteris paulo decrescentibus, vel fere æqualibus. Prothorax cylindricus, regularis, capiti latitudine æqualis. Elytra elongata, cylindrica, prothorace vix latiora, apicem versus normalia. Pedes bre-
vissimi, postici apicem elytrorum non attingentes; tibiæ anticæ curvatæ; tarsi vix dilatati, articulo ultimo elongato, valido. Pro- et meso-sterna simplicia. Corpus angustatum, cylindricum.
The two species composing this genus have a very similar habit, but differ technically in two or three characters, which however do not seem to be of sufficient value to justify their generic separation. The first species, Zorilispe fulvisparsa, has the eyes very deeply divided, and a longer scape than the other; and is, proportionally, somewhat stouter. The genus is allied to, but quite distinct from, Atimura.
Zorilispe fulvisparsa. (Pl. IX. fig. 8.)
Z. fusca, pube fulvescenti maculata; elytris apice oblique subtruncatis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Dark brown, with small patches of coarse fulvous hairs; head finely but rather distantly punctured; prothorax scarcely longer than broad, finely and closely punctured; scutellum transverse; elytra with numerous small closely-arranged punctures, each apex somewhat obliquely truncate, the angles of the truncation slightly rounded (in the specimen before me the declivity of the elytra is glabrous, probably from abrasion); body beneath dark brown, closely punctured, with a thin fulvous pile; legs and antennæ brown.
Length 4½ lines.
Zorilispe acutipennis.
Z. brunnea, pube sparsa tecta; elytris apice oblique truncatis, angulo externo acuto.
Hab.—Macassar.
Reddish-brown, very thinly covered with a greyish pubescence more or less irregular; head somewhat punctured; prothorax longer than broad, closely punctured; scutellum rather small, transverse; elytra more coarsely punctured than the prothorax, on each side two or three longitudinal yellowish lines, each apex obliquely truncate, the external angle of the truncation acute; body beneath yellowish-brown, moderately punctured; antennæ and legs reddish-brown, nearly glabrous.
Length 3 lines.
ATIMURA.
Atimura, Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 3, i. 548.
Caput prothoracis latitudinis, inter oculos quadratum, tuberibus
antenniferis validissimis, basi approximatis, apice distantibus. Oculi prominuli, reinformes. Antennæ breves, setaceæ; scapo breviter incrassato, basi tenuiori; articulo tertio curvato, duplo longiori; cæteris gradatim brevioribus. Prothorax sub-cylindricus, angulis basalibus rectis vel productis, haud transversim sulcatus. Elytra cylindrica, apicem versus abrupte declivia vel truncata. Pedes breves; protibiæ curvatæ. Pro- et meso-sterna declivia.
In Atimura terminata,* the type of this genus, the anterior coxæ are prolonged on their inner edge into a short spine; as this is not the case in the two species described below, I have omitted the character in the above definition. The genus is well limited by its short stout scape, and perfectly cylindrical elytra, truncate at the apex. A. bacillina is almost an exact counterpart, barring a few minute but most important particulars, of the Australian type, and is interesting as a very rare instance of such conformity among the Longicornia. From their cylindrical form, and their colour, these insects resemble little broken twigs or sticks.
Atimura bacillina.
A. griseo-pubescens; prothorace interrupte costato, angulis posticis productis; elytris costatis, apice abrupte truncatis.
Hab.—Sarawak, Sumatra.
Pubescent, greyish, the truncated part of the elytra greyish-white; head and scape closely pubescent, greyish-ochreous, with large black punctures; prothorax moderately punctured, with five obscurely elevated lines, its posterior angles produced, the sides slightly incurved; scutellum rounded behind; elytra irregularly punctured, with four raised lines on each, the innermost interrupted, and terminating in the truncated portion with gradually increasing thickness; body beneath and legs brownish, rather thinly pubescent; antennæ somewhat shorter than the body, slender and slightly pubescent, except the scape.
Length 5 lines.
Atimura punctissima.
A. fusco-castanea; prothorace glabro, haud costato, angulis posticis rectis; elytris glabris, apice excepto, fortiter punctatis.
Hab.—Sarawak, Sumatra, Singapore.
* Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 3, i. 548, pl. xxiii. fig. 6.
Dark chesnut-brown; head and scape with an ochreous pubescence, varied with brown; prothorax coarsely punctured, glabrous, the sides slightly rounded, the posterior angles straight (or forming a right angle); scutellum rounded; elytra coarsely punctured, glabrous, except the truncated portion, which is covered with a close yellowish pubescence, on each elytron four slightly raised lines, the inner disappearing at about the middle; body beneath dark brown, legs paler, with a short greyish pile; antennæ shorter than the body, slightly pubescent.
Length 2¾ lines.
STHENIAS.
Sthenias, Laporte de Castelnau, Hist. Nat. des Insectes, ii. 466.
Caput antice subquadratum, tuberibus antenniferis validis, elongatis, antice emarginatis, basi approximatis. Oculi modice emarginati. Antennæ corpore breviores; scapo sub-cylindrico, vix elongato, leviter curvato; articulis tertio quartoque longioribus; cæteris gradatim attenuatis et multo brevioribus. Mandibulæ normales, extus curvatæ. Palpi articulo ultimo elongato-ovato. Prothorax capite haud latior, æqualis, cylindricus. Elytra prothorace paulo latiora, cylindrica, convexa, humeris subprominentibus. Pedes breves, robusti; femora vix incrassata; tarsi æquales, articulo ultimo tribus basalibus in unum æquali. Pro- et meso-sterna declivia.
The principal characters to distinguish Sthenias from its allies are the strong antennary tubers and the slender curved scape. The type is an old Fabrician species,* and with this must be placed S. crocatus, Oliv., a Manillan insect, overlooked by M. de Castelnau, but described by Mr. Newman as a new genus and species under the name of Thysanodes jucunda. These, I believe, are the only true exponents of the genus known at present. The individual described below is the only one in Mr. Wallace's Collection; it is much darker than the Indian specimens. Two species described by myself must be separated from the genus as here defined.†
* I cannot reconcile it, however, with the Fabrician description of the elytra, "basi tuberculis duobus elevatis."
† Each of these will represent a distinct genus, which I briefly characterize here, for comparison with Sthenias. The first is—
XYNENON.
Caput antice breve, transversum, tuberibus antenniferis brevissimis. Oculi subfrontales. Antennæ breves, incrassatæ, obsolete articulatæ; scapo breviter subcylindrico, articulis sequentibus vix crassiori. Elytra sub-brevia, basi latiora et convexiora. Pedes validi; femora clavata. Cæterum characteres fere ut in Sthenia.
The type is—
Xynenon Bondii.
Sthenias Bondii, Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, v. 48.
A rosy-grey insect, with brownish stripes anteriorly, and a triangular brownish band across the middle of the elytra.
Hab.—India.
The second genus is—
ANACHES.
Caput fronte prominente, rotundata, tuberibus antenniferis validis, apice extus productis. Antennæ corpore paulo longiores, graciles, setaceæ scapo cylindrico, incrassato, sed basin versus tenuiori; articulo tertio haud longiori. Cæterum characteres fere ut in Sthenia.
The type is—
Anaches dorsalis.
Sthenias dorsalis, Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 251.
A brown species, with a broad white band across the elytra.
Hab.—India.
Sthenias grisator.
Lamia grisator, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. ii. 275; id. Syst. El. ii. 292.
S. fusco-niger; capite prothoraceque lateribus, et fascia submediana elytrorum, grisescentibus.
Hab.—Sumatra.
Brownish-black, pubescent; head and prothorax at the sides, with a well-marked stripe on the vertex, and a broad band rather behind the middle and pointing at the suture towards the base, greyish-white; body beneath dark brown, abdomen greyish, with the last segment black; legs greyish, tarsi and distal half of the tibiæ black; antennæ dark brown, the scape greyish, the third and fourth joints ringed with greyish at the base.
Length 7 lines.
ÆTHOLOPUS.
Caput antice late transversum, vertice elevato, tuberibus antenniferis validissimis, basi contiguis, apice distantibus. Oculi mediocres, late emarginati. Antennæ corpori vix æquales, apicem versus gradatim attenuatæ; scapo crasso, elongato, cylindrico; articulo tertio scapo æquali, apice nodoso; cæteris brevioribus. Mandibulæ angustæ, extus incurvatæ. Palpi modice elongati. Prothorax subquadratus, antice angustior, lateribus rotundatus, angulis posticis rectis. Elytra cylindrica, prothorace multo latiora. Pedes breves; femora fusi-
formia; tibiæ brevissimæ; tarsi vix dilatati. Pro- et meso-sterna depressa.
In some respects this genus may be considered as intermediate between Sthenias and Xylorhiza. All three genera are distinguished by their strong antennary tubers, which, being approximate or even contiguous at the base, create, as they diverge outwards and forwards, a deep hollow in that part of the head between them. From each other they may be distinguished at once by the form of the scape, slender and curved in Sthenias, stout and elongato-cylindrical in Ætholopus, and thick at the apex, gradually contracting towards the base, in Xylorhiza. There are other points of difference, which will be seen on referring to their characters. It may be mentioned that between Sthenias and Xylorhiza, the Comte de Castelnau places nineteen genera. It should be stated, however, that the latter is a most remarkably distinctive genus in habit, although in its technical characters it differs very slightly from Sthenias. The two species of Ætholopus, described below, are very similar, although one is much darker than the other, but the apices of their elytra will at one distinguish them.
Ætholopus exutus.
Æ. niger, subglaber; elytris singulis plagis duabus griseopubescentibus, apice truncatis.
Hab.—Ceram.
Black, nearly destitute of pubescence, except the patches on the elytra; head smooth and somewhat shining, punctures fine and remote; prothorax slightly constricted anteriorly, minutely punctured; scutellum small, transverse; elytra moderately punctured, on each, dividing it into three nearly equal parts, are two large dull-greyish pubescent patches, the apex truncate; body beneath, legs, and antennæ, dark brown, subnitid, the basal joint of the latter strongly punctured.
Length 10 lines.
Ætholopus scalaris. (Pl. IX. fig. 6.)
Æ. cervino-pubescens, fuscescente varius; elytris singulis plagis duabus albescentibus, apicibus divaricatis, extus oblique truncatis.
Hab.—Ceram.
Closely covered with a fawn-coloured pubescence, shaded with brownish; head smooth and finely punctured below the eyes in front, the remainder pubescent; prothorax strongly constricted
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anteriorly, finely and remotely punctured; scutellum moderate, transverse; elytra with rather small but very distinct punctures, and two large whitish patches on each, occupying nearly the same position as in the first species, but not so marked as they approach the suture, the rest of the elytra more or less shaded with brown, the apex of each shortly but very decidedly divaricate, the outer angle obliquely truncate; body beneath and legs covered with a very fine, close, fawn-coloured pile; antennæ dark brown, the third, fourth, and fifth joints greyish pubescent at the base, the first coarsely punctured.
Length 10 lines.
XYLORHIZA.
Xylorhiza, Laporte de Castelnau, Hist. Nat. des Insectes, ii. 476.
Caput antice transversum, tuberibus antenniferis validis, basi approximatis. Oculi angustati, late emarginati. Antennæ corpore breviores, haud fimbriatæ; scapo basin versus tenuiori; articulo tertio longiori; cæteris gradatim brevioribus. Prothorax capite non latior, inæqualis, antice constrictus, lateraliter spinosus vel inermis. Elytra elongata, prothorace multo latiora, ad latera paulo incurvata, apicibus productolaminatis. Pedes breves; femora fusiformia; tibiæ tarsis haud longiores, intermediæ fortiter emarginatæ. Pro- et meso-sterna depressa.
A grand and well-known species is the type of this genus, but I have so far generalized its characters as to include Xylorhiza spumans (Guér.?) and a few others yet undescribed. Unless we limit Xylorhiza to X. venosa, I do not see how Cymatura, Gerst., is to be distinguished from it, and if we adopt Cymatura (on account chiefly of its spined prothorax), we should have either to refer to it a number of very incongruous species, or to provide for them new genera, which would be hardly more desirable. Latreille gives a very poor figure of the type in the "Règne Animal," iii. pl. xviii. fig. 7, under the name of "Lamie veinée," but it is not mentioned in the text.
Xylorhiza venosa.
Laporte, loc. cit.
X. omnino dense nigro-pubescens, sericea, fulvo-varia et lineata; prothorace mutico.
Hab.—Pulo Penang.
Everywhere covered with a beautiful dense silky pubescence, mostly black, but with clear fulvous lines, especially on the elytra,
where they inosculate towards the apex, the fulvous predominating on the head, the black on the prothorax; on the latter are two fine central lines continued from the vertex, and on each side a still finer line, often bifid posteriorly; the elytra at the base are generally entirely black, then follow stripes of black and fulvous, the proportions varying considerably; body beneath and legs dark chesnut-brown, more or less marked with yellow stripes; antennæ very pubescent, mostly fulvous.
Length 15—22 lines.
PRAONETHA.
Prioneta (ab errore) Blanchard, Voy. au Pôle Sud, iv. 292.
Caput antice subquadratum, tuberibus antenniferis validis, basi approximatis vel subapproximatis. Oculi mediocres, profunde divisi. Antennæ corpore breviores, rarissime in maribus longiores, setaceæ, subfimbriatæ; scapo cylindrico vel subcylindrico; articulo tertio longitudine scapo æquali, rarius longiori vel breviori, subcurvato, apicem versus gradatim incrassato;* quarto simillimo vel subæquali; sequentibus sensim brevioribus; articulorum apicibus aliquando productis, vel spinosis. Prothorax capite latior, plus minusve subquadratus, ad latera subrotundatus, vel subparallelus. Elytra subbrevia, convexa, sæpissime compressa, generaliter supra inæqualia. Pedes mediocres; protibiæ fere rectæ, rarius paulo curvatæ, intermediæ haud emarginatæ; tarsi æquales. Pro- et meso-sterna modice elevata.
The diversity of form to a certain extent of many of the species here brought together may, no doubt, be objected to, but, after a careful examination, I cannot see that anything like a satisfactory limitation can be established even in dividing them into sections, although I have attempted to do so, but solely with a view to facilitate their descriptions. The whole, when fairly compared, and not putting extremes into juxtaposition, will, I think, be found to compose, considering its great extent, a tolerably homogeneous group, which a practised eye will at once distinguish.
*The following, described by me as a Praonetha, must be separated from it to form a new genus.
DESISA.
Characteres ut in Praonetha, sed oculi modice emarginati: antennæ corpore longiores, tuberibus antenniferis basi distantibus, articulis cylindricis, rectis, apicibus haud productis vel incrassatis.
The type is Praonetha subfasciata (Journ. of Entom. i. 348). It is from Cambodia.
M 2
So far as my materials have allowed, I have had little doubt as to the distinctness of most of the species here described; the technical characters are, however, so slight in themselves as to make very decided diagnoses impossible. The colours of the derm are brown of various shades, with a pubescence of grey of various shades, modifying each other according to the density of the latter, with spots or patches or lines, more or less distinct, or mere shades of more or less intensity. Some individuals are darker than others, or their markings may be nearly obliterated, so that it is very difficult to say what characters are to be relied on; or, if a larger series of specimens were available, it might be that many forms here described would be found to belong to one variable species.
On those species with crested elytra Mr. Newman has formed his genus Pterolophia* (and Notolophia), but in some the crests are so slight that it is hard to say if they really exist; the passage is almost insensible.†
Respecting the habits of these insects, Mr. Wallace say that they are found in large numbers on the tops of bamboo palisades, used in fencing, whenever there is any moisture oozing from them.
§ 1. Elytra scarcely, or not at all, crested, the apex rounded.
Praonetha albo-signata.
Prioneta albo-signata, Blan. Voy. Pôle Sud, iv. 292, pl. xvii. fig. 11.
P. fusca; prothorace subtransverso, sat confertim impressopunctato, lateribus recto, postice angustiori; elytris lineis transversis flexuosis griseis.
Hab.—Amboyna.
Dark brown; head covered with coarse greyish hairs; prothorax subtransverse, constricted at the apex, the sides straight, although a little narrowed towards the base, rather closely punctured, the punctures strongly impressed, so as to throw the derm into short irregular folds; scutellum semicircular; elytra subseriate-punctate, striated at the sides, covered with a coars pale grey pubescence, with the exception of two or three dark brown patches at the sides, which are nearly glabrous, and are so placed
* Entom. i. 370. The type specimens in the British Museum are labelled Notolophia by Mr. Newman, which name however seems to have been subsequently overlooked or dropped.
† For further remarks on this genus, see Journ. of Entom. i. 348.
as to throw the intervening pubescence into flexuous lines; in some specimens the colour bordering the brown forms a very decided white margin, or, on the contrary, the paler colours through-out become nearly obsolete; body beneath, femora, and tibiæ pubescent, grey, spotted with brown, a large brown spot generally occupying the greater part of the last abdominal segment; tarsi dark brown, the basal joints paler; antennæ dark brown, the bases of all the joints, except the first two, paler.
Length 4—8 lines.
Praonetha obducta.
P. fusco-murina; prothorace æquato, lateribus rotundato, tenuiter punctato; elytris cinereo-subfasciatis; antennarum articulo quarto medio albo.
Hab.—Ceram, Bouru.
Pubescence greyish-brown; head with a delicate thin greyish pile, finely punctured; prothorax equal in length and breadth, rounded at the sides, minutely punctured; scutellum semicircular; elytra closely covered with a short greyish-brown pubescence, partly concealing the punctures, with three pale ashy curved bands, the middle one joining the basal at the sides; body beneath and legs yellowish-grey, slightly spotted; antennæ greyish-brown, the fourth joint white, except at the base and apex.
Length 5—6 lines.
Praonetha montana.
P. fusca, impresso-punctata; prothorace æquato, sat confertim punctato; elytris rufo-griseis, cinereo-subfasciatis; antennarum articulo quarto medio albo; abdomine rufo-ferrugineo, segmento ultimo nigro.
Hab.—Mount Ophir.
Brown; head with short ferruginous hairs, the punctures scattered; prothorax equal in length and breadth, nearly black, the punctures rather crowded, the intervals rugose and partially covered with rusty grey hairs; scutellum transversely subtriangular; elytra very slightly crested at the base, rusty grey, with scattered small brown spots, and three indefinite transverse ashy patches scarcely amounting to hands, the punctures coarsely impressed, forming at the sides raised lines between them; abdomen, sides of the breast, and legs rusty grey, the last segment black; antennæ brown, the middle of the fourth joint whitish.
Length 6 lines.
Praonetha detersa.
P. fusca; prothorace transverso, tenuiter punctato; elytris basi obsolete cristatis, obscure griseo-variis, extus fortiter striatopunctatis; antennarum articulo quarto medio albo; abdomine rufo-ferrugineo, segmento ultimo fusco.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Brown, with a mixed pubescence of short rusty and pale grey hairs, which on the elytra are here and there drawn out into short tufts; head entirely impunctate; prothorax subtransverse, a little constricted anteriorly, the sides nearly straight posteriorly, finely punctured; scutellum transverse; elytra slightly crested at the base, rather strongly punctured, with raised lines externally, almost obsoletely varied with greyish, principally a patch at the side anteriorly, and behind two irregular transverse lines; body beneath with a reddish pile, the last segment dark brown; legs brown, the tarsi with the two basal joints paler; antennæ brown, the fourth joint whitish in the middle.
Length 5 lines.
Praonetha similata.
P. fusca; prothorace transverso, punctis valde dispersis, vix observandis; elytris basi haud cristatis; abdomine griseato, articulo ultimo fusco; antennis subannulatis.
Hab.—Flores.
Closely allied to P. detersa, but the prothorax is scarcely punctured; the elytra are not crested, and the pubescence is more regular and nowhere tufted.
Length 5 lines.
Praonetha reducta.
P. fusca, tenuiter fuscescente-pubescens; prothorace subtransverso, impunctato, lateribus rotundato; elytris basi fortiter punctatis, medio albescente-subfasciatis; antennis fuscis.
Hab.—Tondano.
Dark brown, with a short thin pubescence; head and prothorax impunctate, the latter subtransverse, rounded at the sides and covered with a pale rusty-brown pile; scutellum subtriangular but rounded behind; elytra coarsely punctured at the base, rusty brown, the middle, particularly at the sides, with a large whitish patch, narrowing towards and nearly disappearing at the suture; body beneath reddish-brown, with a grey pile; legs and antennæ covered with a rusty-brown pubescence.
Length 4 lines.
Praonetha secuta.
P. fusca; prothorace transverso, impunctato, lateribus subparallelo, griseo-fusco-irrorato; elytris basi striato-punctatis, medio lateribus albescentibus; antennis obscure annulatis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Resembles P. reducta, but more robust in proportion and more coarsely punctured, the pubescence of a sordid grey, with the prothorax transverse, parallel at the sides, except just at the apex; the scutellum broader and more quadrate, and the antennæ with the greater parts of their joints dull ashy at their base.
Length 4½ lines.
Praonetha concreta.
P. fusca, nitida, interrupte pubescens; prothorace subtransverso, confertim punctato, antice angustiori; elytris rugosopunctatis, basi granuliferis, apice fulvo-brunneis.
Hab.—Tondano.
Dark brown, nitid, with a thin unequal or interrupted pubescence; head with coarse fulvous-brown hairs, sparingly punctured; prothorax subtransverse, closely punctured, narrowed anteriorly, the centre with a broad dark-brown stripe, the sides fulvous-brown; scutellum transverse, the sides parallel; elytra roughly punctured and granuliferous at the base, with a narrow band of fulvous pile, rest of the elytra to the middle dark brown, subglabrous, gradually becoming of a pale grey, which is abruptly terminated by a brown line, followed by patches of fulvous or pale rusty; body beneath and legs dark chesnut-brown, with a grey pile; antennæ brown, spotted with grey.
Length 3½ lines.
Praonetha melanura.
Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 106.
P. fusca, sparse grisescente-pubescens; prothorace fere quadrato, fortiter punctato; abdominis segmento ultimo nigro; antennarum articulo quarto (apice excepto) albo.
Hab.—Singapore.
Dark brown, the pubescence rusty, very thin and short; head with a few scattered punctures; prothorax subquadrate, its sides almost straight and parallel, the punctures crowded, impressed, and in parts nearly confluent; scutellum subtransverse, somewhat truncate behind; elytra coarsely punctured, the raised lines bending a little outwards just before the middle, the base and apex
tinged with rusty, the middle dull greyish; body beneath with a reddish pubescence, the last abdominal segment dark brown; legs and antennæ concolorous, the fourth joint of the latter white in the middle.
Length 5½ lines.
Praonetha quadraticollis.
P. fuscescente-pubescens; prothorace quadrato, vage punctato; elytris lateribus basi grosse impresso-punctatis; antennis obscure annulatis, articulo quarto albo; abdomine ferrugineogriseo, segmento ultimo nigro.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Allied to P. melanura, but larger, with a more quadrate prothorax, and much wider in proportion to the head, its punctuation less crowded and not impressed, the elytral crest more developed, although still very insignificant, and the antennæ distinctly annulated.
Length 6 lines.
Praonetha grisescens.
P. testaceo-brunnea, pube grisea omnino tecta; prothorace subquadrato, subtiliter punctato, lateribus subrotundato; elytris tenuiter punctatis, basi vix cristatis.
Hab.—Goram.
Derm pale brownish-testaceous, entirely covered with an uniform light greyish pile; head and prothorax finely punctured, the latter subquadrate, with its sides slightly rounded, principally anteriorly; scutellum subscutiform; elytra rather finely punctured, the base scarcely crested; body beneath with a coarser pubescence; antennæ and legs concolorous; a short thickish hair, arising from the anterior edge, is projected across most of the punctures.
Length 5 lines.
Praonetha ministrata.
P. testaceo-brunnea, pube ochraceo-grisea tecta; prothorace subtransverso, lateribus subrotundato; elytris subtenuiter punctatis, basi vix cristatis, rufo-plagiatis.
Hab.—Batchian.
Perhaps only a variety of P. grisescens, but the pubescence is ochraceous grey; there is a large indefinite subtriangular patch on each elytron, and the punctuation, especially above the shoulder, is a trifle coarser. In both species there is a very slight rising the base, scarcely sufficient to constitute a crest.
Length 5 lines.
Praonetha illicita.
P. picea, omnino tenuiter griseo-pubescens; prothorace lateribus rotundato, subtiliter punctato; elytris subtenuiter punctatis.
Hab.—Mysol, Aru.
Allied to P. grisescens, but with a darker derm, a thinner pubescence, the prothorax with strongly rounded sides, and the elytra less finely punctured.
Length 4½—6 lines.
Praonetha uniformis.
P. rufo-picea, supra omnino griseo-pubescens; prothorace oblongo, tenuiter punctato, lateribus apice constricto, dein parallelo; elytris subtenuiter punctatis; abdomine subferrugineo, segmento ultimo fusco.
Hab.—Java.
Distinguished from the three preceding species by its oblong prothorax, constricted anteriorly and slightly rounded, then with the sides nearly straight and parallel towards the base; abdomen reddish-rusty, with the last segment dark brown.
Length 5½ lines.
Praonetha terrea.
P. picea, omnino dense griseo-lanuginosa; prothorace subtransverso, lateribus subparallelo, minute sed distincte punctato; elytris præcipue basi punctatis, ad latera lineis elevatis distinctis.
Hab.—Aru.
More convex, and the form altogether more robust than P. grisescens and the three preceding species; the eye in proportion to the head much smaller, the punctures on the elytra more impressed, and the elevated lines, especially the one bordering the suture, more distinct.
Length 7 lines.
Praonetha torpida.
P. picea, omnino dense griseo-lanuginosa; prothorace subquadrato, lateribus rotundato, tenuiter punctato; elytris præcedenti angustioribus, modice punctatis, ad latera lineis elevatis.
Hab.—Dorey.
Narrower than P. terrea and less robust, the prothorax quadrate or nearly so, the sides more strongly and regularly rounded; the
elytra with strongly impressed punctures at the base, a low linear plumose crest less distinct in the female, and the elevated lines tolerably well-marked.
Length 5½—6½ lines.
This and the five preceding are very closely allied, and may only be varieties; but my materials do not justify their being so considered.
Praonetha subtincta.
P. dense fulvo-ferrugineo-lunuginosa; prothorace valde transverso, margine antico late emarginato; elytris basi subcristatis, medio griseo-nebulosis.
Hab.—Java.
Derm apparently testaceous, but closely covered with a fulvous or reddish-rusty pile; head rather sparsely punctured; prothorax very transverse, and remarkable for the angular emargination of the anterior border, its punctuation obscure, but marked by numerous small black spots; scutellum subscutiform; elytra finely punctured, the base and apex reddish-fulvous, the central portion clouded with pale grey, more or less tinged with reddish, crest very small, crowned with black hairs, the raised lines narrow but very distinct; body beneath and femora reddish, spotted with brown; fore tibiæ and tarsi brown, the middle and posterior greyish; antennæ brown, obscurely annulated with reddish.
Length 5 lines.*
* An undescribed species from Hong Kong, also with a very slight basal crest, may be noticed here. I have named it after Mr. Bowring, to whom the nation (which I am afraid very inadequately appreciates the gift) is indebted for the magnificent collection which has added so largely to the value of the Insect Department of the British Museum.
Praonetha Bowringii.
P. dense brunneo pubescens; prothorace subquadrato, disco medio griseoplagiato; elytris subcompressis, griseis, basi apiceque brunneis.
Hab.—Hong Kong.
Covered above with a close reddish-brown pile, varied with a large grey patch on the middle of the prothorax and extending to its base, and a very broad band of the same colour occupying two-thirds of the elytra, beginning at a short distance from the base; the raised lines on the latter are prominent and dotted with small black tufts; body beneath and legs reddish-grey, the last abdominal segment dark brown; antennæ reddish-brown, darker towards the tip, and ringed with pale ashy.
Length 6 lines.
Praonetha punctigera.
P. fusca, griseo-pubescens, punctis numerosis distinctissi[illeg]is nigris irrorata; elytris post medium macula lineaque albis transversis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Dark brown with an interrupted ochreous-grey pile; head impunctate; prothorax subtransverse, with a few shallow punctures, the pubescence in nearly obsolete stripes of dark brown and ochreous in the centre, the latter dotted with dark brown; scutellum rounded; elytra rather compressed, with numerous coarse irregular punctures at the base and middle, the posterior punctures shallow and dispersed, and margined by a dark ring, the intervals with a thin ochreous pile, behind the middle a very distinct whitish patch, and on each elytron externally an irregular whitish line; body beneath and legs brown; antennæ with greyish spots on the basal joints.
Length 5 lines.
Praonetha ephippiata.
P. fusca, dense pubescens; prothorace vittis duabus fuscis; elytris griseis, basi fasciaque submedia nigro-marginata brunneis, apicibus rotundatis.
Hab.—Menado.
Dark, with a close regular pubescence; head covered with yellowish-grey hairs; prothorax subtransverse, slightly punctured, rounded at the sides, with two dark-brown stripes on the disk; scutellum transverse; elytra short, compressed, yellowish-brown at the base, a broad band behind the middle of the same colour, but bordered with black, rest of the elytra pale greyish, the crest rather prominent, black; body beneath and legs reddish-brown, with dispersed hairs, the abdominal segments fringed; antennæ reddish-brown, with a thin pubescence, the fourth joint paler, the third to the seventh or eighth spined.
Length 5 lines.
The raised lines on the elytra in this species are very feeble.
Praonetha albivenosa.
P. fusca, tenuiter pubescens; prothorace lateribus rotundato; elytris subtrigonatis, ad latera lineis duabus albis arcuatis.
Hab.—Mount Ophir.
Dark brown, with a thin greyish pubescence; head with few punctures, the pubescence very sparse; prothorax nearly equal in
length and breadth, the sides rounded but somewhat straighter posteriorly, the disk finely punctured; scutellum transverse; elytra subtrigonate, the punctures shallow and coarsely impressed, on each a well-marked arched white line, and above this but joining it below a shorter arched line; body beneath, legs, and antennæ dark brown, with a scanty greyish pile.
Length 5½ lines.
§ 2. Elytra slightly crested at the base, the apex more or less obliquely truncate.
Praonetha conjecta.
P. fusca, grisescente pubescens; prothorace lateribus rotundato, postice lineis duabus obliquis albescentibus; elytris basi crista minuta instructis, postice obscure griseo-fasciatis, apice subacutis.
Hab.—Tondano.
Brown, with a greyish pubescence; head and prothorax covered with a short greyish pile clouded with brown, the latter with a pale oblique line on each side at the base joining the lateral borders of the scutellum, which is small, subtriangular, and margined with pale ochreous; elytra short, compressed behind, slightly crested at the base, the crest tufted, the apex slightly truncate, a large pale triangular patch behind the middle at the sides; body beneath dark brown, nitid, slightly pubescent, the margins of the abdominal segments fringed with ochreous-grey hairs; legs brown, varied with grey; antennæ brown, ringed with grey.
Length 4 lines.
§ 3. Elytra not crested at the base, the apex transversely truncate.
Praonetha undulata.
Pascoe, Journ. of Entom. i. 349.
P. brunnea, tenuiter griseo-pubescens; prothorace subquadrato, lateribus rotundato; elytrorum plaga magna ante medium fasciaque dentata post medium albescentibus; antennis corpore brevioribus.
Hab.—Batchian.
Pale reddish-brown, with a thin greyish pile; head slightly spotted with brown in front; prothorax subquadrate, the sides rounded, the disk remotely punctured; scutellum transverse, slightly emarginate at the apex; elytra slightly compressed
posteriorly, a large oblique patch at the side anteriorly, and an irregular zig-zag band posteriorly, whitish; body beneath ochreous-grey; legs reddish-brown, with an ochreous pile; antennæ reddish-brown, the tips of the joints, from the third to the tenth inclusive, drawn out on one side into short spines.
Length 7—8 lines.
Praonetha satrapa. (Pl. X. fig. 6.)
P. nigra, tenuissime pubescens; prothorace suboblongo, lateribus rotundato; elytris interrupte albo-bifasciatis, fascia postica dentata; antennis corpore longioribus.
Hab.—Ternate.
Black, subnitid, the pubescence very fine, except the bands on the elytra; head rather narrow, the eyes not approximate on the vertex; prothorax oblong, narrowed in front, the sides rounded, the disc sparingly punctured and a little depressed in the centre; scutellum subtriangular; elytra gradually narrowing from the base, scarcely compressed, with two interrupted white bands composed of a denser and coarser pubescence, the posterior narrower and zig-zag; body beneath and legs finely pubescent, the abdominal segments with a border of yellowish hairs; antennæ longer than the body in both sexes, the third to the ninth joints, inclusive, shortly spined.
Length 8—10 lines.
Praonetha sobrina.
P. fusca, tenuiter griseo-pubescens; prothorace subtransverso, corrugatim punctato; elytris medio subnitidis, griseo-fuscis; antennarum articulis sexto et septimo griseo-annulatis.
Hab.—Tondano.
Brown, with a thin greyish pile; head impunctate in front; prothorax slightly subtransverse, rather coarsely punctured, the intervals, especially in the centre, having a slightly corrugated appearance; scutellum subtriangular, bordered with a pale greyish pile; elytra not compressed, finely punctured, except at the base, the pubescence yellowish-grey, much finer across the middle, and allowing the derm to show as a broad subnitid band; body beneath with a sparse, ochreous-yellow pile; legs covered with a coarser pubescence; antennæ as long as the body, the fourth, fifth and sixth joints shortly spined, the sixth and seventh with a broad white ring.
Length 5 lines.
Praonetha villaris.
P. fusca, griseo-pubescens; prothorace subangustato, lateribus rotundato, tenuiter punctato; elytris basi fortiter punctatis; antennis fuscis.
Hab—Dorey.
Brown, with a short rough greyish, pile; head with a few scattered punctures in front; prothorax rather narrow, about equal in length and breadth, the sides rounded, the punctures small, the intervals of the derm smooth; scutellum triangular; elytra more coarsely punctured at the base, the outer punctures in rows, and each crossed longitudinally by a stout pale greyish hair, posteriorly the same kind of hairs are dispersed among the pubescence; body beneath, legs and antennæ sparsely pubescent, the latter with the third to the seventh joints, inclusive, more or less spined.
Length 4 lines.
§ 4. Elytra more or less crested at the base (the crest forming part of a raised line generally interrupted, or the elytron depressed directly behind it), posteriorly gradually declivous.
Praonetha sordidata.
P. varia, grisescente pubescens; prothorace transverso, lateribus recto, postice paulo angustato; elytris basi fere obsolete cristatis, apice late truncatis.
Hab.—Batchian.
Testaceous-brown, with a greyish pile varying in closeness; head covered with coarse yellowish-grey hairs and dotted with black; prothorax subtransverse, suddenly constricted anteriorly, the sides nearly straight, the disc finely punctured; scutellum subtriangular; elytra but slightly compressed, irregularly punctured at the base, the crest very short, the pubescence thinner the middle; body beneath and legs with a delicate greyish pile; antennæ reddish-brown, thinly pubescent, the third to the ninth joints, inclusive, spined.
Length 6½ lines.
Praonetha privata.
P. varia, grisescente pubescens; prothorace æquali, lateribus rotundato; elytris basi leviter cristatis, lineis elevatis validis, apice truncatis.
Hab.—Amboyna.
Dark testaceous-brown, with a short greyish pile varying in
closeness; head covered with coarse hairs; prothorax subtransverse, less suddenly contracted anteriorly than in P. sordidata, the sides fully rounded, the disc with fewer punctures; scutellum subtriangular; elytra but slightly compressed, the disc rather flat at the base with fewer and stronger punctures, the crest more elongate; body beneath and legs with a very thin pubescence; antennæ as in the former.
Length 5½ lines.
Praonetha infima.
P. varia, grisescente pubescens; prothorace angustato, sub-transverso, lateribus subrotundato, basi angustiori; elytris obscure fusco-variis, apice truncatis; antennis fuscis.
Hab.—Morty, Batchian.
Resembles P. privata, but the prothorax much narrower, scarcely rounded at the sides, and the basal margin rather narrower than the apical; the pubescence more ashy, and the body beneath of a leaden hue.
Length 5 lines.
Praonetha subsellata.
P. fusca, nitida, pube griseo-ochracea tecta; elytris basi ochraceis, deinde cinereis, dimidio postico fusco; antennis valde pubescentibus, fuscis, cinereo-annulatis.
Hab.—Kè.
Dark brown, nitid, with a close ochreous-grey pile; head with a few small black punctures in front; prothorax subtransverse, with small black scattered punctures; scutellum rounded; elytra compressed, the punctures on the anterior portion larger and deeper but not crowded, the base ochreous, followed by a large patch of ashy, the posterior half dark greyish-brown, paler and more pubescent towards the apex; body beneath and legs reddish-brown, with a thin ochreous pile; antennæ closely covered with ochreous hairs, the third to the ninth joints, inclusive, spined.
Length 5 lines.
Praonetha scopulifera.
P. fusca, dense pubescens; elytris griseis, brunneo-variis, lineis elevatis fasciculatis, apice conjunctim rotundatis; antennis annulatis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Dark brown, with a close brownish pubescence varied with grey; head and prothorax greyish-brown, speckled with pale grey hairs, the former nearly impunctate, the latter subtransverse, rounded at
the sides and finely punctured; scutellum semicircular; elytra compressed, irregularly punctured, reddish-brown, the middle and apex clouded with grey, the crest rather marked, the elevated lines with small nodules clothed with short tufts of dark hairs, and often with a long seta in the middle, the apex rounded; body beneath closely pubescent, greyish, the abdomen reddish; legs reddish-brown, the tibiæ at the apex and penultimate joint of the tarsi dark brown; antennæ dark brown, ringed with ashy from the fourth joint.
Length 5½ lines.
Praonetha pituitosa.
P. dense et breviter pubescens, fusca, ochraceo-varia; prothorace subtransverso; elytris post medium linea angulata grisea, apicibus oblique truncatis.
Hab.—Kaioa.
Dark brown, with a short dense pubescence varied with ochreous; head with an ochreous pile dotted with brown; prothorax subtransverse, sparingly punctured, ochreous, varied and dotted with brown; scutellum transverse; elytra slightly compressed, with two narrow sharply raised lines, the inner scarcely interrupted behind the basal crest, the ochreous line very obscure, but behind the middle rather more decided in the shape of a narrow zig-zag line, also faint indications of a similar line at the side anteriorly, the apex of each elytron obliquely truncate; body beneath and legs with a sparse ochreous pile, the centre of the last abdominal segment dark brown; antennæ with the third to the tenth joints, inclusive, strongly spined.
Length 5½ lines.
Praonetha deducta.
P. picea, breviter griseo-pubescens; prothorace subquadrato, concolori; elytris dimidio basali subcanescentibus, postice brunneis, griseo-variis, apice conjunctim subrotundatis.
Hab.—Tondano.
Pitchy brown, with a short greyish pubescence; head with sparse ochreous pile; prothorax nearly quadrate, rounded at the sides, finely punctured, with a delicate uniform pubescence; scutellum transverse; elytra compressed, with two raised line, the inner strongly marked but completely interrupted behind the crest, the basal half obscurely ashy, the pale brown followed by a little greyish, the apex nearly rounded; body beneath with a greyish pile on the breast, but silky and pale yellow on the abdomen; legs with a greyish pubescence; antennæ as in the last.
Length 5½ lines.
Praonetha costalis.
Pascoe, Journ. of Entom. i. 349.
P. dense pubescens, nigra, vel fusca, vel rufo-brunnea, griseovaria; prothorace subquadrato, griseo, brunneo-irrorato; elytris griseis, medio brunneo-fasciatis, apice truncatis.
Hab.—Batchian, Kaioa, Gilolo, Sula, Morty.
Closely pubescent, brown or nearly black, or reddish-brown varied with grey; head and prothorax grey or yellowish-grey dotted with brown, the latter nearly quadrate, with the sides slightly rounded; scutellum rounded; elytra narrowly subtrigonate, the apex truncate, the middle with a rufous-brown band, sometimes obsolete, the inner raised line interrupted behind the crest, and then replaced by four or five granules, the second line well marked, but having posteriorly an intermediate line between it and the inner, a short line also at the shoulder, the three lines granuliform at the base; body beneath and legs rufous, pubescent; antennæ rufous, the third to the ninth joints, inclusive, spined.
Length 5 lines.
§ 5. Elytra abruptly declivous posteriorly, the angle generally furnished with a short tuft, the declivous portion often differently coloured from the rest of the elytra, the exterior raised lines nearly obsolete.
Praonetha propinqua.
P. pube fusco-grisea tecta; prothorace bituberculato; elytris breviusculis, basi piloso-cristatis, declivitate apicali sordide grisea, apice truncato.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Closely covered with a brownish-grey pubescence; head and prothorax sparingly punctured, the latter strongly rounded at the sides, the disk with two oblong tubercles; scutellum nearly semicircular; elytra rather short, compressed posteriorly, the apex turncate, the basal crest crowned with a small tuft of erect hairs, the declivity of a dirty grey; the last four abdominal segments with a bright ochreous pubescence, the basal segment and rest of the body beneath brown; legs and antennæ brown, mottled with grey.
Length 4½—5 lines.
This species is allied to Praonetha penicillata from Cambodia, and is possibly P. crassipes, Wiedemann, from Java, although the next following species in some respects more nearly accords with his description.
VOL. III. THIRD SERIES, PART II—AUG. 1865. N
Praonetha iliaca.
Lamia crassipes? Wiedemann, Mag. Zool. ii. 111.
P. sordide grisea; prothorace elytrisque lateribus fusco-glabratis, his subelongatis, declivitate apicali albida, apicibus rotundatis.
Hab.—Sarawak, Java.
Dark brown, with a short compact dull-greyish pile; head and prothorax sparingly punctured, the latter subquadrate, its disk with three tubercles, the third or posterior, however, nearly obsolete; scutellum subtriangular; elytra subelongate, compressed, their sides (as well as the sides of the prothorax) subglabrous, dark chesnut-brown, nitid, the declivity of a clear yellowish-white, and strongly defined at the margin; body beneath with a thin ashy pile, yellowish on the abdomen, and dotted with a legs and antennæ dark brown, with small greyish spots.
Length 5 lines.
Praonetha pilosella.
P. dense pubescens, pilis erectis tenuissimis vestita; prothorace transverso, basi utrinque macula fusca; elytris brevibus, lateraliter infuscatis, basi piloso-cristatis, declivitate sordide alba, apice oblique subtruncatis.
Hab.—Flores.
Closely covered with a brownish-grey pile, intermixed with numerous slender erect hairs; head nearly impunctate; prothorax transverse, a large dark brown spot on each side at the base; scutellum very transverse; elytra short, compressed, finely punctured throughout, although a little less so at the base, the crest composed of a small abrupt whitish tuft, the sides dark brown, the declivity dull white; body beneath and legs with a thin greyish pile, the last abdominal segment dark brown; antennæ imperfect, but apparently concolorous with the head and prothorax.
Length 4½ lines.
Praonetha fractilinea.
P. fusca, tenuiter rufo-griseo-pubescens; prothorace bituberculato; elytris postice cinerascentibus, linea irregulari transversa albida ante cristam posticam sita, apicibus rotundatis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Dark brown, with a thin reddish-grey pile; head with a well-marked punctures in front, and a white semilunar patch between
the eyes; prothorax subtransverse, bituberculate on the disc, with numerous scattered punctures; scutellum semicircular; elytra slightly subtrigonate, compressed, the apex of each rounded, the crests small, the posterior only tufted, the sides and posterior portion ashy, crossed just before the hinder crest by a narrow, white, bent or interrupted line; body beneath and legs reddishchesnut, with a sparse grey pile, forming little spots or patches on the latter; antennæ brown, the pubescence greyish.
Length 4 lines.
Praonetha duplicata.
P. fusca, grisescente pubescens; prothorace subtransverso; elytris basi anguste et triangulariter cristatis, post medium linea angulata alba, apice subtruncatis.
Hab.—Dorey.
Brown, with a moderately-close greyish pubescence; head and prothorax sparingly punctured, the latter subtransverse and rounded at the sides; scutellum nearly semicircular; elytra scarcely compressed, the apex subtruncate, the inner raised lines well marked posteriorly and terminating in a short whitish tuft, the basal portion compressed into a short triangular crest, the second line also well marked, behind the middle a narrow zig-zag white band, the tuft above mentioned having the appearance, viewed from above, of a second band; body beneath and legs with a greyish pubescence; antennæ subannulated, the third to the ninth joints spined.
Length 5 lines.
Praonetha ferrugata.
P. fusca, pube fulvo-ferruginea tecta; prothorace medio excavato; elytris subtrigonatis, apice truncatis; antennis pedibusque annulatis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Dark brown, covered with a thin fulvous-brown pile; head nearly impunctate; prothorax nearly equal in length and breadth, rounded at the sides, longitudinally excavated in the middle, and apparently impunctate; scutellum somewhat semicircular; elytra subtrigonate, dark fulvous-brown, the declivous portion paler, basal crest small, scarcely tufted, the inner raised line strongly produced posteriorly but not rising into a crest, the apex transversely truncate; body beneath pale rusty, spotted or varied with brown; legs reddish-grey, with darker or dark-brown rings, principally on the
N 2
tibiæ antennæ with the basal joint reddish-brown, the rest dark brown, ringed with grey at the tips of the joints.
Length 3½ lines.
§ 6. Elytra not abruptly declivous, each with two short tufts or crests.
Praonetha capreola.
P. fusca, tenuiter obscure griseo-pubescens; prothorace disco bituberculato; elytris postice pallide griseo-variegatis, apicibus rotundatis.
Hab.—Flores.
Dark brown, with a thin dull-greyish pile; head and prothorax rather sparingly punctured, the latter transverse, a little contracted behind, the disc with two small but well-marked tubercles; scutellum transversely triangular, black, the two lateral angles pale yellowish-grey; elytra narrowly trigonate, the basal crest short, erect, the posterior crest terminating the strongly-raised inner line, dull greyish, the apical third paler, the apex of each rounded; body beneath blackish-brown; legs and antennæ dark brown, varied with greyish.
Length 3 lines.
§ 7. Elytra with two or three raised lines on each, the inner composed of three pilose crests, and more or less declivous posteriorly; the apex truncate.
Praonetha strumosa.
P. fusca, pube fusco-grisea tecta; prothorace robusto, utrinque albo-plagiato, basi fusco-bimaculato; elytris vix declivibus, apice truncatis, angulo exteriori paulo producto; antennis annulatis, corpore longioribus.
Hab.—Dorey.
Dark brown, with a close dark-grey pubescence; head and prothorax sparsely punctured, the latter turgid and much broader than the former, a large white patch on each side, the disc longitudinally depressed in the middle, with two dark-brown spots at the base; scutellum nearly semicircular; elytra subtrigonate, slightly compressed, each with three pilose crests, the apex transversely truncate, with the outer angle a little produced, at the side, behind the middle, a dark oblique stripe, the raised lines with a few dark spots; body beneath and legs pubescent, the tibiæ ringed grey; antennæ longer than the body, brownish, annulated with grey.
Length 6 lines.
Praonetha frustrata.
P. fusca, pube griseata tecta; prothorace minus robusto, haud albo-plagiato, basi fusco-bimaculato; elytris minus cristatis, obscure albo-lineatis, apice majus declivibus.
Hab.—Aru.
Resembles P. strumosa in many respects, but paler; the prothorax less robust, without the white patch at the side, an indistinct double V-shaped marked (one within the other) on the disc, on each side at the base a dark spot; elytra with the crests less produced, posteriorly declivous, with a few uncertain whitish hairs, but no dark spots or patches.
Length 4½ lines.
A second example is somewhat darker and larger (5½ lines), with the pale lines on the elytra even less distinct.
Praonetha variabilis.
Notolophi variabilis, Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, v. 47.
P. fusca, dense albido- vel griseo-pubescens; elytris declivibus, apice transversim subtruncatis, pone humeros plaga vel fascia alba, postque hanc plaga fusca albo-marginata.
Hab.—Aru.
Brown, with a short dense pubescence, varying from whitish to brownish-grey, mixed with dark brown; head sparingly punctured; prothorax subtransverse, somewhat turgid above, but scarcely depressed in the centre; scutellum nearly semicircular; elytra slightly subtrigonate, compressed, abruptly declivous, the apex transversely truncate, behind the shoulders and crossing in a curve between the anterior and intermediate crests is a broad whitish band, which becomes less distinct on the suture, behind this is a dark patch bordered with narrow white lines, and towards the apex a fainter repetition of the same; body beneath and legs varied with brown and grey; antennæ slightly annulated, the third to the ninth joints spined.
Length 5 lines.
Praonetha conformis.
P. fusca; prothorace griseo-irrorato; elytris declivibus, apice transversim truncatis, declivitate sordide grisea.
Hab.—Saylee.
Dark brown, with a short thin pubescence; head nearly impunctate; prothorax somewhat turgid, slightly depressed longi-
tudinally in the centre, greyish-brown, irregularly speckled with pale grey; scutellum subtriangular; elytra slightly subtrigonate, abruptly declivous posteriorly, the apex transversely truncate, the declivous portion dirty grey, the remainder dull brown; body beneath and legs with a greyish pubescence; antennæ as in P. variabilis.
Length 6 lines.
Praonetha medifusca.
P. dense pubescens, grisea; elytris, tertia parte postica excepta, purpureo-fuscis, apice truncatis; pedibus griseis, fusco-annulatis.
Hab.—Ternate.
Pubescence somewhat silky, greyish; head covered with greyish hairs, scarcely punctured; prothorax subtransverse, finely punctured, the punctures, however, giving a dotted appearance to the closely-set pubescence; scutellum transverse, grey; elytra subtrigonate, compressed, coarsely punctured at the base, dark purplish-brown and thinly pubescent throughout the anterior two-thirds, then, including the declivous portion, covered with a silky greyish pile; body beneath greyish, the last abdominal segment brown; legs ringed more or less with brown; antennæ closely pubescent, the third to the tenth joints strongly spined.
Length 4 lines.
Praonetha disjuncta.
P. dense pubescens, grisea, fusco-varia; elytris cristis duabus posticis vix elevatis, medio nigricantibus, postice lineis transversis angulatis griseis, apice truncatis.
Hab.—Dorey.
Closely covered with a dark-greyish pubescence, varied with brown; head dotted with brown in front; prothorax subquadrate, rounded at the sides, dotted with brown, longitudinally depressed on the disc, a dark brown patch on each side at the base; scutellum transverse; elytra slightly subtrigonate, thinly punctured, dark grey, the middle and shoulders blackish-brown, an oblique greyish lateral patch on each anteriorly, and towards the apex two pale irregular bands; body beneath reddish-brown; antennæ and legs brown, all with a loose coarse brownish pubescence varied with grey.
Length 4 lines.
Praonetha ignara.
P. dense pubescens, sordide grisea; prothorace lateribus infuscato, basi utrinque macula fusca; elytris lateraliter obsolete pallide variegatis; antennis pedibusque griseo-annulatis.
Hab.—Mysol.
Perhaps a variety of P. disjuncta, but without the dark patch on the elytra, the sides with only very slight traces of the pale lateral lines, the antennæ and legs more decidedly ringed, the two dark spots at the base of the prothorax larger, and its sides darker; all characters of very little importance in this genus.
Length 4 lines.
Praonetha palliata.
P. fusca, griseo-pubescens; prothorace lineis duplicatis griseis V-formibus instructo; elytris dimidio basali plaga magna læte cinerea ornatis.
Hab.—Dorey, Aru.
Closely covered with a greyish pubescence, sometimes slightly varied with brown; head nearly impunctate; prothorax subquadrate, rather more turgid anteriorly, sparingly punctured, two V-shaped pale greyish marks (one within the other) on the disc, the outer nearly touching the base; scutellum transverse; elytra slightly subtrigonate, thinly punctured, the crests well marked, a large clear ashy patch covering the whole of the upper part of the basal half, the elevated lines spotted with brown; body beneath blackish-brown, the pubescence on the breast somewhat ashy, on the abdomen yellowish; legs and antennæ with a loose greyish pubescence, varied with darker.
Length 4½ lines.
Praonetha vicinalis.
P. fusca, griseo-pubescens; prothorace basi macula magna pallida instructo; elytris ante medium cinereo-nebulosis, postice lateribus linea transversa pallida angulata.
Hab.—Batchian, Ternate.
Allied to P. palliata, but the V-shaped mark on the prothorax is replaced by a large pale-greyish basal spot; the clear ashy on the elytra nearly obliterated, and posteriorly there is a tolerably well marked dull-whitish irregular line; there is also a pale curved line connecting the posterior crest with its fellow.
Length 4—4½ lines.
Praonetha crispata.
P. fusca, fulvo fuscoque varia; capite antice subtransverso, impunctato; oculis parvis; prothorace vage punctato, subtransverso; elytris medio fusco-subfasciatis, lineis transversis indistinctis angulatis.
Hab.—Waigiou.
Dark brown, with a close fulvous pubescence variegated with brown; head subtransverse in front and impunctate; prothorax broader than long, rather turgid, with a few dispersed punctures, principally anteriorly, at the base a pale silky spot darkly shaded on each side; scutellum transversely scutiform; elytra narrowly subtrigonate, sparingly punctured, the basal crest very short, an indistinct brownish band in the middle bordered with paler flexuous lines, as well as two other lines, the posterior of which passes transversely to the suture, and the anterior, near the shoulder, joins the line next to it; body beneath and legs reddish-brown, sparingly pubescent; antennæ reddish-brown, with darker rings.
Length 3 lines.
Praonetha scoriacea.
P. fusca, fulvo fuscoque varia; capite antice quadrato, vage punctato, oculis mediocribus; prothorace angustiori, subconfertim punctato; elytris fusco-variegatis, lineis transversis fulvis.
Hab.—Aru.
Differs from P. crispata in its narrower impunctate head and larger eyes; the prothorax more oblong, the punctures more crowded, with two pale longitudinal lines at the base instead of a single spot; the coloration of the elytra nearly the same as to pattern, but the pale lines more dilated and patchy, and the crest at the base longer and rising less abruptly from the surface.
Length 3 lines.
Praonetha restricta.
P. fuliginoso-grisea; prothorace postice paulo depresso, basi utrinque macula fusca; elytris declivitate obscure grisea.
Hab.—Mysol, Aru.
Pubescence very thin, smoky or leaden grey; head sparingly punctured; prothorax subquadrate, slightly depressed at the base, the punctures not crowded; scutellum subtriangular, rounded posteriorly; elytra leaden grey, the declivity behind dull grey, the
two posterior crests very low but not connected; body beneath dull reddish-brown; antennæ and legs leaden grey.
Length 3 lines.
§ 8. Differs from § 7 in not having the intermediate crest.
Praonetha annulitarsis.
P. fusca; prothorace bituberculato; elytris basi elongato-cristatis, fasciculis numerosis fuscis instructis, declivitate apicali griseata, et griseo-lineata, apice subrotundatis; tarsis fuscis, griseo-annulatis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Dark brown, with a short brownish-grey pubescence; head and prothorax with a very compact brownish pubescence, having numerous whitish hairs scattered singly amongst it, the latter transverse, turgid, with two large tubercles on the disc; scutellum oblong, black, with its sides pale yellowish; elytra slightly subtrigonate, compressed, the apex somewhat rounded, the basal crest elongate, coarsely plumose, numerous small nodules interspersed among the punctures, each bearing a short brown tuft, the declivous portion dull grey, with irregular transverse paler lines; body beneath and legs dark brown, with an unequal greyish pubescence, very loose on the tibiæ and forming short bands across the tarsi; antennæ brown, the bases of the joints greyish.
Length 6½ lines.
This is a fine, robust species, and, except P. scopulifera (ante, p. 175), is the only one of the genus having numerous small tufts on the elytra.
STESILEA.
Characteres ut in Praonetha, sed prothorax antice vix angustior, et elytra magis elongata, depressa, semper æqualia.
Although the technical characters of this genus are not very definite, it is, nevertheless, a very natural one, and, but for the absence of the small anterior prothoracic tooth, might have been referred to the Niphoninæ. The species are all very homogeneous in point of size and colour, but the spots on the elytra may probably prove to be an uncertain character.
Stesilea prolata. (Pl. IX. fig. 5.)
S. fusca, griseo-pubescens; prothorace quadrato, angulis posticis rectis; scutello semicirculari, sparse pubescente; elytris post
medium maculis duabus albis, apicibus oblique truncatis, extus rotundatis.
Hab.—Bouru.
Dark brown, covered above with a short regular pale fulvous pile; head rather closely punctured; prothorax about equal in length and breadth, the sides very slightly rounded and forming a right angle posteriorly, the disc finely punctured; scutellum semicircular, thinly pubescent; elytra coarsely and irregularly punctured, very considerably broader than the prothorax, with two white spots behind the middle, one much smaller than the other, each apex obliquely truncate but rounded externally; body with small glabrous spots beneath, middle of the last abdominal segment glabrous, dark brown; antennæ shorter than the body, the third and fourth joints equal, the rest with an ashy ring at the base; legs uniformly pubescent, greyish.
Length 7 lines.
Stesilea scutellaris.
S. præcedente angustior, fusca, griseo-pubescens; prothorace subtransverso, postice paulo incurvato; scutello valde transverso, dense pube fulvescente vestito; elytris post medium linea transversa alba, apicibus rotundatis.
Hab.—Tondano.
Narrower than S. prolata, dark brown with a short regular pale fulvous pile; head moderately punctured; prothorax subtransverse, very slightly rounded at the sides, but a little incurved posteriorly, the disc finely punctured; scutellum transverse, very short, thickly covered with longish fulvous hairs; elytra rather coarsely punctured at the base, a narrow but very distinct snow-white line just behind the middle, the apex of each firmly rounded; body beneath with a thin fulvous pubescence, the centre smoky; antennæ about as long as the body, the third joint longer than the fourth, both ashy except at their tips, second joint and scape also somewhat ashy; legs greyish, the tibiæ tinged with ochreous, tarsi ashy.
Length 7 lines.
Stesilea inornata.
S. forma præcedentis, fusco-grisescente pubescens; prothorace æquali, lateribus rotundato; scutello semicirculari, lateribus ochreo-marginato; elytris apice subtruncatis.
Hab.—Tondano.
Narrow like S. scutellaris, dark brown with a thin greyish pile; head closely punctured; prothorax equal in length and
breadth, the sides firmly rounded, the disc closely punctured; scutellum semicircular, dark brown with an ochreous border on each side; elytra uniclorous, the apex truncate; body beneath ochreous with brownish spots; antennæ as long as the body, unicolorus; legs as in the last.
Length 7 lines.
Stesilea feriata.
S. fusca, griseo-pubescens; prothorace oblongo, lateribus rotundato; scutello semicirculari, elevato, medio depresso; elytris post medium macula nivea, apice subtruncatis.
Hab.—Ceram.
Dark brown with a greyish pubescence; head closely punctured; prothorax oblong, rounded at the sides, closely punctured; scutellum rather small, semicircular, depressed along the median line, the sides elevated; elytra coarsely punctured at the base, the apex subtruncate, a very distinct white patch behind the middle; body beneath reddish-chesnut, sparsely pubescent, the margins of the abdominal segments fringed; antennæ as long as the body, unicolorous; legs dark brown, the pubescence pale grey.
Length 6 lines.
Stesilea honesta.
S. fusca, griseo-pubescens; prothorace æquali, lateribus rotundato; scutello subtransverso, planato; elytris post medium macula nivea, apicibus rotundatis.
Hab.—Mano.
Closely resembles S. feriata, but the prothorax is broader, the scutellum different, and the apex of each elytron rounded.
Length 6 lines.
A species from Ceram, resembling S. inornata, is too much injured for description.
ROPICA.
Ropica, Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 247.
Caput antice quadratum, tuberibus antenniferis validis, divergentibus, basi approximatis. Oculi mediocres, plus minusve emarginati. Antennæ longitudine generaliter corpori æquales, graciles, setaceæ, tenuiter hirsutæ; scapo modice elongato, cylindrico, vel aliquando fere ovato; articulo tertio longiore, recto; sequentibus sensim brevioribus. Prothorax capite vix latior, regularis, lateraliter paulo rotundatus. Elytra brevia, raro subelongata, convexa, prothorace latiora, apicibus rotundatis vel oblique truncatis. Pedes breves, æquales; femora
haud clavata; tibiæ intermediæ fortiter emarginatæ; tarsi articulo ultimo elongato; coxæ anticæ et intermediæ validæ, approximatæ. Pro- et meso-sterna simplicia.
A number of small and obsurely marked species are comprised in this genus; they are on the whole tolerably homogeneous, although the short compact from of the majority is departed from in a few of its members. The transition is, however, gradual, as usual, and there is no other character to separate them. The scape of this genus is variable in size, and there is somtimes a slight but sufficiently obvious difference even in the same species. The head and prothorax are generally strongly, although rather finely, punctured; the punctures on the elytra are much coarser, and are occasionally subseriately arranged, but only in the centre of the disc; the pubescence, except on the head, is strictly confined to the spaces between them. The genus is only represented at this time in Australia by a single species (Ropica exocentroides, Pasc.).* Oopsis, Fairm., restricted to the Fiji and other Pacific Islands, is known by its strongly clavate femora.
Ropica piperata.
Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 248.
R. fuscescens, pube griseo-ochracea interrupta induta; elytris fusco-irroratis, maculis parvis albis dispersis; antennis pedibusque fuscis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Brown, or reddish-brown, covered with little patches of greyishochraceous pile; head and prothorax rather finely punctured; scutellum semicircular; elytra covered with numerous small dark points and patches, mixed with a few white pubescent spots, principally on the sutural line; body beneath dark brown, shining, slightly pubescent; legs and antennæ brown.
Length 2½ lines.
Ropica indigna.
R. fuscescens, pube sparsa grisea interrupta; elytris basi tenuissime griseo-pubescentibus, postice griseo-variegatis; antennis pedibusque griseo-variis.
Hab.—Ceram, Ternate, Gilolo, Bouru.
Pale brown, with an irregular sparse pubescence; head covered with coarse greyish hairs; lip pale grey; prothorax very trans-
* At page 2, in the table of Malayan and Australian species, for Sybra read Ropica, and vice versâ.
verse, rather narrower anteriorly, the pubescence denser at the sides; scutellum bluntly triangular; elytra with minute patches of slightly condensed pubescence, and a few small white spots, in some specimens, however, quite obsolete; body beneath and legs chesnut-red, with a thin regular pile; antennæ paler, the basal joint transversely clouded with greyish.
Length 1⅔—2⅔ lines.
Ropica illepida.
R. fuscescens, pube sparsa grisea; prothorace minus latiori, antice posticeque fere æquali; elytris brevioribus, unicoloribus; antennis gracilioribus.
Hab.—Dorey.
Allied to R. indigna, but the prothorax narrower, nearly equal in front and rear; the elytra shorter, with the pubescence more uniform in distribution and colour; and the antennæ slenderer towards the apex.
Length 2 lines.
Ropica pluviata.
R. fuscescens, pube grisea interrupta; prothorace valde transverso, lateribus fortiter rotundato; elytris medio infuscatis, humeris paulo productis; antennarum articulis griseovariis.
Hab.—Batchian.
Pale brown, with a rather close but interrupted pile; head covered with coarse greyish hairs; prothorax very transverse, narrower anteriorly, the sides strongly rounded; scutellum small, subtransverse, rounded behind; elytra moderately long, rather prominent at the shoulder, the punctures well marked, an indefinite brownish band across the middle curving downwards; body beneath chesnut-brown with a thin pile; antennæ and legs reddish-brown, varied with a grey pubescence.
Length 2½ lines.
Ropica angusticollis.
R. fuscescens, pube grisea interrupta; prothorace capite vix latiori, brevi, antice posticeque æquali; elytris brevibus, griseo-subirroratis, post medium griseo-subfasciatis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Pale reddish-brown, with a greyish interrupted pubescence; head spotted in front; prothorax short, scarcely broader than the head, the anterior and posterior borders equal in breadth; scutellum nearly scutiform; elytra short, the pubescence forming small
patches more or less distinct, behind the middle assuming the shape of a narrow flexuous band; body and legs beneath brownish, with a greyish pile; antennæ with greyish spots.
Length 1⅔—2 lines.
Ropica honesta.
R. rufo-fuscescens, pube grisea interrupta; prothorace modice transverso; elytris subelongatis, lateribus infuscatis, post medium plaga irregulari alba; antennis distincte alboannulatis.
Hab.—Dorey, Saylee, Ceram, Banka.
Pale reddish-brown, with a greyish interrupted pile; head covered with coarse greyish hairs; prothorax rather broader than long; scutellum broadly triangular, somewhat pointed behind; elytra moderately elongate, darker at the sides, the centre varying from pale rusty to grey, behind the middle a zig-zag white patch, occasionally small patches along the suture; body beneath testaceous-brown; legs more or less definitely banded with grey; antennæ very distinctly ringed with pale greyish.
Length 3—3½ lines.
Ropica evitata.
R. ferruginea, pube fulvescente interrupta; prothorace confertim punctato; elytris pone medium linea transversa subobsoleta pallida; antennis indistincte annulatis.
Hab.—Amboyna.
Brownish-ferruginous, with an interrupted yellowish-grey pile; head with coarse yellowish hairs; prothorax short, scarcely wider than the head, somewhat closely punctured; scutellum transverse; elytra with the pubescence very irregular and indefinite, a transverse whitish line at about one-third of their length from the apex, behind which the pubescence is denser; body beneath with a compact somewhat silky pile; legs slightly ringed, the two basal joints of the tarsi whitish; antennæ obscure, varied with greyish.
Length 2 lines.
Ropica analis.
R. fusca, pube grisea interrupta; prothorace fuligineo, sparse punctato; elytris pone medium maculis tribus transversis albis; antennis distincte annulatis.
Hab.—Morty.
Dark brown, with a scanty greyish pubescence; head with a coarsish pile not covering the punctures; prothorax broader than
the head, rather remotely punctured; scutellum transverse; elytra reddish-brown, with three white patches, arranged transversely, at about a third of the length of the elytra from the apex, behind these the grey pubescence is sufficiently dense to give a very decided coloration to the part; body beneath reddish-chesnut, with a thin greyish pile; legs slightly ringed with greyish and brown; antennæ brownish, thinly pubescent.
Length 2 lines.
Ropica stolata.
R. fulvo-testacea, dense griseo-pubescens; prothoracis medio, scutello, sutura, et vitta obliqua post humeros, rufo-testaceis, glabris.
Hab.—Batchian.
Yellowish or brownish-testaceous, with a close greyish pile; head covered with coarsish hairs; prothorax broader than the head, varied with five or six reddish-brown patches; scutellum broadly scutiform, dark brown; elytra broadest at the base, with an oblique dark reddish-brown stripe at the sides, strongly contrasting with the pale grey of the centre; body beneath and legs pale reddish-chesnut, with a scanty pubescence; antennæ slightly varied with greyish.
Length 2 lines.
Ropica rivulosa.
R. testaceo-fusca, pube sparsa grisea; elytris lineis duabus indistinctis posticis rufo-brunneis, interiore ad suturam curvata.
Hab.—Dorey.
Testaceous-brown, with a thin greyish pubescence; head remotely punctured; prothorax scarcely broader than the head, the front and rear margins equal in breadth, the disc with a broad dark central stripe; scutellum subscutiform; elytra paler than the prothorax, each with two somewhat glabrous stripes, meeting posteriorly at the suture their two fellows; body beneath pale chesnut-brown, with a slight pubescence; legs and antennæ brown, nearly unicolorous, with a very thin pubescence.
Length 2 lines.
Ropica variipennis.
Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, v. 51.
R. testaceo-fusca, pube grisea variegata; elytris basi et parte
tertia posticali pallide ochraceis, hac linea subcirculari alba ornata, disco ante medium cinereo.
Hab.—Aru.
Testaceous-brown, with a short compact varied pubescence, principally grey; head and prothorax rather finely punctured; elytra coarsely punctured, the base ochraceous, the posterior third also ochraceous but paler, within this a subcircular line of pure white, a darker shade where the colours meet, middle of the disc anteriorly ashy; body beneath reddish-brownish with a fine greyish pile; antennæ and legs obscure greyish.
Length 2½ lines.
Ropica fuscicollis.
R. fusca, tenuissime pubescens; elytris basi griseo-pubescentibus, lateribus postice macula magna alba.
Hab.—Aru.
Dark brown, lighter on the elytra, with a very thin pubescence; head nearly impunctate; prothorax robust, broader than the head, very short, and finely punctured; scutellum transverse; elytra rather short, with a small callosity at the base, the basal half with a greyish pubescence gradually disappearing towards the middle, posteriorly a large whitish spot on each, the apex with a slight unequal greyish pubescence; body beneath chesnut with a thin greyish pile, the three intermediate segments with blueish spots; legs and antennæ brown, the pubescence very scanty.
Length 2½ lines.
Ropica cunicularis.
R. testaceo-fusca, tenuiter pubescens; elytrorum tertia parte posticali albescente et macula triangulari communi fusca ornata, apice oblique truncato.
Hab.—Batchian, Banka, Amboyna, Ternate.
Testaceous-brown, thinly pubescent; head slightly punctate; prothorax short, broader than the head, narrower anteriorly, finely punctured, the pubescence somewhat silky, ochraceous-grey; scutellum subtransverse, dusky brown; elytra with a thin greyish pubescence, except on the posterior third, where it becomes denser and assumes a whitish hue, in the middle of which is a small triangular patch common to both elytra; body beneath reddish-chesnut, thinly pubescent; legs and antennæ indistinctly banded with greyish.
Length 2—2½ lines.
Ropica viduata.
R. fusca, pube sparsa grisea interrupta; elytris griseo-variegatis, obsolete fusco-subfasciatis, lateribus postice albo-maculatis; antennis obscure grisis, scapo fusco.
Hab.—Batchian, Gilolo.
Dark brown, with a thin unequal greyish pile; head nearly impunctate; prothorax short, broader than the head, finely punctured, brown, with two more or less indefinite greyish stripes on each side; scutellum subtransverse; elytra obscurely varied with curved greyish bands, behind the middle three white nearly-connected spots in a transverse direction; body beneath dark pitchy-brown; legs and antennæ brown, thinly pubescent, the latter with short, stiff, erect scattered hairs, and the basal joint nearly black.
Length 2½—3 lines.
Ropica lachrymosa.
R. nigra, sparse albo-setulosa; elytris post medium maculis tribus albis transversim positis; tibiis tarsisque posticis brunneo-testaceis, albo-pilosis.
Hab.—Batchian.
Black, with small white setulose hairs scattered over the elytra; head and prothorax nearly impunctate, with an exceedingly delicate greyish pile, the latter very short and strongly rounded at the sides; scutellum transverse; elytra nearly glabrous, except three white patches posteriorly placed transversely, the setulæ arising singly from the anterior over-hanging margin of each puncture; body beneath dark brown, with a long yellowish-grey fringe bordering the margin of the basal abdominal segment; legs dark brown, the posterior tibiæ, except at the hase, with their tarsi, clothed with rather long greyish hairs; antennæ nearly uniformly dark brown.
Length 2½ lines.
Ropica vetusta.
R. fusca vel rufo-fusca, pube rufo-grisea tecta; elytris postice macula magna alba, vel aliquando fascia ad suturam inter-rupta; antennis griseo-submaculatis.
Hab.—Tondano.
Brownish or reddish-brown, with a somewhat coarse reddish-grey pubescence; head covered with greyish hairs; prothorax finely punctured, a little broader than the head, strongly rounded at the sides; scutellum nearly triangular; elytra subseriate-punc-
VOL. III. THIRD SERIES, PART II.—AUG. 1865. O
tate, a little produced at the apex, a white spot, varying in size or nearly disappearing, on the posterior third; body beneath reddish-brown, with a thin rather compact pubescence; legs and antennæ more or less definitely banded or ringed with greyish.
Length 3 lines.
Ropica puncticollis.
R. fuscescens, pube griseo-brunnea tecta; prothorace fere æquali, creberrime punctato; elytris striato-punctatis, griseobrunneis, circa scutellum et vitta arcuata laterali rufo-fuscis.
Hab.—Sula.
Brownish, covered with a short compact greyish pubescence; head and prothorax reddish-brown, the latter closely and deeply punctured, nearly equal in length and breadth, and scarcely broader than the head; scutellum subtransverse; elytra strongly and broadly striate-punctate, around the scutellum and a wide curved lateral stripe reddish-brown; body beneath and legs brownish-red, with scattered greyish hairs; antennæ pale reddish-brown, almost testaceous at the base.
Length 2 lines.
Ropica vinacea.
R. rufo-brunnea, subtilissime pubescens; prothorace utrinque elytrisque lateribus rufo-fuscis, his post medium maculis albis fere obsoletis instructis.
Hab.—Ternate, Sarawak.
Reddish-brown, with an exceedingly delicate pubescence; head brownish, with the pubescence longer and of a greyish colour in front; prothorax short, scarcely broader than the head, finely punctured, the sides darker; scutellum subtriangular, rounded behind; elytra reddish in the centre, the sides dark brown, a few indistinct whitish spots posteriorly (entirely absent in one specimen); body beneath and legs reddish-brown, the pubescence very fine and scanty; antennæ paler, with a short greyish pile.
Length 2½ lines.
Ropica tentata.
R. rufo-testacea, pube grisea tecta; prothorace utrinque infuscato; elytrorum medio a humeris longitudinaliter infuscato, post medium fascia interrupta flexuosa albescente.
Hab.—Waigiou.
Reddish-testaceous, covered with a longish somewhat silky greyish pile; head slightly punctured, depressed above between the eyes; prothorax rather broader than long, darker at the
sides; scutellum nearly triangular; elytra reddish-testaceous in the centre, clouding into dark brown towards the sides, but becoming lighter again at the margins, a little behind the middle a large flexuous white band; body beneath pale reddish, thinly pubescent, the basal segment of the abdomen fringed with yellowish hairs; legs slightly banded with pale reddish and brown; antennæ reddish-testaceous, with spots of greyish pile.
Length 3 lines.
Ropica irritata.
R. fusca, pube griseata tecta; elytris subelongatis, maculis magnis obscure griseis subobsoletis instructis.
Hab.—Tondano.
Dark brown, covered with a short compact greyish or ochreous-grey pile; head and prothorax slightly punctured, the latter robust, broader than the former, the sides strongly rounded; scutellum nearly triangular; elytra slightly elongate, coarsely punctured; body beneath and legs dark chesnut-brown, the first abdominal segment closely fringed with yellowish silky hairs; antennæ about a third longer than the body, nearly unicolorous.
Length 3 lines.
Ropica illiterata.
R. fuscescens, pube fusco-grisea tecta; prothorace elytrisque fusco-plagiatis, his subelongatis, maculis duabus albis instructis, una submediana, altera posteriori.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Brownish, with a dark greyish compact pile; head rusty grey, slightly punctured; prothorax robust, subtransverse, broader than the head, remotely and irregularly punctured, darker at the sides; scutellum transverse; elytra subelongate, very slightly raised at the base so as to form a kind of ridge, behind the middle two whitish spots, each of which has dashes of brown before and behind it; body beneath and legs brown, with a thin smooth pubescence; antennæ longer than the body, covered with small greyish spots.
Length 4 lines.
Ropica servilis.
R. fuscescens, pube ochraceo-grisea tecta; capitis vertice prothoraceque fuscatis, vittis duabus griseis; elytris elongatis, ad basin inter scutellum et humeros macula grisea, disco maculis pallidis, aliquando obsoletis.
Hab.—Batchian, Gilolo, Ceram, Bouru, Mysol, Ternate, Aru, Dorey.
O 2
Brownish, with a greyish or ochreous-grey pubescence, composed of very short regular and somewhat sca'e-like hairs; head rather narrow, the pubescence irregular and not scale-like; prothorax broader than the head, narrowed at the base, nearly equal in length and breadth, somewhat coarsely and remotely punctured, the disc with two greyish stripes, which are continuous with two on the vertex; scutellum subtriangular; elytra elongate, the stripes on the prothorax joining two shorter stripes or patches at their base; body beneath, legs and antennæ pale chesnut-brown, with a delicate greyish pile; the antennæ much longer than the body (in one ♂ specimen half as long again).
Length 3½—4 lines.
Ropica didyma.
R. fuscescens, pube fusco-grisea tecta; prothorace remote punctato, vittis duabus griseis; elytris subelongatis, ad humeros fuscis, post medium maculis duabus albis oblongis instructis.
Hab.—Bouru.
Possibly a variety of R. servilis, but paler, the prothorax more transverse, with the punctures, especially at the sides, fewer and more remote; the elytra shorter, with the scape smalle, less cylindrical, and approaching to fusiform.
Length 3¼ lines.
MEXIMIA.
Characteres ut in Ropica, sed antennæ lineares, haud fimbriatæ
It is impossible to retain the species on which this genus founded in Ropica, without violating a character which is constant throughout the latter group. The scape, variable in Ropica, is, in the two species described below, shortly ovate, but the coloration and apparent glabrosity (for the pubescence is visible only under the microscope) give them quite a different habit. The punctures on the prothorax and elytra are, as in other members of the subfamily, furnished at the base each with a triangular scale-like hair.
Meximia decolorata. (Pl. X. fig. 2)
M. fulvo-testacea, fere glabra; elytris postice subcallos, castaneo-notatis; antennis pedibusque albidis, castaneo-annulatis.
Hab.—Batchian.
Fulvo-testaceous, apparently glabrous, but under the micro-
scope exceedingly fine hairs, placed at short distances from each other, may be seen; head and prothorax darker, or slightly ferruginous, rather coarsely and on the latter very closely punctured; scutellum small, rounded posteriorly; elytra coarsely punctured, the disc sligtly flattened above, but rising into a slight callosity on each side posteriorly, from each callosity a patch of reddish-chesnut spreads outwards and downwards to the margin; body beneath testaceous, with a few large punctures; femora fulvo-testaceous; tibiæ and tarsi ivory-white, banded with fulvous; antennæ white, tinged with yellow, the tips of the second and third joints darker, the fourth to the tenth inclusive more or less reddish-brown, except at their bases.
Length 2 lines.
Meximia perfusa.
M. rufo-brunnea, fere glabra; elytris vitta obliqua rufo-castanea, postice rufo-testaceis, griseo-maculatis; antennis testaceis, articulis a tertio dimidio apicali fuscis.
Hab.—Dorey.
Reddish-brown, apparently glabrous; head and prothorax opaque, reddish-brown, rather finely but distinctly punctured, the latter much narrower anteriorly, with the sides slightly angulated; scutellum broadly scutiform; elytra coarsely punctured, light reddish-brown, nitid, a darker brown oblique stripe from near the shoulder to within about a third of the apex but not meeting at the suture, remainder of the elytra beyond the stripe reddish-testaceous with spots of greyish pubescence; body beneath reddish-brown, remotely punctured, the abdomen paler and the punctuation confined to the base of the segments; legs reddish-brown, the middle of the tibiæ with a broad testaceous band; antennæ testaceous, the apical half of each joint, from the third or fourth, brown.
Length 2 lines.
GEMYLUS.
Caput antice subquadratum, tuberibus antenniferis brevibus, basi haud approximatis. Oculi parvi, fere divisi. Antennæ corpore breviores, lineares, subtus fimbriatæ; scapo breviter ovato; articulis tertio et quarto longioribus; sequentibus brevioribus, subæqualibus. Prothorax capite paulo latior, regularis, lateraliter rotundatus, basi haud constrictus. Elytra prothorace multo latiora, convexa, pone medium
graditim attenuata et declivia, apicibus rotundatis. Pedes breves; tarsi triangulares, articulo ultimo præcedentibus haud longiore.
Except that the antennæ are linear beyond the basal joints there is very little to distinguish this genus from Sybra; the form of the elytra, however, is peculiar and gives the anique specimen before me altogether a different character from any other in this group.
Gemylus albipictus. (Pl. IX. fig. 1.)
G. niger, setulosus, maculis paucis niveo-pubescentibus ornatus.
Hab.—Morty.
Deep black, somewhat glossy, with scattered setulose hair, and pure white pubescent spots or lines; head irregularly and sparsely punctured, a white spot below and another behind each eye; prothorax convex, rather narrower anteriorly, somewhat sparingly punctured, an oblique white stripe on each side; scutellum small; elytra very convex, the sides nearly parallel for about two-thirds of their length, then suddenly contracting, and each ending in a rounded apex, irregularly punctured at the base, a small round white spot before the middle, a short oblique line posteriorly and nearer the apex a longitudinal one, both also white; body beneath black; legs black, more or less striped with white, especially the tibiæ intermediate and posterior femora; antennæ black, fuliginous towards the tip.
Length 2½ lines.
SYBRA.
Caput antice subquadratum; tuberibus antenniferis validis, divergentibus, basi approximatis. Oculi prominuli, late emarginati, supra approximati vel subapproximati. Antennæ generaliter corpore vix longiores, graciles, setaceæ, subfimbriatæ; scapo brevi, ovato vel subcylindrico; articulis tertio et quarto multo longioribus et curvatis; brevioribus. Prothorax capite latior, lateribus rotundatis, basi quam apice generaliter latior. Elytra subelongata, subdepressa, prothorace latiora, apicibus acutis vel apiculatis, rarissime rotundatis. Pedes breves, æquales; mesotibiæ fortiter emarginatæ; tarsi angustati, modice elongati, et tibiis generaliter longitudine æquales; coxæ anticæ et intermediæ mediocres, subdistantes. Pro- et meso-sterna declivia.
The general outline of the species of this genus is different from Ropica, being more elongate and fusiform and very decidedly
depressed above. The characters, although not very decisive, are tolerably constant for so large a group. The type, Sybra stigmatica, is nearly allied to a Madagascar species—the Saperda geminata of Klug. I have divided the genus into three sections, the first having the apex of each elytron brodly wedge-shaped, and the sutural side of the wedge with a convex outline; the second section has a narrower and more projecting wedge, and the sutural side more or less concave; the third section has each elytron rounded at the apex. Sybra incivilis, Pasc., from Port Densison and S. posticalis, Pasc., from Hong-Kong, belong to the first, and S. acuta* from New South Wales, to the second. The first, and by far the largest, section is divided into subsections dependent on the comparative breadth of the prothorax at the base. The species are all of small size, with a derm varying from testaceous to dark brown or nearly black, and covered with a generally scanty greyish pubescence, almost invariably relieved by spots or patches of white, grey or brown, but often so indistinctly as to require a strong lens to distinguish them. Unfortunately there is reason to believe that the species vary considerably among themselves, and particularly that a minute description of the coloration would only be applicable to certain individuals; at the same time the distinctions to be drawn from form and sculpture are not always sufficiently decided to allow of their being clearly stated. With a large number of examples, I can conceive that it might be impossible to divide them satisfactorily at all. In fact I have put aside several that I can neither resolve into species or quasi-species, nor refer to any here described. In two or three instances in which Mr. Wallace has marked the sexes of the same species, the differences between them consist chiefly in the broader prothorax and somewhat longer antennæ of the males.
§ 1. Elytra apicibus late cuneatis.
* Prothorax suboblongus, lateribus rotundatis, basi incurvatis.
Sybra stigmatica. (Pl. IX. fig. 2.)
Ropica stigmatica, Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, v. 51.
S. fusca, griseato-pubescens; prothorace modice et vage punctato; elytris angulatis, postice dilatatioribus, post medium maculis duabus oblongis albis.
Hab.—Aru.
* Sybra acuta=Ropica geminata, Pasc. I have been obliged to alter the latter name, in consequence of Klug's Saperda geminata (above alluded to) coming into the same genus.
Dark brown, with a tolerably compact greyish pubescence; head with coarse yellowish hairs in front; prothorax rather sparingly punctured, obscurely striped with brown; scutellum strongly rounded behind; elytra seriate-punctate, the punctures much coarser than those on the prothorax, the basal half brownish, the apical half closely covered with a yellowish-grey pubescence, each with two white oblong spots behind the middle; body beneath dark brown, with a sparse greyish pile; antennæ and legs pale ferruginous, sparingly pubescent.
Length 3 lines.
Sybra marcida.
S. pallide fuscescens, griseato-pubescens; prothorace fortiter punctato; elytris latioribus, post medium macula subobsoleta alba.
Hab.—Dorey, Saylee.
Pale brownish, covered with a smooth equal greyish pile; head with a coarse crisp yellowish pubescence in front; prothorax robust, deeply and closely punctured; scutellum rounded behind; elytra irregularly punctured at the base, thence forming regular rows, which disappear towards the apex, behind the middle a small obscure whitish spot; body beneath and legs yellowish-ferruginous, finely pubescent; antennæ luteous, with a very slight pubescence.
Length 3½ lines.
Sybra chloropoda.
S. fusca, griseo-pubescens; prothoracis disco fusco, vitta mediana et lateribus griseo-pubescentibus; elytris griseo-infuscatis, regione scutellari et plagis indistinctis fuscis; femoribus tibiisque pallide viridibus, tarsis nigricantibus.
Hab.—Waigiou.
Dark brown, with a coarse greyish pubescence; head brown, sparingly punctured, with a few greyish hairs in front; prothorax finely punctured, the disc brown with a narrow central stripe and the sides covered with coarse greyish hairs; scutellum subtransverse; elytra punctured as in S. marcida, the base around the scutellum, and certain indefinite patches at the sides and towards the apex, brown; body beneath reddish-brown, finely pubescent; femora and tibiæ pale yellowish-green, tarsi dark brown; antennæ pale luteous, darker towards the tips.
Length 2¾ lines.
Sybra contigua
S. fusca, griseo-pubescens; prothoracis disco fusco, lateribus griseo-pubescentibus; elytris indistincte fusco-notatis, singulis medio macula alba instructis; pedibus luteis.
Hab.—Ceram.
Dark brown, with a greyish pubescence; head moderately punctured, covered with sparse coarse greyish hairs; prothorax finely punctured, the disc dark brown, passing gradually into the grey of the sides and anterior portion; scutellum transverse; elytra punctured as in S. marcida, indefinitely marked with brown, more particularly a patch on each side the scutellum, and another, which forms with its fellow a sort of V-shaped figure, nearly in the centre and behind the middle of each elytron is a small white spot; body beneath dark brown, thinly pubescent; legs and antennæ luteous, with a fine greyish pile, the latter darker at the tips.
Length 2½ lines.
Sybra jejuna.
S. lutea, pube grisea tecta; prothorace transverso, medio brunneo; elytris, præsertim basi, brunneo-maculatis; antennis pedibusque testaceis, illis apicibus articulorum obscuris.
Hab.—Dorey.
Brownish-yellow, with a coarse reddish-grey pile; head brown, sparingly punctured, with dispersed greyish hairs in front; prothorax finely but rather sparsely punctured, disc dark brown, with an interrupted central greyish stripe, the sides grey; scutellum transverse; elytra subseriate-punctate, except at the base, a patch on each near the scutellum dark brown, rest of the elytra with indefinite reddish-brown patches mixed with the grey; body beneath luteous, with a close delicate yellowish-grey pile; legs pale testaceous, the tarsi dark brown; antennæ testaceous, the tips of the joints becoming more and more brownish towards the apex.
Length 2½ lines.
Sybra arcifera.
S. infuscata, pube sparsa grisea; prothorace omnino griseo-pubescenti; elytris post medium linea arcuata alba, extus fusco-glabratis.
Hab.—Timor.
Reddish-brown, with a loose greyish pile; head sparingly punctured in front, the eyes approximating on the vertex; prothorax
finely punctured, the interspaces with an uniform grey pubescence; scutellum subtransverse; elytra seriate-punctate nearly from the base, behind the middle of each a very indistinct whitish curved stripe (the concavity outwards), within this srtipe a well-marked dark-brown oblong glabrous patch; body beneath luteous, with a greyish pile; legs and antennæ brownish-luteous, thinly pubescent.
Length 2½ lines.
Sybra connexa.
S. infuscata, pube sparsa grisea interrupta; prothoracis dico vitta lata subglabra; elytris medio signo V-formi infuscato instructis.
Hab.—Ternate, Sula.
Size and form of S. arcifera, but without the arched line at the sides, and in addition a glabrous V-shaped mark nearly in the centre of the elytra, as well as a broad brownish subglabrous stripe on the prothorax; antennæ testaceous, very indistinctly annulated, legs nearly unicolorous, both finely pubescent.
Length 2½ lines.
Sybra fervida.
S. fusca; prothoracis basi utrinque plaga rufo-griseo-pubescenti; elytris pube rufo-grisea varia, apicem versus magis pubescentibus et maculis albis ornatis; pedibus rufo-griseo-variegatis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Dark brown, nearly glabrous, except for certain patches of reddish-grey pile, of which the prothorax has one on each side, at the base, particularly well marked; the patches on the elytra are less distinct and of very irregular figures, but towards the apex they are more obvious and are further distinguished by a few small round whitish spots scattered on them; antennæ pale reddish-brown, the tips of the terminal joints dark brown; legs varied with patches of reddish-grey; tarsi reddish-testaceous.
Length 2½ lines.
Sybra notatipennis.
S. fusca, pube grisea interrupta; prothoracis disco fuscobimaculato; elytris singulis circa scutellum punctis oblongis quatuor, duobus basalibus, uno mediano, alteroque pone medium, fuscis.
Hab.—Mysol.
Dark brown, with an interrupted yellowish-grey pubescence; head rather narrow, coarsely pubescent; prothorax sparingly punctured, an indistinct brownish patch in the centre; scutellum transversely subquadrate, rounded behind; elytra subseriate-punctate, the punctures disappearing near the apex, near the scutellum large dark subglabrous patches, another near the middle and two or three smaller patches at the sides; body beneath and legs luteous, with a coarse yellowish-grey pile; antennæ luteous, the tips of the joints becoming gradually darker towards the apex.
Length 3 lines.
Sybra venosa.
S. rufo-brunnea, griseato-pubescens; prothorace concolori; elytris linea curvata grisea ab humeris ad medium sita; antennarum articulis basi dilutioribus.
Hab.—Mysol.
Reddish-brown, with a thin delicate greyish pubescence; head and prothorax sparingly punctured, uniformly greyish pubescent; scutellum subtransverse; elytra punctured as in S. marcida, the apex emarginate towards the suture, an obliquely curved narrow line, composed of a more densely placed pubescence, extending from the shoulder to the middle, then gradually dying out posteriorly; body beneath, legs and antennæ, reddish-luteous, all covered with a sparse greyish pile.
Length 3½ lines.
Sybra umbratica.
S. fusca, tenuiter griseo-pubescens; prothorace elytrisque lateribus subobsolete oblongo-griseo-notatis, illo vage punctato; antennis pedibusque concoloribus.
Hab.—Sarawak, Mysol, Ternate.
Brown, with a very spare greyish pubescence; head nearly impunctate, especially on the vertex; prothorax remotely punctured, and very obscurely striped with brown; scutellum small, subtransverse; elytra punctured as in S. marcida, but, owing to the thinness of the pubescence, the punctuation is more marked, and the pubescence itself has a stripy character; body beneath and legs dark brown, with a very scattered pubescence; antennæ uniformly brown, with greyish hairs.
Length 3½ lines.
The specimen from Ternate is rather more uniformly coloured, and the tips of the elytra are rather less produced.
Sybra inanis.
S. fusca, subtilissime griseo-pubescens; prothorace vage punctato, lateribus magis pubescentibus; elytris maculis oblongis griseis dispersis, apicibus subrotundatis; antennis pedibusque concoloribus.
Hab.—Salwatty.
Very near S. umbratica, but the pubescence still scantier and more uniform on the prothorax, and gathered up on the elytra in small greyish spots, the apex of each elytron being also nearly rounded, owing to the obliteration of the angles which go to form its wedge-shaped termination in the cognate species; body beneath reddish-chesnut, with a very delicate pubescence; legs and antennæ concolorous.
Length 3½ lines.
Sybra luteicornis.
S. angustior, fuscescens, griseo-pubescens; elytris post medium maculis duabus oblongis albis; antennis pedibusque luteis.
Hab.—Dorey.
Narrower than either of the preceding, but otherwise closely allied to S. umbratica, only more pubescent, the punctuation finer, with two oblong whitish, but very faint, spots on the elytra, and the antennæ and legs luteous.
Length 3 lines.
Sybra herbacea.
S. infuscata, fulvo-pubescens et setulosa; elytris apice divergentibus; antennis pedibusque testaceis, tarsis infuscatis.
Hab.—Morty.
Brownish, with a loose fulvous pubescence mixed with small erect hairs; head dark brown, subnitid; prothorax reddish-brown in the centre, fulvous at the sides; scutellum subtriangular; elytra subseriate-punctate, the apex of each gradually rounded outward from the suture and terminating in a well-marked broad pointed angle, the disc dark reddish-brown, the sides, posterior portion, and part of the suture, bright fulvous; body beneath reddish-testaceous; legs and antennæ pale testaceous, the tarsi brownish.
Length 2¾ lines.
Sybra cretifera.
S. nigro-fusca, subtilissime pubescens; prothorace basi utrinque guttis duabus niveis; elytris obscure griseato-maculatis, guttis niveis, præcipue posticis, dispersis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Nearly black; the pubescence very scanty, yellowish; head black, with small yellowish patches of pubescence; prothorax semiglabrous, black, sparingly punctured, some of the interspaces with yellowish hairs, and at the base on each side two or three very dense patches of white hairs; scutellum transverse; elytra subseriate-punctate, with scattered yellowish hairs as on the prothorax, with smaller whitish spots, four or five, principally posteriorly; body beneath dark brown, nitid; legs black, indistinctly varied with greyish, especially on the tarsi; antennæ dark brown, the joints more or less greyish at the base.
Length 3 lines.
* * Prothorax suboblongus, lateribus vix rotundatis, postice rectis.
Sybra triangularis.
S. fuscescens, pube grisea interrupta; prothorace vage punctato; elytris postice obscure fusco- et albo-irroratis, circa scutellum macula magna triangulari fusca nitida albo-marginata.
Hab.—Batchian.
Brownish, with an interrupted greyish pubescence; head with loose greyish hairs; eyes rather large and prominent; prothorax somewhat sparingly punctured; scutellum narrow, rounded behind; elytra irregularly punctured, except in the centre, where there are about three tolerably well marked rows, the base with a large subglabrous glossy brown patch bordered with white, commencing at the shoulder on each side and forming an equilateral triangle, towards the apex several small pale greyish spots; body beneath and legs brown; antennæ brown, the joints more or less pale testaceous at the base.
Length 3 lines.
Sybra petulans.
S. elongata, fusca, omnino subtiliter griseato-pubescens; elytris apicibus subacuminatis; antennis pedibusque fulvo-testaceis.
Hab.—Gilolo.
Resembles S. umbratica but concolorous; the vertex strongly punctured; the eyes above much more approximate; the prothorax straight at the sides posteriorly; the apex of each elytron longer and more acuminate; body beneath reddish-chesnut, the sides more especially clothed with a greyish pile; antennæ pale fulvous-testaceous, the legs a little darker.
Length 4 lines.
Sybra desueta.
S. lutea, pube regulari griseata tota tecta; antennarum articulis apicibus infuscatis.
Hab.—Dorey.
Luteous, covered with an equal, somewhat coarsish, greyish pile; head strongly punctured, especially on the vertex; prothorax longer than broad, also strongly punctured; scutellum transverse; elytra subseriate-punctate from the base, the apex broadly cuneate; body beneath and legs luteous, with a regular thin greyish pile; antennæ pale luteous, finely pubescent.
Length 3¼ lines.
Sybra putida.
S. lutea, griseo-pubescens; prothorace disco fulvo-brunneo, lateribus magis pubescentibus; elytris pedibusque omnino griseo-pubescentibus; antennis testaceis.
Hab.—Mysol.
Luteous, with a loose grey pubescence; head nearly impunctate on the vertex; prothorax scarcely so long as broad, the disc with a greyish median stripe on each side, less pubescent and darker; scutellum rather narrow; elytra irregularly punctured at the base, the punctures nearly disappearing at the middle and thence to the apex, which in each elytron is very nearly rounded; body beneath luteous; legs and antennæ pale luteous, with loose greyish hairs.
Length 2½ lines.
Sybra grammica.
S. fusca, subtiliter pubescens; prothorace æquato, lateribus magis pubescenti; elytris substriato-punctatis, singulis lineis duabus albis basalibus, postice lineis vel maculis interruptis obsoletis.
Hab.—Mysol.
Dark brown, with a sparse pubescence; head with a few punctures between the eyes, but none on the vertex; prothorax nearly
equal in length and breadth, sparingly punctured, the pubescence denser than on the elytra, a brown U-shaped mark at the base; scutellum small, subtransverse; elytra subseriate-punctate, or at the sides and base partially striate-punctate, the pubescence raised in the intervals and more or less linear, especially two lines at the base of each; body beneath and legs brown, with a greyish pile; antennæ paler, with greyish hairs.
Length 3 lines.
Sybra repudiosa.
S. fusca, subtiliter pubescens; prothorace subtransverso, medio infuscato; elytris substriato-punctatis, griseo-sublineatis.
Hab.—Tondano.
Closely resembling S. grammica, but the prothorax shorter, the pubescence finer and more equally distributed, and the lines on the elytra less marked.
Length 3 lines.
Sybra iconica.
S. fusca, subtiliter pubescens; prothorace fere æquato, concolori; elytris modice punctatis, regione suturali, basi excepta, pallide brunnea; antennis pallide brunneis, articulorum apicibus infuscatis.
Hab.—Batchian, Saylee, Bouru.
Dark brown, thinly pubescent; head remotely punctured; prothorax nearly equal in length and breadth, sparsely punctured on the disc, but almost impunctate anteriorly (in the Saylee specimen there is a broad dark central stripe); elytra subseriate-punctate, the pubescence greyer, more condensed, and forming a broad oblong patch on each side the suture, extending from before the middle to the apex; body beneath and legs reddish-brown, the antennæ paler, with the tips of the joints more or less dark brown.
Length 2½ lines.
Sybra internata.
S. fusca, griseo-pubescens; prothorace majori, transverso, lateribus magis pubescentibus; elytris regione suturali, basi excepta, griseo-brunnea; antennis fuscescentibus, articulis basi pallidioribus.
Hab.—Bouru.
Dark brown, with a coarse greyish pubescence; head narrow, remotely punctured, eyes approximate on the vertex; prothorax subtranseverse, broad at the base, rather narrower anteriorly; scutellum transverse; elytra, in fresh specimens, probably closely covered with a dense coarse greyish pile, partly concealing the punctures, but showing striated lines at the base—in the abraded portions, the punctures are seen to be large and deeply impressed in somewhat irregular rows, especially at the base; body beneath and legs dark brown, thinly pubescent; antennæ reddish-brown, the apices of the joints more or less dark brown.
Length 2⅔ lines.
Sybra exigua.
S. lutea, subtiliter pubescens; prothorace subtransverso, concolori; elytris magis leviter punctatis, regione suturali, basi excepta, pallidiori; antennis testaceis, articulorum apicibus infuscatis.
Hab.—Batchian.
Luteous, with a thin greyish pubescence; head brownish, rather narrow, with a few coarse punctures in front and on the vertex; prothorax nearly equal in length and breadth, strongly but remotely punctured; elytra seriate-punctate, a pale greyish patch of denser pubescence extending from before the middle to the apex on each side the suture; body beneath, legs and antennæ testaceous, the latter with the bases of the joints paler.
Length 1⅔ lines.
Sybra egregia.
S. fusca, pube grisea tenuissima omnino tecta; prothoracis longitudine latitudinem superante; elytris apice paulo productis; antennis fusco-testaceis.
Hab.—Bouru.
Dark brown, nitid, with a very thin greyish pubescence; head narrow, the lower lobes of the eyes more approximating in front, and having a quadrate appearance, the interval with coarse greyish hairs; prothorax rather longer than broad, irregularly punctured; scutellum subtriangular; elytra subseriate-punctate, the pubescence extremely thin generally, but a little thicker at the apex; body beneath and legs dark brown; antennæ paler.
Length 2 lines.
* * * Prothorax basi multo latior.
Sybra modesta.
S. fusca, subtilissime pubescens; elytris basi seriatim modice punctatis, guttulis cinerascentibus fere obsoletis adspersis; antennis fuscis.
Hab.—Saylee.
Dark brown, with an extremely delicate greyish pile; head with strong punctures in front and between the eyes, none on the vertex; prothorax rather longer than broad; scutellum subtransverse; elytra subseriate-punctate, with several small blueish-white spots scattered over them, the apex of each obliquely truncate or broadly cuneate; body beneath and legs dark brown, nitid, the abdomen reddish; antennæ slender, dark brown, the basal half of the terminal joints paler. A variety (apparently), from Bouru, has a shorter prothorax.
Length 4½ lines.
Sybra patrua.
S. fusca, subtilissime pubescens; elytris basi irregulariter punctatis, punctis majoribus, guttulis albis adspersis; antennis testaceis.
Hab.—Amboyna.
Broader than S. modesta, the punctures at the base of the elytra larger and towards the scutellum irregularly scattered, the spots fewer and more distinct; the antennæ testaceous, with a thin greyish pile. It may be only a local variety.
Length 5 lines.
Sybra primaria.
S. fuscescens; capite et prothorace pube pallide griseo-ferruginea tectis et vage punctatis; scutello postice recto; elytris griseo-pubescentibus, lineis griseis notatis.
Hab.—Bouru, Ceram.
Brownish; the head and prothorax with a close pale greyish-ferruginous pile, and very small remote punctures; in the Ceram specimen (species?) the head is more strongly punctured; scutellum transverse, the posterior border nearly straight; elytra subseriate-punctate, with greyish lines in the intervals of the rows (in the Bouru specimen alternating with pale ferruginous lines); body beneath and legs brown, nitid, delicately pubescent; antennæ pale brown, greyer and more pubescent towards the tip.
Length 6 lines.
VOL. III. THIRD SERIES, PART II.—AUG. 1865. P
Sybra violata.
S. fuscescens; capite prothoraceque pube pallide griseo-ferruginea tectis et magis punctatis; scutello postice rotundato; elytris griseato sparse pubescentibus, maculis oblongis griseis.
Hab.—Waigiou.
Closely resembling S. primaria, but the facets of the eyes very decidedly larger, the head comparatively coarsely punctured; the prothorax with the punctures much more closely together; and the scutellum rounded posteriorly and less transverse.
Length 5¼ lines.
Sybra arator.
S. fuscus, pube pallide griseo-ferruginea; elytris medio subtiliter pubescentibus, postice pallide griseo-ferrugineis, apicem versus macula obliqua fusca.
Hab.—Singapore.
Possibly only a variety of S. incana, but it is decidedly a narrower form, judging from a single specimen, and the colour, instead of being uniformly either ashy-grey or brown according to the individual, is a greyish-ochre on the prothorax and posterior third of the elytra; the antennæ are also distinctly annulated with pale greyish at the base of the joints.
Length 5 lines.
Sybra incana.
Ropica incana, Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, v. 50.
S. fusca, pube canescenti vel griseo-brunnea omnino regulariter tecta; elytris apicem versus macula semilunari fusca, ad suturam interrupta, ornatis.
Hab.—Aru, Waigiou, Saylee, Sula.
Dark brown, with an equal ashy pubescence; head with coarse hairs in front; prothorax minutely punctured, the punctures nearly concealed by the pubescence; scutellum rounded behind; elytra finely seriate-punctate, a slightly curved brown patch near the apex, scarcely attaining the suture; body beneath and legs brown, nitid, with a fine greyish pile; tibiæ and tarsi with a paler derm; antennæ reddish-brown, with a thin greyish pile. The specimens from Waigiou and Saylee pale greyish-brown, nearly without the apical patch, and the scutellum very decidedly narrower.
Length 4—5 lines.
Sybra invia.
S. infuscata, griseo-pubescens et setulosa; elytris fortier et conferte seriatim punctatis, interstitiis griseo-pubescentibus, quasi lineatis; antennis testaceis.
Hab.—Batchian.
Brownish, nitid, the pubescence coarse yellowish-grey, mixed with erect setulose hairs; head and prothorax strongly punctured; scutellum transverse, glabrous; elytra coarsely subseriate-punctate, the pubescence having thereby a lineated appearance; body beneath pitchy, with a decumbent greyish pile; legs and antennæ covered with nearly erect delicate greyish hairs, the former brownish, the latter luteous, with the scape dilated in the middle.
Length 3¾ lines.
Sybra destituta.
S. fusca, subtiliter griseo-pubescens; vertice fortiter punctato; elytris basi prothorace paulo latioribus; antennis pedibusque dilutioribus, illis articulorum apicibus infuscatis.
Hab.—Dorey.
Resembles S. invia, but the punctuation finer, except on the head, and less crowded on the prothorax; the pubescence much more delicate and regular, without any admixture of erect hairs, and showing no traces of a lineated arrangement on the elytra; the scape is longer and less ventricose.
Length 4⅓ lines.
Sybra porcellus.
S. fusco-brunnea, griseo-pubescens; vertice fere impunctato; elytris basi prothorace multo latioribus; antennis testaceis, articulis apicem versus infuscatis.
Hab.—Ceram.
Reddish-brown, with a short, equal, greyish pubescence; head strongly punctured in front, the vertex impunctate; prothorax strongly but rather distantly punctured; scutellum with parallel sides, transverse, rounded behind; elytra much broader than the prothorax at the base, finely subseriate-punctate; body beneath and legs reddish-brown, the antennæ more luteous, all covered with a delicate greyish pile.
Length 4¼ lines.
P 2
Sybra strigina.
S. fusca, pube grisea tecta; elytris basi latioribus, singulis guttis tribus medianis, apice intus recto-curvatis.
Hab.—Bouru.
Dark brown, nitid, with a very short equal yellowish-grey pubescence; head rather closely punctured in front; prothorax also closely punctured, with a broad transverse impression near the posterior border; scutellum transversely scutiform, covered with yellow or almost golden hairs; elytra subseriate-punctate, the rows more remote at the base, a few small white very distinct spots on each; body beneath and legs brown, nitid, the abdomen, tibiæ and tarsi with a reddish hue, the antennæ dark luteous, all with a short close greyish pile.
Length 4½ lines.
Sybra nubila.
S. fusca, pube fulvo-griseata tecta; prothorace punctis pube fere obtectis; elytris subangustatis, basi medio apiceque fusco-nebulosis.
Hab.—Aru.
Dark brown, with a coarse interrupted yellowish-grey pile; head with a few coarse punctures in front and between the eyes, none on the vertex; prothorax with the punctures partially concealed by the long yellowish hairs; scutellum small, subtransverse; elytra rather narrow, finely subseriate-punctate, the pubescence interrupted by transverse glabrous patches, especially one at the base; body beneath and legs dark brown, nitid, with a thin greyish pile; antennæ luteous, also covered with a greyish pile.
Length 4 lines.
Sybra palliata.
S. fusco-brunnea; prothorace griseo-pubescenti, æqualiter punctato; elytris subangustatis, humeris apiceque griseo-pubescentibus, medio fuliginosis et griseo-tessellatis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Dark reddish-brown, with a short unequal pubescence; head with a yellowish-grey pile, the eyes black and nearly meeting on the vertex; prothorax strongly and equally punctured, the pubescence yellowish-grey; scutellum very short, transverse; elytra rather narrow, substriate-punctate, the shoulders and apex
covered with a yellowish-grey pubescence, in the middle of the latter a brownish patch, rest of the elytra, from the scutellum to the sides, smoky brown with the pubescence more scanty, and obscurely tessellated with grey; body beneath brown, with a yellowish silky pile; legs dark luteous, the intermediate tibiæ curved, tarsi paler; antennæ reddish-luteous, very minutely pubescent.
Length 2 lines.
Sybra ustulata.
S. fusca, tenuiter griseo-pubescens; prothorace vage punctato, unicolori; elytris postice magis pubescentibus, apicibus breviter cuneatis; antennis pedibusque fuscescentibus, illis apicibus articulorum subinfuscatis.
Hab.—Gilolo.
Dark brown, with a short sparse greyish pile; head with loose greyish hairs in front nearly concealing the punctures; prothorax nearly equal in length and breadth, sparingly punctured; scutellum subscutiform; elytra subseriate-punctate, the rows approximate, the punctures shallow but very large at the base, with slight intervals between them; body beneath and legs dark chesnut-brown, antennæ paler, inclining to reddish-brown, all very thinly pubescent.
Length 1⅔ lines.
Sybra erratica.
S. fusco-brunnea, pube interrupta ochraceo-grisea tecta; prothorace fere quadrato, lateribus medio leviter producto; elytris albo-plagiatis maculisque subglabris vage irroratis, apicibus subrotundatis.
Hab.—Menado.
Reddish-brown, subnitid, with an interrupted yellowish-grey pubescence; head with yellowish hairs varied with glabrous patches; prothorax nearly quadrate, slightly produced in the middle on each side, the disk strongly punctured; scutellum transverse; elytra subseriate-punctate, the rows distant and not impressed, covered with a short sparse pile, interrupted, especially along the suture, with glabrous or semiglabrous patches, and having also a few indistinct whitish spots; body beneath dark brown; legs and antennæ reddish-brown, the latter with the terminal joints pale greyish at the base.
Length 3 lines.
§ 2. Elytra apicibus anguste cuneatis.
Sybra collaris.
S. fusca, interrupte pubescens; prothorace antice griseato, postice fusco; elytris, basi excepta, lineis griseis obliquis, apicibus acute angulatis.
Hab.—Tondano.
Dark brown, with an interrupted pubescence; head rather narrow, covered with coarse yellowish-grey hairs, the eyes closely approximate above; prothorax oblong, sparingly punctured, the anterior half covered with a close yellowish-grey pile, posteriorly brown, less pubescent, with faint traces of stripes from the anterior portion; scutellum broadly triangular; elytra subseriate-punctate, with a yellowish pubescence in the middle, passing into well-marked lines at the base and posteriorly, the apex of each elytron narrowing into an acute angle, the sutural side being slightly incurved; body beneath, legs and antennæ dark brown, the abdomen paler, all clothed with a fine sparse greyish pile.
Length 4½ lines.
Sybra lineata.
S. fusca; prothorace obscure griseo-vario; elytris griseo-lineatis, apicibus abrupte acutis.
Hab.—Dorey, Batchian.
Dark brown, with a coarse greyish pubescence; head strongly punctured; prothorax nearly quadrate, sparingly punctured, with obscure longitudinal patches of brown; scutellum transverse, rounded at the sides, with a short terminal point; elytra subseriate-punctate, the pubescence thicker in the intervals of the rows and forming well-marked greyish lines throughout, interrupted, however, occasionally by indefinite brownish spots, the apex of each elytron suddenly produced into a short acute angle; body beneath and legs brown; antennæ luteous, all covered with a close regular greyish pile.
Length 5 lines.
Sybra mucronata.
S. omnino nigro-fusca, tenuiter griseo-pubescens; prothorace subtransverso, basi multo latiori; elytrorum apicibus singulis mucrone obtuso terminatis.
Hab.—Gilolo.
Entirely blackish-brown, with a very short sparse greyish pubescence; head sparingly punctured; prothorax subtransverse,
much broader and not contracted at the base, strongly and rather closely punctured; scutellum subtransverse, broadly rounded behind; elytra almost wholly seriate-punctate, the rows at the base oblique and gradually longer from the suture outwards, the apex of each elytron terminating in a strongly-marked somewhat cylindrical obtuse process or mucro; body beneath and legs very dark brown, finely pubescent; antennæ paler, with a reddish tint.
Length 5 lines.
Sybra pulverea.
S. fusca, tenuiter pubescens; prothorace fere subquadrato; elytris subelongatis, basi et sutura subferrugineis vel rufescentibus, postice guttis albis distinctis numerosis ornatis, apicibus acute angulatis.
Hab.—Dorey, Mysol.
Dark brown, with a thin greyish ferruginous pubescence (in one of the Mysol specimens pale reddish); head strongly and rather closely punctured; prothorax subquadrate, narrower and oblong in the male, irregularly punctured, the punctures at the sides more remote; scutellum subtransverse, broadly rounded behind; elytra subelongate, finely seriate-punctate, the base and suture greyish-ferruginous, the posterior half speckled with numerous white spots (very distinct in the Dorey but much less so in the Mysol examples), the apex of each elytron ending in a large acute angle; body beneath and legs brown, thinly pubescent; antennæ paler or rufescent, the bases of the joints from the fifth to the tenth more or less covered with a greyish pubescence.
Length 4½—5 lines.
Sybra irrorata.
S. infuscata, tenue ochraceo-griseo-pubescens; prothorace subtransverso, antice multo angustiori; elytris sub-latis, guttis albis sparse irroratis, apicibus abrupte acutis.
Hab.—Tondano.
Broader than S. pulverea, brownish, with a thin ochreous-grey pubescence; head sparingly punctured; prothorax subtransverse, much narrower anteriorly, the sides strongly rounded, the punctures small and moderately approximate; scutellum broadly subtriangular, with the sides rounded; elytra with a short thin pubescence, but closer and more decidedly grey in the middle, a few small whitish spots formed by a still denser pubescence, the apex of each elytron produced into a short acute angle; body
beneath and legs brown, nitid, with a very short close ashy- or leaden-grey pubescence; antennæ luteous-brown, clothed with a greyish pubescence.
Length 4 lines.
Sybra discreta.
S. elongata, nigro-fusca, sparse griseo-pubescens; elytris fere glabris, vitta obliqua numeran et piaga postica triangulari tenue griseo-pubescentibus; pedibus infuscatis, tibiis basi tarsisque rufescentibus.
Hab.—Saylee.
Elongate, blackish-brown, with a sparse greyish pubescence; head with a few coarse greyish hairs in front; prothorax nearly subquadrate, a little irregular at the side, somewhat closely punctured; scutellum rather narrow, rounded at the sides and posteriorly; elytra subseriate-punctate, the punctures at the base coarser and more approximate, the intervals raised and forming small granulations, an oblique patch or stripe at the shoulders, and another posteriorly, composed of a coarse greyish pile, the apex of each elytron slightly divaricate and ending in a strongly marked acute angle; body beneath and legs brownish, with a short greyish pile, the tibiæ at the base, tarsi and antennæ reddish.
Length 5 lines.
Sybra devota.
S. fusca, dense griseo-pubescens; prothorace fere æquato, disco vittis duabus fuscis; elytris macula basali alteraque obliqua posteriori et maculis minoribus intermediis fuscis; antennis pedibusque griseis, fusco-variis.
Hab.—Batchian.
Dark brown, closely pubescent; head strongly punctured, but behind the eyes impunctate; prothorax nearly equal in length and breadth, the sides rather irregularly rounded, and more contracted posteriorly, the disk with two black nearly approximate stripes; scutellum transverse; elytra subseriate-punctate, the intervals also with a few punctures, more or less decidedly marked with black patches, especially on each side the scutellum, as well as an oblique one posteriorly, almost meeting at the suture to form a V-shaped figure, anterior to the latter, (but not always present), a large whitish patch; body beneath dark testaceous, with a thin greyish pile; legs very pale greenish, with dark blotches; antennæ pale reddish, darker at the tips of the terminal joints.
Length 3½ lines.
Sybra purpurasens.
S. purpureo-fusca, inæqualiter pubescens; elytris minus depressis, postice maculis albis adspersis, præsertim una majore post medium; antennis tarsisque rufo-brunneis.
Hab.—Batchian.
Dark brown, with a purplish tinge, and a very unequal pubescence; head principally punctured between the eyes; prothorax oblong, well rounded at the sides, decidedly narrower anteriorly, somewhat closely punctured, mottled with dark brown and ashy; scutellum subtransverse; elytra less depressed posteriorly, the punctures irregular with scarcely any trace of rows, a large pure white rounded spot behind the middle, followed by less decided spots or patches on a darker ground, the anterior portion, like the prothorax, mottled with ashy and brown; body beneath and femora dark chesnut, with a greyish pile; tibiæ and tarsi paler or reddish-brown, varied with greyish and more or less clothed with longish hairs; antennæ also reddish-brown, but paler, the bases of the terminal joints greyish.
Length 4 lines.
Sybra rufula.
S. rufo-brunnea, tenuiter pubescens; elytris angustatis, postice brunneis, griseo-marginatis, medio et regione suturali pube griseo-maculatis.
Hab—Aru.
Reddish-brown, thinly pubescent; head mottled with a grey pubescence, aud rather sparsely punctured; prothorax very nearly quadrate, closely punctured, with a very short reddish pubescence; scutellum transverse, the sides nearly parallel; elytra narrow, subseriate-punctate, the punctures, except at the base, very small, the suture and middle with well-defined greyish spots, on the former alternating with dark reddish-brown, but in the middle more or less connected, posteriorly a clear dark reddish-brown patch, including the apex, and meeting at the suture, bordered at the sides and anteriorly with grey, and expanding at each anterior outer angle into a large well-marked darker spot; body beneath covered with a dense pale yellowish pile; legs and antennæ reddish-brown.
Length 2½ lines.
Sybra consputa.
S. rufo-infuscata, griseo-pubescens; prothorace utrinque macula una, elytrisque singulis maculis tribus albescentibus, ornatis.
Hab.—Morty.
Pale reddish-brown, nitid, with a mottled greyish pubescence; head covered with coarse greyish hairs; prothorax subtransverse, the front and rear margins of equal breadth, the punctures distinct and at regular, somewhat distant, intervals; scutellum well-rounded behind; elytra subseriate-punctate, much less marked in the middle, three small indistinct whitish spots on each, two in a line with a similar spot on each side of the prothorax, the third on the outer side of the anterior spot; body beneath and femora very dark brown; the tibiæ, tarsi and antennæ reddish-brown, all with a short greyish pile.
Length 2⅔ lines.
§ 3. Elytra apicibus rotundatis.
Sybra odiosa.
S. infuscata, pube sparsa grisea interrupta; prothorace quadrato, antice angustiori; elytris substriato-punctatis, griseo-variis; antennis pedibusque rufo-fuscis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Dark brown, paler on the elytra, with a sparse interrupted pubescence; head clothed with coarser hairs; prothorax quadrate, narrower at the apex, rounded at the sides, with coarse distant punctures; scutellum transverse; elytra narrow, substriate-punctate, the middle mottled with brown (abraded?); body beneath pitchy brown; legs and antennæ dark reddish-brown, with a sparse pile.
Length 1⅔ lines.
Sybra furtiva.
S. rufo-brunnea, tenuissime griseo-pubescens; prothorace transverso, basi apiceque æqualibus; antennis pedibusque rufescentibus.
Hab.—Batchian.
Reddish-brown, with a very thin pubescence; head and prothorax rather finely punctured, the latter transverse, the front and rear about equal in breadth; scutellum transverse; elytra narrow, substriate-punctate; body beneath dark reddish-brown; legs and antennæ pale reddish, with a short thin greyish pile.
Length 1⅔ lines.
The following species has longer tibiæ, and at the same time shorter tarsi, than any other in this genus, but it has otherwise no difference in habit.
Sybra refecta.
S. fuscescens, pube grisea tecta; prothorace robusto, transverso, antice postice æquali; scutello subtransverso, postice rotundato; elytris sparse fusco-maculatis, ante medium gutta alba instructis, apicibus oblique truncatis; antennis pedibusque testaceis, griseo-pubescentibus.
Hab.—Dorey.
Reddish-brown, with a tolerably equal greyish pile; head coarsely pubescent; eyes larger than usual, and more approximate on the vertex; prothorax robust, transverse, nearly equal in breadth in front and rear; scutellum subtransverse, rounded behind; elytra very distinctly striate-punctate, except at the base, sparingly spotted with brown, before the middle a small but well-marked white spot, the apex of each elytron obliquely truncate; body beneath and legs testaceous, with a regular greyish pile; antennæ testaceous, with a nearly uniform greyish pile.
Length 3½ lines.
MYNONOMA.
Characteres ut in Sybra, sed pedes, præsertim postici, multo longiores, et tarsi tibiis breviores.
A few of the species of Sybra have their tibiæ slightly longer than their tarsi, but then the legs are all equal or nearly equal in length; but in this genus there is a marked departure from that type, and indeed from the sub-family, the intermediate and particularly the posterior pair being very decidedly longer. The coloration and sculpture are, however, the same as in Sybra. The only representative at present of the genus has a certain resemblance to Eunidia nebulosa, Er., which has suggested the name.
Mynonoma eunidioides. (Pl. X. fig. 1.)
M. tenuiter griseo-pubescens; plaga laterali magna subtriangulari fusca medio elytrorum sita.
Hab.—Batchian, Tondano.
Dark brown, with a delicate greyish pubescence; head coarsely pubescent in front; eyes almost contiguous on the vertex; antennary tubers strongly developed; prothorax nearly equal in length and breadth, clouded with brown on the disk; scutellum broadly transverse; elytra seriate-punctate, the punctures irregularly distributed at the base, a large subtriangular patch of dark brown at the middle, more or less spotted on the suture and base,
or the spots nearly obsolete, the apex of each elytron truncate, the external angle drawn out into a rather long mucro; body beneath and legs brownish-testaceous, somewhat nitid, with a thin greyish pubescence, the femora clouded with brown, the tips of the tibiæ dark brown; antennæ longer than the body, greyish, slightly ringed with brown at the apices of the joints.
Length 4 lines.
PITHODIA.
Caput antice subquadratum, tuberibus antenniferis validis, divergentibus, basi vix approximatis. Oculi prominuli, modice emarginati, supra subapproximati. Antennæ corpore longiores, setaceæ, subglabræ, fimbriatæ; scapo oblongo-pyriformi; articulis tertio et quarto multo longioribus; cæteris gradatim brevioribus. Prothorax capite latior, fere quadratus. Elytra oblongo-ovata, subdepressa, apicibus apiculatis. Pedes breviusculi, postici longiores; mesotibiæ fortiter emarginatæ; tarsi angustati, tibiis breviores. Pro- et meso-sterna declivia.
A very distinct genus, allied in some of its characters to Sybra, but differing in habit, with longer legs and antennæ, and presenting another system of coloration, resembling in fact some species of Tmesisterninæ. It might be, perhaps, referrible to the Saperdinæ but for its strongly emarginate mesotibiæ.
Pithodia tessellata. (Pl. X. fig. 4.)
P. brunnea, maculis plurimis griseo-pubescentibus, interspatiis glabris.
Hab.—Macassar.
Reddish-brown, slightly nitid, varied with pubescent patches of grey, the intervals glabrous; head with a loose uniform ashy-grey pile; prothorax impunctate, the sides and a median stripe pubescent, grey; scutellum transverse; elytra strongly punctured at the base, the punctures becoming gradually smaller and ceasing at the middle, several large well-marked patches of closely-set pale-grey pubescence, arranged in four longitudinal rows on each elytron, the intervals glabrous and very minutely corrugated, the apices divaricate and terminating in a short stout mucro; body beneath with a thin greyish pile; legs pale testaceous-brown, thinly pubescent; antennæ brown, somewhat nitid, paler at the base, very slightly pubescent.
Length 4 lines.
BITYLE.
Caput antice quadratum, tuberibus antenniferis validis, basi approximatis. Oculi mediocres, modice emarginati. Antennæ corpore longiores, pubescentes, subfimbriatæ; scapo cylindrico; articulo tertio scapo fere æquali; quarto longiore; sequentibus multo brevioribus et gradatim decrescentibus. Prothorax capite paulo latior, subquadratus. Elytra angusta, apicibus angulatis, humeris haud prominulis, rotundatis. Pedes mediocres, postici paulo longiores; mesotibiæ fortiter emarginatæ; tarsi breves, trigonati. Pro- et meso-sterna declivia.
Though very distinct, this genus, like the last, is without any salient characters; but without being very obviously allied, its place, in the collection, appears to be after Pithodia.
Bityle bicolor. (Pl. X. fig. 5.)
B. atra, cinereo-pubescens; elytris fasciis tribus glabris atris.
Hab.—Menado.
Deep black, covered with an ashy pubescence, except three black bands on the elytra, and a median stripe on the prothorax; head with a few punctures on the vertex; prothorax sparsely punctured, gradually narrower towards the base, the sides nearly straight; scutellum triangular; elytra seriate-punctate, the base ashy, followed by a black band, then ashy with two or three black spots, at the middle another black band, and a third band towards the apex; body beneath pubescent, ashy, the middle of the abdomen glabrous; legs and antennæ covered with an ashy pile.
Length 4 lines.
Note.—M. J. Thomson has a genus Sydonia in his Systema Cerambycidarum, p. 45, which appears to be allied to Zorilispe (ante, p. 156), but the characters "prothorax later. sinuatus" and the elytra "postice dehiscentia" are not applicable to it. The species is thus described—
"Type: Sydonia apomecynoides, Thomson.
Long. 10 mill. Lat. 3 mill.
Brunnea, lanugine flava vestita; antennæ subpilosæ; elytra maculis aliquibus nigris irregularibus suturalibus post medium sitis ornata. Singapore."
DORCADIONINÆ
Only two species of this sub-family occur in the Wallacean Collection, both having a very close resemblance to the European genus Parmena. No doubt many more forms remain to be discovered, as the Asiatic and Australian members of this group are amongst the rarest of insects known, and whilst new species occasionally occur, it is rare indeed to see a second example of an older one. They are probably for the most part nocturnal insects like Parmena, lurking by day under stones or fallen trees, or in hollow stems of plants, rarely straying far from their hiding-places, in which their race, in some cases,* have probably existed from the time before the earth received its present form.
One of the peculiarities of this sub-family is the power which many species possess of making a creaking sound when seized or disturbed. This sound is produced by the movement of the prothorax on the mesothorax, which, at that part, appears to be perfectly smooth, but under the microscope is seen to be transversely striated. It seems to me that these sounds are naturally caused by the attempts of the insect to escape, and that it is not a power given as a means of protection to frighten its enemies.
The rounded or obsolete shoulders, always connected with the absence of wings, or at most the presence of very rudimentary ones, is the principal feature of this sub-family, which otherwise varies considerably. The typical form appears to be the genus Phantasis of M. J. Thomson, leading away on one side to Microtragus, Athemistus, Dorcadion, Parmena, &c., and on the other to Blax and Xylotoles through Deucalion, Dorcadida, Brimus, and Phrissoma. Hoplonotus, Auxa, Aconodes, and a few other, must stand for the present as more or less isolated forms.The
* Mr. Wollaston (Insecta Maderensia, pp. 430 et seq), in an interesting account of the discovery and habits of Deucalion desertarum, says, "When we consider indeed the apterous nature of Deucalion, its subconnat elytra, and its attachment (at any rate in the larva state) to the interior of the stems of particular local plants, or its retiring propensities within the crevices of rocks, we are at once struck with the conviction that, during the enormous interval of time which has elapsed since the mighty convulsions which rent asunder these regions terminated, it has probably never removed many yards from the weather-beaten ledges which it now inhabits." Another species, which Mr. Wollaston has referred to the same genus (D. oceanicus), was found on one of the Salvages, a mere cone of rock in the midst of the ocean, and must have existed there before the Atlantic islands became detached from the great continental land, of which they once formed part.
affinities of the Dorcadioninæ appear to be chiefly between the Apomecyninæ and the Lamiinæ: the genus Blax showing a tendency towards the Tmesisterninæ. Several species betray a striking resemblance to genera of the Curculionidæ inhabiting the same countries with themselves.
The geographical distribution of the Dorcadioninæ is somewhat peculiar, inasmuch as only one species (Taurorcus chabrillacii, Thoms.) has as yet been found in South America, except Chili, where Hoplonotus and Microcleptes appear to be common. Mexico and Texas have Moneilema and Echthistatus, and California has Ipochus. In Europe we have only two genera, Dorcadion and Parmena. Africa has some very remarkable forms, as, for example, Oriœthus, Opsies, Stenoparmena, Auxa, &c. (the last from Madagascar). From Asia we may expect many novelties; at present we may mention Dorcadida, Morimopsis, Plectrura and Aconodes.* Others in collections are not yet described.
There appear to be only two Australian genera—Microtragus and Athemistus,† but there is reason to believe that they are both numerous in species. New Zealand, so excessively poor in its specific forms of animal life, is comparatively well represented. Here, and peculiar to those islands, are Cerægidion, Hexatricha, Xylotoles, and Somatidia, all isolated forms so far as New Zealand is concerned, although the last is closely allied to the European Parmena. Islands, and probably also mountain masses of low elevation, appear to be particularly favourable to the existence of members of this group. Thus from Madeira and the Desertas we have Deucalion, from the Canaries Lepromoris‡; Lord Howe's Island gives us Blax, and New Caledonia Tricondylodes.
The species collected by Mr. Wallace form two
Genera.
Prothorax toothed on each side anteriorly | Dasyerrus, n. g. |
Prothorax unarmed | Bybe, n. g. |
* This genus is only known from one example (now in the British Museum). It was found in the Himalayas, near Darjeeling, I believe. There is another form from the Neilgherries. The hill-districts of India have doubtless many more.
† I believe, however, that my genus Mesolita will be eventually referred to this sub-family.
‡ Lepromoris, Pascoe, Journ. of Entom. ii. 278 = Leprosoma, Thomson, (non Baerensprung) = "Brullea, Bld." (sec. Chevrolat), "Brullaria" in the collection of the Jardin des Plantes, according to Mr. Wollaston. Neither of these two latter names has been published so far as I can ascertain.
DASYERRUS
Caput antice latum, tuberibus antenniferis validis, distantibus. Oculi parvi, profunde emarginati. Anfennæ corpore breviores; scapo breviusculo, subcylindrico; articulo terio longiore; cæteris sensim brevioribus. Prothorax subquadratus, lateribus antice dentatus. Elytra ovata. Pedes robusti; femoro medio incrassata; tibiæ intermediæ integræ; tarsi æquales. Pro- et meso-sterna elevata.
The type of this genus is very much like a large unicolorous specimen of Parmena Solieri. The genus is, however, sufficiently distinct from Parmena* on account of its prothorax, sterna and intermediate tibiæ. The anterior acetabula are broadly angulated externally.
Dasyerrus pilosus. (Pl. X. fig. 8.)
D. fuscus, dense griseo-pubescens, pilis numerosis elongatis dispersis.
Hab.—Flores, Timor.
Dark brown, covered with a dense greyish pile, slightly mottled with fulvous, and having numerous slender hairs scattered over the upper surface, legs, and antennæ; head narrower than the prothorax, thinly punctured in front; prothorax coarsely punctured, nearly quadrate in the Flores specimen (♂), more transverse in the Timor one, which is apparently a female; scutellum semicircular; elytra oblong, rather wider than the prothorax, coarsely punctured, slightly rounded at the sides, the shoulders nearly obsolete, the apex rounded; body beneath and legs dark brown, sparingly pubescent, the tarsi ashy; antennæ scarcely so long as the body in the male, much shorter in the female.
Length 4½ (♂)—5½ (♀) lines.
* This genus is generally attributed to Latreille (Règ. An. v. 125). He, however, does little more than quote the name, which was a catalogue name of Megerle's, mentions no species, and so far attempts to suppress it, that he asserts that such very different species as "tristis, lugubris, funesta" (now forming the genus Morimus) "offer the same characters"!!! The first description is really due to Serville, in Ann. Soc. Ent. de France, iv. 98 (1835). The type P. pilosa (Dej.), Serv., had its name, I venture to think, most unnecessarily changed by M. Mulsant, because there is a Pogonocherus called "pilosus." It so happened, however, that two years before Serville published his description, Brullé had described another species under the same name. This, therefore, retains the name, while Serville's pilosa must be replaced by Mulsant's "Solieri."
BYBE.
Characteres ut in Parmena, sed prothorax subquadratus, lateribus muticis et leviter rotundatis, et elytra breviter ovata, medio valde convexa.
The prothorax in Parmena, although somewhat variable, always shows traces of the lateral tooth; the elytra, however, never rise beyond the line of the prothorax, and are always elongate-ovate. The curious little insect forming the type of Bybe is somewhat intermediate in appearance between Parmena and Microcleptes.
Bybe parmenoides. (Pl. X. fig. 7.)
B. fusca, vix pubescens, nigro-setosa; femoribus basi et tarsis rufo-castaneis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Dark reddish-brown, almost without pubescence, but with scattered black setose hairs; head transverse in front, finely punctured; lip short, pale rufous; prothorax closely and coarsely punctured, scarcely broader than the head, the posterior border narrower than the anterior; scutellum extremely minute, acutely triangular; elytra about three-fifths the total length of the body, covered with very large approximate punctures, strongly rounded at the sides, broadest at about the middle, then tapering rapidly to the apex, which is rounded, the shoulders nearly obsolete; body beneath and legs chesnut-brown, with the bases of the femora and the tarsi reddish-chesnut; antennæ about as long as the body, the third and fourth joints of equal length and about twice as long as any of the following joints.
Length 2 lines.
The following genus is of somewhat doubtful affinity; I insert it provisionally at the end of the Dorcadioninæ:—
TRACHYSTOLA.
Trachystola, Pascoe, Journ. of Entom. i. 350.
Caput mediocre, subrotundatum, fronte convexum; tuberibus antenniferis validis, breviusculis, remotis. Oculi late emarginati, vertice subapproximati. Labrum breve. Antennæ corpore breviores, haud fimbriatæ; scapo elongato, apicem versus sensim incrassato, obsolete cicatricoso; articulo tertio longiore; cæteris gradatim decrescentibus. Prothorax subtransversus, apice angustior, utrinque medio spinosus. Ely-
VOL. III. THIRD SERIES, PART III.—SEPT. 1866. Q
tra oblong, aspera, prothorace multo latiora, dorso subplanata, lateribus subparallela, basi in medio paulo producta vel lobata, humeris angulatis, apice rotundata, Pedes subgraciles, intermedii breviores; acetabula antica angualata; femora vix increassata; tarsi subattenuati, articulo ultimo elongato. Prosternum haud elevatum. Mesosternum dentatum.
M. J. Thomson places this genus in his "groupe Mesositæ,," between Aderpas and Anamera,* (the latter, I conceive, belonging to the Lamiinæ); the habit, however, the peculiar sculpture of the elytra, and particularly the lobed base, together with the short dense squamosity, so characteristic of the Dorcadioninœ, seem to me rather to suggest the latter sub-family, notwithstanding its humeral angles, and the possession of wings. There is an undescribed genus in the British Museum from North china, which might, at first sight, be taken for a Trachystola, but which is also so suggestive of Phantasis (an African form of Dorcadioninæ), that Mr. White has placed it in immediate connexion that genus. Admitting the difficulty of locating Trachystola for the present, I have little doubt its true place will be with the Dorcadioninæ. M. Thomson's species (T. scabripennis) is from Java, and may possibly be distinct, at least a specimen from the same country in the British Museum, if identical with M. Thomson's type, is sufficiently characteristic to be so considered.
Trachystola granulosa.
Pascoe, Journ. of Entom. i. 351.
T. nigra, pube vel squamositate fusco-ferruginea vel fusca induta; elytris seriato-granulatis, seriebus duabus regione scutellari abbreviatis.
Hab.—Sarawak, Penang.
Black, opake, everywhere densely covered with a short brownish squamosity; head rounded in front and at the cheeks, and neither punctured nor sulcated; prothorax transversely grooved anteriorly, with five flattish tubercles on the disk, arranged 2, 1, and 2 (the middle one sometimes obsolete), stoutly spined at the side; scutellum transversely subcordate; each elytron with nine rows of black shining granules, the inner row remote from the suture, its granules oblong or linear, a few (6—8) granules on each side of the scutellum, arranged in two rows, the second row from the suture extending to half the length of the elytra, space between the suture and the inner row with two irregular lines of
* Syst. Ceramb. p. 63.
impressed punctures; nearly all the granules with an impressed puncture behind.
Length 10—11 lines.
HYPSELOMIÆ.
The genus which gives its name to this sub-family is exclusively confined to South America, and was generally supposed to be synonymous with Hypsioma, Serv., until the difference was pointed out by Messrs. Thomson and Bates. Hypselomus, Perty, is, however, a somewhat aberrant genus, and it would therefore have perhaps been better to have called the group Hypsiominæ, were it not that M. Thomson has a "division" Hypsiomitæ limited exclusively to the South American species. Mr. Bates places these genera with Oncideres.
The principal character of this subfamily is the approximate and almost contiguous position of the antennæ at their base, a character which, except in Hippopsinæ, is only occasionally met with among the Lamiidæ. To this is generally added a long, stout, more or less cylindrical scape, a trigonate form of elytra, which are crested or otherwise raised at the base, legs of moderate length with thickened or clavate femora, and tarsi invariably of equal length or nearly so. Except in the South American genera, the mesosternum is almost without exception elevated and produced, or toothed. Among the Asiatic and Australian forms only four genera have the prothorax unarmed.
None of the species of this sub-family are found in Europe, and Acridocephalus, Chev., is the only African genus known to me that can be referred, and that not altogether definitely, to it. All the Asiatic* and one Australian genus are represented in the collection, which contains nineteen genera† and thirty-seven species. Of the Australian genera, Zygocera, Callipyrga, Demonassa, and Meton, are among the most prominent; the last, alluded to above, has a species from Asia.
* There is a form, however, from Northern India, described by M. Thomson (Arch. Ent. i. 294), under the name of Monochamus subgemmatus, which appears to me to belong to this sub-family, and to be very nearly allied to Pharsalia, and with difficulty distinguishable from it by any definite technical characters. The antennæ of the males are shorter and less setaceous, the scape stouter, and the femora narrower; the mesosternum is also prominently toothed anteriorly. In my collection it has long stood under the generic name of Cycos. (See Proc. Zool. Soc. 1866, p. 244.)
† Exclusive of Lælida (post, p. 257), which probably belongs to this sub-family, though its true position is at present doubtful.
Q 2
Genera.
Prothorax unarmed. | |
Mesosternum elevated. | |
3rd ant. joint bulbous at the apex | Iphiothe, n. g. |
3rd ant. joint simple. | |
Elytra lobed at the shoulders | Achthophora, Newm. |
Elytra not lobed | Agnia, Newm. |
Mesosternum declivous | Euthyastus, n. g. |
Prothorax toothed or spined at the sides. | |
Scape rounded and entire at the apex. | |
Eyes coarsely granulated | Psaumis, n. g. |
Eyes finely granulated. | |
Head quadrate anteriorly. | |
Prothoracic spine directed backwards | Othelais, n. g. |
Prothoracic spine short, straight | Otroea, n. g. |
Head transverse anteriorly | Nicippe, Thoms. |
Scape cicatricose at the apex. | |
Antennary tubers produced internally, or cornuted. | |
Antennæ setaceous in both sexes | Pharsalia, Thoms. |
Antennæ more or less nodose according to the sex | Triammatus, Chev. |
Antennary tubers not cornuted. | |
Elytra produced at the shoulders. | |
Femora thickened in the middle | Peribasis, Thoms. |
Femora narrow, or nearly linear | Otarionomus, Thoms. |
Elytra not produced at the shoulders. | |
Prothoracic spine more or less basal. | |
3rd antennal joint longer than the scape. | |
Prothoracic spine nearly obsolete | Xoes, n. g. |
Prothoracic spine strongly developed | Cereopsius, Pasc. |
3rd antennal joint shorter than the scape | Diallus, n. g. |
Prothoracic spine more or less median. | |
Mesosternum produced. | |
Eyes coarsely granulated | Amesisa, n. g. |
Eyes finely granulated. | |
Scape as long as the 3rd joint | Etymestia, n. g. |
Scape much shorter than the 3rd joint | Combe, Thoms. |
Mesosternum declivous | Meton, Pasc. |
ACHTHOPHORA.
Achthophora, Newman, The Entom. i. 292.
Stegenus, Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 104.
Caput antice supra angustius; tuberibus antenniferis validis, erectis, contiguis, apice intus productis. Oculi parvi, ore remoti. Antennæ corpore vix longiores, articulis (ultimo excepto) cylindricis, quatuor basalibus aliquando hirsutis; scapo mediocre; articulis tertio et quarto longioribus; cæteris brevioribus et gradatim decrescentibus, ultimo subulato, curvato. Prothorax cylindricus, utrinque dente minuto instructus, capite haud latior. Elytra subdepressa, apicem versus sensim angustiora, humeris supra producto-lobatis. Pedes breviusculi, intermedii minores; tarsi æquales. Prosternum elevatum. Mesosternum productum.
When I proposed Stegenus I stated that it differed from Achthophora chiefly in its antennæ, the first four joints being clothed with stiff hairs instead of only the apex of the fourth. In other respects it agrees so closely with Achthophora, that after a renewed comparison, I think it is desirable to unite them. Achthophora alma has the prothoracic spine tolerably well developed; it is smaller in A. tristis, the type, and least of all in A. dactylon, in which it is scarcely noticeable. Mr. Newman considers that A. alma may be only a variety of A. tristis, but the typical specimens, which are the only ones I am acquainted with, do not in my opinion justify such a conclusion. A. dactylon, which is apparently rare in Borneo, seems to be a common species in Penang. The other two are from Manilla. My original specimen was entirely of a dark brown, except the apex of each elytron, which had a peculiar finger-shaped patch of buff, but all those from Penang have numerous small very clear spots of yellow on the elytra, and some indications of paler or more greyish spots elsewhere, particularly on the prothorax.
Achthophora dactylon.
Stegenus dactylon, Pascoe, loc. cit. pl. xxii. fig. 6.
A. fusca, fere glabra; elytris maculis minutis pubescentibus dispersis; antennis articulis quatuor basalibus hirsutis, cæteris pallide ferrugineis, pube lutea tectis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Dark brown, nearly glabrous, with yellowish pubescent spots;
head finely punctured, a pale luteous oblique stripe beneath the eye; prothorax minutely granulate, with three or four transverse but more or less marked sulcations; scutellum triangular; elytra coarsely punctured, with three raised lines, the intervals with two rows of brown punctures, spotted with yellowish, a large irregular patch at the apex; body beneath and legs dark chesnut-brown, shining, with patches of greyish pile; antennæ dark brown, the first four joints covered with numerous erect stiff dark-brown hairs, more appressed and curved on the scape, the remainder pale ferruginous, covered with a luteous pubescence.
Length 7½ lines.
PERIBASIS.
Peribasis, J. Thomson, Syst. Ceramb. p. 86.
Caput mediocre, supra angustius; tuberibus antenniferis validissimis, paulo divergentibus, basi contiguis. Oculi mediocres, ore distantes. Antennæ (♂) corpore plus duplo longiores, haud fimbriatæ; scapo gradatim incrassato, apice valde cicatricoso; articulo tertio multo longiore, 4to et 5to sensim brevioribus, cæteris (ultimo excepto) brevioribus et æqualibus; ultimo præcedente multo longiore; (♀) corpore vix longiores, articulis a tertio gradatim brevioribus. Prothorax sub-transversus, (♂) apice paulo angustior, utrinque in medio fortiter spinosus. Elytra sub-trigonata, humeris producto-lobatis, apicibus rotundatis. Pedes mediocres, in utroque sexu sub-æquales; tarsi antici in maribus paulo latiori. Prosternum sub-elevatum. Mesosternum productum.
A very natural genus, distinguished from Pharsalia by its antennæ, and their diverging tubers not produced internally, and from Cereopsius by the form of the prothorax, the lobed shoulders &c. Monohammus larvatus, White (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1858, p. 406) also belongs to this genus. P. pubicollis appears to be common at Penang.
Peribasis aspersa.
Monohammus aspersus, Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 48.
P. fusca, vel rufo-fusca, glabra, prothorace vittis duabus, elytrisque maculis numerosis, pubescentibus, fulvis et læte croceis; antennis articulis 3°—6° basi pallidis, vel carneis.
Hab.—Singapore.
Dark chesnut-brown, with yellow pubescent spots and stripes, otherwise nearly glabrous; head remotely punctured, an oblique stripe in front of each eye, another beneath, and a third on the vertex at the base of each tuber; prothorax covered with minute granules and nearly glabrous, except a well-marked yellow stripe on each side; scutellum broadly triangular, with a yellow stripe in the middle; elytra irregularly punctured, covered with very distinct bright saffron-yellow spots; body beneath and legs reddish-brown, with a very thin greyish pubescence; lip, palpi, and tarsi reddish-ferruginous, shining; antennæ chesnut-brown, with the third to the sixth joints inclusive paler, or flesh-coloured, at the base.
Length 10 lines.
Peribasis pubicollis.
P. nigra, pube brevi grisea induta; elytris chalybeatis, maculis numerosis fulvis; antennis (♂) articulis quarto basi et quinto (apice excepto) cinereis, (♀) articulo quinto (aliquando etiam sexto) cinereo.
Hab.—Singapore, Sarawak.
Black, the elytra dark steel-blue spotted with fulvous, covered with a short scattered pubescence, more plentiful, however, on the prothorax; head finely punctured, an ochreous stripe before the eye and another behind it, the vertex with a single somewhat heart-shaped spot; prothorax minutely granulated, the pubescence coarse and irregular, of an ochreous-grey colour; scutellum sub-transverse, rounded behind; elytra irregularly punctured, shining; body beneath black, shining, with an interrupted fulvous pubescence; legs black, shining, with an ashy pubescence; antennæ black, the fourth joint in the males at the base, and the fifth entirely, except at the apex, ashy; in the female the fifth, and sometimes the sixth, are ashy.
Length 10 lines.
TRIAMMATUS.
Triammatus, Chevrolat, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1857, p. 105.
Caput antice supra angustius, vertice elongatum, fronte projectum; tuberibus antenniferis validis, brevibus, contiguis, intus productis (vel cornutis). Oculi mediocres, ore remoti. Antennæ (♂) elongatæ; scapo crasso, sub-cylindrico, apice valde cicatricoso; articulo tertio longiore, apice nodoso; quarto et
quinto brevioribus, illo ad apicem, hoe in medio, nodosis; cæteris cylindricis, quinto æqualibus vel paulo longioribus, sed ultimo præcedente longiore; (♀) corpori vix æquales, articulo quarto solo nodoso. Prothorax fere æquatus (♀ sub-transversus),- basi bi-sinuatus, utrinque in medio spinosus. Elytra paulo depressa, lateribus apicem versus sensim angustioribus, postice rotundata, humeris normalibus. Pedes elongati, præsertim antici; femora robusta, fusiformia; tibiæ anticæ (♂) elongatæ, intus dente valido armatæ, (♂). modice elongatæ, muticæ; tarsi antici dilatati (♀). Prosternum sub-elevatum. Mesosternum productum.
These characters are drawn up from the three species collected by Mr. Wallace. A nearly allied genus from Penang (Omocyrius) differs in the oblong prothorax, the altered proportions of the joints of the antennæ, and the fourth and fifth being thickened throughout in both sexes, the third also in the female is nodose at the apex: in addition it has the shoulders produced as in Otarionomus and Achthophora. So far as the individuals I have seen can be relied on, the males of T. Saundersii and T. tristis are smaller than the females, but this is reversed in T. Chevrolati All the species have numerous glossy-black granulations of varying size on the basal part of their elytra, as well as a broad white band on the cheeks, sides of the prothorax, and sterna. A female specimen from Batchian, which I cannot refer to any of the above, although it approaches T. tristis, has the scutellum equilaterally triangular, not broadly truncate, or broadly rounded, as in the other species.
Triammatus Saundersii.
Chevrolat, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1857, p. 106, pl. vi. fig. 3.
T. cinereus, pubescens; elytris nigro alboque maculatis, maculis plus minusve confluentibus; antennis (♂) cinereis, nodis articulisque sexto et sequentibus nigris; (♀) cinereis, articulo quarto (basi excepta) nigro.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Covered with a pale ashy pubescence, the elytra with small, more or less confluent, spots of black and white; head with a well marked mesial groove, scarcely punctured except on the vertex, a broad pure white line beginning in a small point at the base of the eye, and continued along the sides to the posterior margin of the metasternum; prothorax finely corrugated, the
lateral spine slender towards the apex; scutellum subtransverse, truncate posteriorly; elytra thinly punctured, the spots forming an intricate and variable pattern, the black showing a tendency to form larger patches, two pale lines on each side the scutellum, the inner the shorter; body beneath and legs ashy, the abdomen with a row of whitish spots on each side; antennæ of the male ashy at the base, the dilated portions and rest of the antennæ blackish; in the female the antennæ are entirely ashy, except the dilated portion of the fourth joint.
Length 13 (♂)—16 (♀) lines.
Triammatus Chevrolati.
Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 47.
T. cinereo-griseus, pubescens; elytris nigro-maculatis, singulis plagis duabus lateralibus nigris, inter eas ad marginem externum albis; antennis (♂) nigrescentibus, (♀) læte griseis, nodo et articulorum a quinto apicibus nigris.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Covered with a thin ashy-greyish pubescence in the male, more ochraceous in the female, the elytra spotted with blackish or very dark brown; head nearly impunctate, with a narrow mesial groove, very deep between the tubers, lateral stripe beneath the eye, &c., as in the last, three obscure blackish stripes on the vertex; prothorax slightly corrugated, the spine slender from the base, on the female there are from three to five darkish stripes; scutellum broadly rounded behind; elytra apparently impunctate, except in the middle, the basal granulations frequently oblong and extending to beyond the middle, two large blackish patches on each elytron, between them, towards the outer margin, a white patch, posteriorly smaller spots or patches; body beneath and legs with an ashy pubescence; antennæ (♂) nearly entirely blackish, (♀) clear greyish-ochraceous, the thickened portion of the fourth joint, and the remainder at their tips, black.
Length 13 (♂)—10-11 (♀) lines.
Triammatus tristis.
Pascoe, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3, v. 121.
T. (♂) niger, subnitidus, subtiliter cinereo-pubescens; elytris singulis plagis duabus lateralibus nigris; antennis totis nigris; (♀) griseo-fuscus, elytris fusco-plagiatis et maculatis; an-
tennis infuscatis, basi griseis, articulis tertio et quarto apicibus nigris.
Hab.—Batchian.
Glossy black, covered with a short ashy pubescence, giving the upper surface a dull leaden hue, in the female greyish-brown, with a closer pubescence; head with scattered shallowly-impressed punctures, the mesial groove, except between the tubers, very narrow, lateral line beneath the eye, &c., as in the preceding; prothorax not corrugated, the lateral spine stout, anterior edge with a row of white hairs; scutellum broadly rounded behind; elytra rather finely punctured, with two black opake patches on each; in the female the elytra are greyish-brown, with paler or whitish stripes in the middle, and two large blotches and several smaller ones on each; body beneath ashy, greyish in the female, on a reddish derm; legs and antennæ blackish, a thin ashy pubescence on the former; in the female the tarsi are darker, the antennæ greyish, darker towards the end, the apex of the third and thickening on the fourth joint black.
Length (♂) 12—(♀) 13 lines.
OTARIONOMUS.
Hotarionomus, J. Thomson, Arch. Entom. i. 78; id. Essai, &c. p. 103.
Caput infra oculos dilatatum, vertice elongatum, fronte haud projectum; tuberibus antenniferis validis, paulo divergentibus, intus haud cornutis. Oculi mediocres, ore remoti, modice emarginati. Antennæ corpore paulo longiores (♂ et ♀), haud fimbriatæ; scapo breviusculo, apicem versus crassiore, cicatricoso; articulo tertio longiore; 4to et 5to sensim brevioribus; cæteris multo brevioribus et gradatim paulo decrescentibus; ultimo, in utroque sexu, vix præcedente longiore. Prothorax transversus, dorso ante medium depressus, lateraliter dente mediano armatus. Elytra elongata, convexa, lateribus leviter rotundata, humeris projectis vel lobatis. Pedes elongati, præsertim antici in maribus; femora angustata, antica linearia; tarsi æquales. Prosternum inerme. Mesosternum antice projectum.
The sole representative of this genus was originally described by me as a "Monohammus," although at the time I ventured to suggest a doubt of its really belonging to that group. Monohammus, or rather Monochamus, was, and is at this moment, a mere name, under which
many very distinct forms have been conveniently but unnaturally placed. M. James Thomson has since proposed new genera for a few of these, and further on I shall have many more to describe. Such genera may be, and often are, very difficult to limit, but they exist as categories of species, and when not solely founded on technical characters, they are an advantage to the real student. Of course to those who would fain pursue "the royal road" they are simply a bore. Otarionomus is a very distinct genus, and, as its author has pointed out, is very nearly related to Triammatus, and this is still more evident since the discovery of Omocyrius. There are certain discrepancies both between M. Thomson's descriptions and my own original one and that here given; my original specimen, however, has a very different look from one of the magnificent insects now before me, and from which I have drawn up the present article.
Otarionomus blattoides. (Pl. XI. fig. 4.)
Monohammus blattoides, Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 48.
O. niger, nitidus, vittis maculisque ochraceo- et albo-pubescentibus ornatus; antennis cinereo-annulatis; pedibus pube cinerea tectis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Dark brown or black, sub-glabrous, shining, with ochraceous-yellow and white pubescent spots and stripes, the intervals with scattered whitish hairs; head irregularly punctured, two ochraceous stripes on the vertex, another behind each eye, and a band in front passing beneath them and across the cheeks, the latter bordered with white; prothorax more transverse in the female, with ochraceous stripes on the disk and sides corresponding to those on the head and cheeks; scutellum triangular, with a pale ashy pile; elytra finely punctured in oblique irregular rows, and covered with numerous spots of ochraceous, intermixed with smaller spots of white, the apex rounded but slightly produced at the suture; body beneath varied with a dull ochraceous and greyish pubescence; legs covered with a delicate ashy pile; antennæ black; the joints from the third to the eighth inclusive ashy, except at their tips.
Length 14—17 lines.
AMESISA.
Caput parvum, antice sub-quadratum, tuberibus antenniferis validissimis, fere erectis et contiguis. Oculi grosse granulati,
magni, ore approximati. Antennæ elongatæ, setaceæ; scapo mediocre, sub-curvato, basi angustiore; articulo tertio longiore; quarto tertio breviore; cæteris ad septimum gradatim longioribus; reliquis, ultimo excepto, multo brevioribus. Prothorax quadratus, lateribus in medio breviter dentatis, dorso sub-integro. Elytra elongata, sub-depressa, apicem versus sensim angustiora, apice truncato-spinosa. Pedes breviusculi; tarsi sub-æquales, antici latiores. Prosternum paulo elevatum. Mesosternum sub-productum, medio carinulatum. Corpus angustatum.
Distinguished from Cereopsius by the form of the prothorax, the direction of the antennary tubers and the different proportions of the joints of the antennæ.
Amesisa consularis. (Pl. XI. fig. 2.)
A. ferruginea, pube varia tecta; elytris albo-nebulosis.
Hab.—Singapore.
Ferruginous, pubescence varied in colour and texture; head and prothorax light cinnamon-brown, the former with the face and two divergent stripes on the vertex pale miniaceous, three stripes on the latter, one on each side and a small intermediate one at the base, and the scutellum also miniaceous; on the disk of the prothorax about twenty black shining granules; elytra sub-lineato-punctate, the punctures gradually disappearing posteriorly, pale-brown, clouded or in part spotted with white, a semicircular mark round the scutellum and the apex dark brown; body beneath and femora at the base greyish, rest of the legs and antennæ greyish-cinnamon.
Length 9 lines.
ETYMESTIA.
Caput magnum, antice quadratum; tuberibus antenniferis validissimis, basi approximatis. Oculi mediocres, tenue granulati, ore distantes. Antennæ corpore longiores; scapo elongato, apicem versus incrassato et cicatricoso; articulo tertio vix longiore; cæteris gradatim brevioribus. Prothorax subtransversus, antice posticeque constrictus, et transversim sulcatus, lateribus medio fortiter spinosis. Elytra sub-trigonata, humeris rotundato-producta, apice truncato-spinosa. Pedes breviusculi; tarsi æquales, vix dilatati. Prosternum elevatum, longitudinaliter sulcatum. Mesosternum antice valide productum.
The type of this genus was referred by Mr. White to Cereopsius, but the large head and smaller eyes, together with the form of the prothorax, strongly constricted at the apex and base, and the nearly central position of the spine, are at variance with the characters laid down for that genus. The figure of this handsome insect given by Mr. White does it very scant justice.
Etymestia Helena.
Cereopsius Helena, White, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1858, p. 412, pl. liii. fig. 7.
E. rufo-castanea, pube brunneo-ochracea tecta; elytris singulis plagis duabus magnis pallide ochraceis et atro-circumdatis ornatis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Reddish-chesnut, covered with a clear brownish-ochraceous pubescence, each of the elytra with two large very pure pale-buffish spots, surrounded with a deep black border, very decided at its junction with the spots, but less definite externally; head almost impunctate, very deeply cleft between the tubers; prothorax with a few scattered punctures, deeply impressed with an irregular transverse line before the spine and another behind it, the centre of the disk irregularly corrugated; scutellum broadly triangular, its apex slightly rounded; elytra with a few large punctures at the base, the black portion of the basal spot enveloping the shoulder and nearly extending to the suture; body beneath dark chesnut, shining, pubescent at the sides; legs paler, passing into luteous at the tarsi; antennæ brown, thinly pubescent.
Length 12 lines.
CEREOPSIUS.
Cereopsius, Pascoe, Journ. of Entom. i. 344.
Caput parvum, antice quadratum; tuberibus antenniferis validissimis, divergentibus, basi approximatis. Oculi magni, sæpissime tenue granulati, ore haud distantes. Antennæ corpore longiores, haud fimbriatæ; scapo elongato, apicem versus crassiore, valde cicatricoso; articulo tertio vix vel paulo longiore; cæteris gradatim decrescentibus; ultimo (♂) aliquando elongato. Prothorax transversus, mediocris, antice angustior, lateraliter sensim latior, in spinam validam pone medium productus, postice constrictus, dorso inter spinas transversim curvato-carinatus vel elevatus. Elytra convexa,
sub-trigonata, humeris haud producta, apice truncato-spinosa. Pedes breviusculi; femora medio crassiora; tarsi æquales, haud dilatati. Prosternum latum, elevatum, longitudinaliter sulcatum. Mesosternum productum.
By the removal of Othelais and Etymestia this genus is now intelligibly limited, although one of its species (C. marmoreus), from its shorter legs and more elongate form, is somewhat aberrant. One of the unpublished species, C. Saga (Dej.), has, however, the elytra rounded at the apex.
Cereopsius exoletus.
Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 105.
C. niger; prothorace utrinque macula alba (vel sulphurea); elytris lateribus albescentibus, singulis maculis duabus (vel tribus) albis (vel sulphureis).
Hab.—Sarawak.
Black; space round the eye, sides of the prothorax, a long stripe on each elytron, and body beneath, covered with a whitish pubescence, a large spot on each side of the prothorax anteriorly, and two spots on the stripe of the elytron (the foremost sometimes divided) pure white, or, sometimes, sulphur yellow; elytra sparingly punctured, the central portion of the disk nearly impunctate; legs with a fine whitish pubescence; antennæ sometimes nearly twice as long as the body, the first two joints black, the remainder chocolate-brown, but darker towards the tip.
Length 10 lines.
Cereopsius luctuosus.
C. aterrimus; elytris fasciis duabus niveis, ad suturam interruptis, ornatis; corpore infra nigro.
Hab.—Ceram, Goram.
Deep black, with two broad snowy-white bands on the elytra; head minutely and sparsely pubescent, with a raised vertical line in front; prothorax sparingly punctured, entirely black; scutellum rounded posteriorly; elytra remotely and irregularly punctured, the black portions covered with short squamiform hairs, the white bands with long normal hairs, the first band midway between the base and middle, the second band nearer the middle than to the apex, both slightly interrupted at the suture; body beneath black, the abdominal segments fringed with white hairs; antennæ and
legs black; femora with a delicate ashy pubescence, tibiæ with black hairs at their tips.
Length 11 lines.
Cereopsius tricinctus.
C. aterrimus; prothorace fascia antica albescente; elytris fasciis duabus, secunda sola interrupta, niveis; corpore infra cinereo-pubescente.
Hab.—Batchian.
Deep black, with a whitish band on the prothorax and two broad snowy-white bands on the elytra; head covered with a greyish pubescence and having a raised vertical line in front; prothorax apparently impunctate, the anterior portion covered, except at the apex, with coarse whitish hairs, forming a broad well-defined band; scutellum triangular, slightly rounded behind; elytra as in the last, but with rather narrower bands and the second one only not extending across the suture; body beneath and legs with an ashy pubescence; antennæ black.
Length 9 lines.
This and the last are the only white-banded species in the genus, and this is at once distinguished by the presence of an additional band on the prothorax; the lateral spine also is placed a little more behind the middle.
Cereopsius sex-notatus.
J. Thomson, Syst. Ceramb. p. 556.
C. sub-attenuatus, niger, pube brunnescente tectus; elytris singulis maculis quatuor albis ornatis; antennis rufescentibus.
Hab.—Singapore.
Black, covered above with a greyish-brown pile, with four small round snowy-white spots on each elytron; head with a somewhat ashy pubescence in front; prothorax with a few remote punctures, principally in the centre; elytra slightly elongate, the first spot midway between the base and middle, in a line with this transversely and near the margin is a smaller one, which is probably sometimes absent, the third spot is behind the middle, and the fourth is near the apex and close to the suture; body beneath with an ashy pubescence; legs and antennæ rufescent, the former with a close ashy pubescence.
Length 6—7 lines.
A very distinct species, compared by M. Thomson to C. Rhetenor, Newm.
In this and the two preceding species the transverse ridge, formed by the strong constriction at the base of the prothorax, has the little projecting point, found in all the species in the centre of the ridge and therefore opposite the scutellum, bifid.
Cereopsius marmoreus.
Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 105.
(?) Cereopsius mysticus, J. Thomson, Syst. Ceramb. p. 566.
C. sub-elongatus, niger; elytris cinereo-marmoratis; antennis rufescentibus, apicem versus fuscioribus.
Hab.—Singapore.
Sub-elongate, black, elytra irregularly marbled with ashy; head and prothorax with a thin ashy pubescence, the latter with five callosities between the apex and the transverse ridge, which is also somewhat interrupted so as to present the appearance of three more callosities; scutellum triangular, ashy; elytra deeply but sparingly punctured at the base, the ashy markings more or less transversely zig-zag; body beneath and legs with a thin ashy pile; antennæ reddish-brown, darker towards the apex.
Length 9½ lines.
Cereopsius privatus.
C. sub-attenuatus, fuscus, pube cervina tectus; prothorace inter spinas vix elevato.
Hab.—Malacca.
Rather narrow, dark brown, covered with a fawn-coloured pubescence; head with a somewhat ashy pubescence, a few remote punctures in front, lip fringed with ochreous hairs; prothorax of nearly equal breadth at the base and apex, the transverse interspinous ridge nearly obsolete, but with a little bifid prominence opposite the scutellum; elytra obliquely lineato-punctate, two or three of the interspaces posteriorly forming slightly raised lines, but uniting into one before the apex; body beneath, legs, and antennæ with a thin ashy pile.
Length 5 lines.
This is rather a degraded form of the genus, but still preserving all its characters, except that the disk of the prothorax is less irregular. It, however, undoubtedly tends to obscure the line between Cereopsius and Xoes.
OTHELAIS.
Characteres ut in Cereopsio, sed antennæ fimbriatæ, scapo cylindrico, haud cicatricoso; prothorax dente laterali retrorso, dorso regulari; pro- et meso-sterna elevata, hoc antice transversim dilatato.
The type of this genus was originally placed by me in Cereopsius, but the above characters preclude its being retained in that group as now constituted. The two species described below are very distinct, but O. virescens, in form and colour, has a marked resemblance to Diallus subtinctus.
Othelais histrio. (Pl. XII. fig. 3.)
Cereopsius histrio, Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, v. 43.
O. nigra, niveo-notata; antennis niveo-annulatis; pedibus fusco-ferrugineis, subtiliter cinereo-pubescentibus.
Hab.—Aru.
Black, finely pubescent, with snowy-white spots and stripes; head and prothorax impunctate, black, front and cheeks white; the prothorax with three white stripes on the disk, the lateral stripe above and distant from the spine, and one on each side beneath it, anteriorly on the disk a transversely impressed line; scutellum narrowly triangular, nearly entirely black; elytra elevated at the base, slightly curved, irregularly punctured, with numerous very distinct snowy-white spots, two considerably larger than the rest on each side—one before, the other behind the middle—the apex of each elytron deeply emarginate, and terminated at each angle by a slender spine, the outermost being continuous with a short keeled line; body beneath black, shining, the sides with whitish pubescent patches; legs with a reddish tint, thinly covered with an ashy pubescence; antennæ rather longer than the body, dark ferruginous, the third and fourth joints at the base, and nearly the whole of the sixth, white.
Length 4 lines.
Othelais virescens.
O. pallide brunnea, sordide albo-notata; antennis pedibusque pallide virescentibus, nitidis.
Hab.—Saylee, Dorey.
Light brown, with a greenish tint, and a very thin pubescence, but in parts coarser and denser, forming dull whitish stripes and
VOL. III. THIRD SERIES, PART III.—SEPT. 1866. R
spots; head nearly impunctate; prothorax with a few coarse scattered punctures, three whitish stripes on the disk, the lateral one passing through the spine, another stripe below it, the spine long and very slender, no impressed line anteriorly; scutellum subtransverse, truncate posteriorly; elytra longer and narrower than in the preceding, less elevated at the base and less convex, each with four, five or six largish dull-white spots at the side, the one at the shoulder being sometimes broken up into two or three, the apex of each elytron slightly emarginate, comparatively, and terminated at each angle by a short broad process, the outermost being only slightly continuous with a keeled line, which extends nearly to the base of the elytron; body beneath dark chesnut, shining, the sides partially pubescent; legs and antennæ pale greenish, tinged with red, especially the tarsi, and covered with a very scanty pubescence.
Length 4½ lines.
DIALLUS.
Characteres ut in Cereopsio, sed antennæ articulo tertio scapo breviore; prothorax dorso regulari, spina laterali retrorsa; elytra apicibus rotundatis; et mesosternum latum, antice transversim dilatatum.
A sufficiently distinct genus, easily distinguished from Cereopsius, as well as from Othelais and Otroea, which it also resembles in habit, by the short third joint of the antennæ. The prothoracic spine, although directed backwards, is not recurved as in Othelais. The cicatrix on the scape is smooth and shining. The species are tolerably homogeneous, rather below the middle size and spotted with white on a dark ground.
Diallus lachrymosus. (Pl. XII. fig. 5.)
D. niger, subnitidus; prothorace elytrisque albo-maculatis.
Hab.—Tondano.
Black, slightly nitid, glabrous above, numerous distinct spots on the head, prothorax and elytra composed of a white tomentum; head without punctures; prothorax and elytra strongly punctured, the former with eight spots, two on each side and four median; scutellum quadrate, edged posteriorly with white; each elytron with two slightly raised lines, the inner more marked and extending to the apex, and about twenty spots, irregularly arranged; body beneath, legs and antennæ with a thin whitish pubescence.
Length 5½ lines.
Diallus lugens.
D. niger, opacus; prothorace fasciis tribus, elytrisque maculis plurimis cinerascentibus ornatis.
Hab.—Ceram.
Black, with a dark opake pubescence, banded or spotted above with pale ashy; head with a few punctures scattered amongst the ashy hairs; prothorax rather strongly punctured, with three white bands, one at the apex and one at the base, both well marked, the intermediate one between the lateral spines indefinite; scutellum nearly triangular; elytra irregularly punctured, one elevated line on each, the ashy spots fewer than in the preceding; body beneath, legs and antennæ with a coarse ashy pile.
Length 4½ lines.
Diallus subtinctus.
D. fuscus, sparse griseo-pubescens; prothorace vittis tribus, elytrisque antice maculis quinque, griseis, his postice albomaculatis.
Hab.—Mysol.
Dark brown, with a sparse greyish pubescence; face and cheeks apparently impunctate, covered with whitish hairs; prothorax rather strongly punctured, a short transverse slightly-raised ridge in the middle, one central and two lateral greyish stripes; scutellum truncate posteriorly; elytra coarsely punctured at the base, a single raised line on each posteriorly, the basal half with five greyish spots, one common at the apex of the scutellum, and two on each side, the apical half with about twelve white spots, two common to both elytra, but in all probability the number and size will be found to vary; body beneath black, shining, the sterna and sides of the abdomen with an ashy pile; legs and antennæ brownish-testaceous, with a pale-greyish pile.
Length 5 lines.
OTROEA.
Caput parvum, antice sub-rotundatum; tuberibus antenniferis divergentibus. Oculi mediocres, supra sub-approximati. Antennæ corpore vix longiores, subtus fimbriatæ; scapo cylindrico, haud cicatricoso; articulo tertio longiore; sequentibus sensim brevioribus. Prothorax æquatus, antice angustior, utrinque rotundatus, pone medium spina attenuata instructus, dorso regularis. Elytra sub-angustata, lateribus
R 2
apicem versus decrescentia, humeris rotundata, apicibus biapiculatis. Pedes mediocres, sub-æquales; tarsi antici articulis tribus basalibus valde transversis. Pro- et meso-sterna elevata, hoc antice latiori, margine rotundato.
This genus approaches Othelais and Diallus in habit and in many of its characters; from both it is distinguished by the short straight spine of the prothorax, and the broadly-transverse joints of the anterior tarsi. The three species described below are very distinct in coloration, but the sculpture is very similar, especially of the first two. The second antennal joint is more than usually elongate in this genus.
Otroea semiflava. (Pl. XII. fig. 2.)
O. flavo-lutea; abdomine, antennis, pedibus, elytrisque postice, nigrescentibus; his seriatim punctatis, postice interstitiis elevatis.
Hab.—Batchian.
Greyish or ochraceous-yellow, finely pubescent, the elytra posteriorly, the abdomen beneath, antennæ and legs, blackish; head and prothorax impunctate, the pubescence yellowish; scutellum nearly quadrate, brownish; elytra seriate-punctate, the rows rather widely apart, the insterstices gradually becoming elevated towards the apex, and the yellow rather abruptly passing into dark brown or blackish, the pubescence at the same time becoming ashy (in another specimen the shoulders only are yellowish), outer apiculus slender, elongate; abdomen and metasternum dark brown, shining, sparingly pubescent; legs dark brown, with a thin ashy pubescence; antennæ black, the bases of the third and fourth, and nearly the whole of the sixth and eighth joints, whitish.
Length 5 lines.
Otroea cinerascens.
O. pallide-fusca, pube cinerascente tecta; elytris striato-punctatis, striis cinereis.
Hab.—Amboyna.
Pale brownish, with a thin ashy pile; head impunctate; prothorax with a few scattered punctures, chiefly in front; scutellum sub-quadrate, rounded behind, brownish; elytra striato-punctate, the striæ entirely ashy, the interstices brownish, outer apiculus produced, stoutish; body beneath and legs brownish, shining, pubescence thin, greyish; antennæ brownish, bases of the third and
fourth, and nearly the whole of the sixth and eighth joints, whitish.
Length 5 lines.
Otroea tessellata.
O. fusca, pubescens; capite prothoraceque cinereo-vittatis; elytris carinulatis, seriatim punctatis, cinereis, fusco-tessellatis.
Hab.—Ceram.
Brown, pubescent; head and prothorax impunctate, the former striped with ashy between and behind the eyes, the stripes continued on the latter, three on the disk, one passing through the lateral spine, and another less distinct below it on each side; scutellum semicircular, brown, bordered with ashy; elytra seriate-punctate, with two elevated lines on each, commencing at some distance from the base, the outer one terminating in the external apiculus, the inner lying between it and the suture, striped with brown and ashy, the latter also spotted with brown, so as to give the elytra a tessellated appearance, inner apiculus nearly obsolete; body beneath brown, shining; legs and antennæ ferruginous, with an ashy pile.
Length 5 lines.
XOES.
Caput parvum, antice quadratum; tuberibus antenniferis validis, approximatis. Oculi tenue granulati, mediocres, ore distantes. Antennæ elongatæ, setaceæ; scapo breviusculo, apice cicatricoso; articulo tertio longissimo; cæteris (ultimo excepto) multo brevioribus, sub-æqualibus. Prothorax fere æquatus, antice paulo angustior, lateribus angulatis, dente brevi pone medium instructis. Elytra elongata, apicem versus sensim angustiora, apice truncato-spinosa. Pedes breviusculi, antici paulo robustiores; tarsi sub-æquales, antici latiores. Prosternum elevatum. Mesosternum dentato-productum. Corpus angustum.
A narrower form than any other of the sub-family, and differing also in the shorter scape, the relative proportions of the antennal joints, and the form of the prothorax.
Xoe egeria. (Pl. XI. fig. 3.)
X. fusca, pube cinera tecta; vertice, prothoracia dorso, scutelloqye brunneo-ochraceis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Dark brown, everywhere covered with an ashy pile, except the upper part of the head and prothorax and the scutellum, which are pure brownish-ochraceous; head and prothorax impunctate, the latter with a transverse incurved depression anteriorly, and behind the middle a two-lobed elevation, each lobe triangular, with the apex pointing backwards; scutellum transversely scutiform; elytra with small scattered punctures at the base nearly hidden by the pubescence, posteriorly gradually passing into rows, with the interstices slightly elevated, the apices truncate, the outer angle produced; body beneath smooth, shining, with a much sparser pubescence; antennæ between two and three times as long as the body in the male (female unknown).
Length 7 lines.
PSAUMIS.
Caput mediocre, antice sub-quadratum; tuberibus antenniferis validis, divergentibus, basi approximatis. Oculi grosse granulati, magni. Antennæ corpore longiores; scapo elongato, sub-cylindrico, haud cicatricoso; articulo tertio multo longiore; cæteris brevioribus et sub-æqualibus. Prothorax fere æquatus, utrinque dente valido in medio armatus, basirectus. Elytra oblonga, sub-convexa, lateribus a basi sensim. angustioribus, humeris producto-angulatis, apicibus rotundatis. Pedes modice elongati; tarsi postici paulo longiores Prosternum sub-elevatum. Mesosternum productutumm, medio carinulatum.
The absence of the cicatrix on the scape and the coarsely facetted eyes will at once distinguish this genus. This character of the eyes also occurs in Amesisa and one or two other genera, in conjunction with a cicatricose scape.
Psaumis turbidus. (Pl. XI. fig. 6.)
P. dense cervino-pubescens, maculis confluentibus fuscescentibus coloratus.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Covered with a very close fawn-coloured pubescence; the elytra with darker spots tinged with brown and more or less confluent, and, judging from two specimens, variable as to amount and dis-
tinctness; head impunctate; prothorax very sparingly punctured, an impressed line behind the anterior margin interrupted in the middle, and posteriorly two transversely impressed lines, the disk with two dark spots (in one specimen nearly obsolete); scutellum broad at the base, narrower and truncate behind; elytra subseriate-punctate posteriorly, the punctures on the middle and base more irregular, very small and nearly concealed by the pubescence; body beneath and legs reddish-brown, with a delicate smooth pile; antennæ from a quarter to a third longer than the body.
Length 10 lines.
AGNIA.
Agnia, Newman, The Entom. i. 291.
Caput antice supra angustius, vertice elongatum; tuberibus antenniferis validis, breviusculis, approximatis. Oculi tenue granulati, mediocres, ore distantes. Antennæ (♂) duplo—quadruplo corpore longiores, setaceæ; scapo vix elongato, apicem versus sensim incrassato, apice ipso cicatrice magna instructo; articulo tertio duplo longiore; cæteris æqualibus vel (etiam in eadem specie) multo brevioribus. Prothorax transversus, antice angustior, utrinque sub-rotundatus, muticus, basi sub-bisinuatus. Elytra (♂) sub-trigonata, (♀) oblongo-ovata, humeris productis, haud lobatis, apice rotundata. Pedes (præsertim ♂) modice elongati; tarsi sub-æquales. Prosternum elevatum. Mesosternum valde productum.
This handsome genus will be readily recognized, at least among those in this collection, by the obconical form of the prothorax, which is without any trace of the lateral tooth, and by the long setaceous antennæ (varying however from twice to four times the length of the body in the same species) as contrasted with Achthophora.
Agnia fasciata. (Pl. XI. fig. 1.)
Pascoe, Proc. Ent. Soc. 1859, p. 54.
A. aterrima; elytris fasciis quatuor ochraceo-pubescentibus.
Hab.—Amboyna.
Deep black, somewhat nitid, mostly with a slightly blueish shade, the elytra with four broad clear yellow-ochraceous bands; head minutely and remotely punctured, slightly pubescent; prothorax with slightly impressed punctures, nearly glabrous, a curved impression anteriorly and two grooved lines behind, the
disk slightly irregular; scutellum narrower anteriorly, broad and slightly emarginate posteriorly; elytra divided into nine more or less equal bands, the basal, apical, and three middle bands being black, sub-glabrous and punctured, the punctures becoming nearly obsolete posteriorly, the four ochreous bands formed by a very closely-set pubescence; body beneath, legs and antennæ black, with a blueish tinge, especially the legs, and covered with a minute scattered pubescence.
Length 8—9 (♂)—11 (♀) lines.
Agnia eximia.
Pascoe, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3, v. 120.
A. aterrima, nitida, fere glabra, maculis niveo-pubescentibus ornata.
Hab.—Batchian, Gilolo.
Deep glossy black, nearly glabrous; an oblique line below the eye and across the cheek, another behind the eye; posterior border of the prothorax, the scutellum, and several transverse spots and patches on the elytra formed of a snowy-white pubescence; head and prothorax with minute scattered punctures, the latter with a strongly impressed groove anteriorly, the two hinder grooves concealed by pubescence; scutellum semicircular; elytra more closely and coarsely punctured at the base, generally one spot only behind the middle common to both elytra; body beneath and legs black, sparingly covered with a delicate ashy pubescence, borders of the abdominal segments snowy; antennæ dull black.
Length 6—11 lines.
PHARSALIA.
Pharsalia, J. Thomson, Syst. Ceramb. p. 85.
Caput mediocre, supra angustius; tuberibus antenniferis validis, breviusculis, intus apice productis. Oculi mediocres. Antennæ (♂) longissimæ, haud fimbriatæ; scapo cylindrico, elongato, cicatricoso; articulo tertio multo longiore (♂), vix longiore vel breviore (♀); cæteris plus minusve paulo brevioribus vel sub-æqualibus. Prothorax sub-transversus, utrinque in medio fortiter spinosus, antice et postice constrictus. Elytra sub-trigonata, in fœminis magis oblongo-ovata, basi bi-gibbosa, humeris productis, apicibus truncatis, vel rotundatis. Prosternum sub-elevatum. Mesosternum antice productum.
The characters of this genus, as well as the species that compose it, have nothing about them very decided. Nevertheless the genus is a tolerably natural one, and the species very distinct. I am not, however, acquainted with the type (P. Malasaica), but I have received from M. J. Thomson P. gibbifera, Guér.,* to which it appears Monohammus? agenor, Newm., is to be referred, and with this I have little difficulty in connecting the species described below as congeners. P. cincticornis is a female specimen and may possibly be P. Malasaica, Thoms., but that author omits all mention of the antennæ. The colours of these insects are a mixture of various shades of grey and brown, and sometimes ochraceous; and the elytra have each two raised lines, which are more prominent posteriorly.
Pharsalia lentiginosa.
P. fusca, pube grisea et fusca variegata; antennis obscure annulatis; prothorace disco inæquali; elytris basi profunde punctatis, apicibus rotundatis.
Hab.—Banda.
Brown, pubescence mixed grey and brown of various shades in small patches; head impunctate, sparsely pubescent, greyish; prothorax nearly impunctate, the disk unequal, dark brown with greyish pilose stripes, but externally a little spotted; scutellum grey, broad at the base; elytra deeply punctured at the base, behind the basal gibbosities a pale greyish band spreading out at the sides, posteriorly a series of dark-brown patches nearly forming a ring, apices rounded; body beneath and legs with a greyish pile, but on the former more or less interrupted; antennæ brown, the basal half of nearly all the joints greyish.
Length 11 lines.
Another specimen, which is probably the female of this species, has much darker colours, with the ringed pattern on the elytra scarcely recognizable.
Pharsalia cincticornis.
P. fusca, pube fusco-grisea variegata; antennis griseis, fuscoannulatis; prothorace disco inæquali; elytris basi punctatis, humeris granulosis, apicibus rotundatis.
Hab.—Malacca.
Brown, pubescence chiefly brownish-grey passing into fulvous;
* Icon. du Règne An. p. 243 (Monochamus gibbifer).
head closely pubescent; prothorax impunctate, disk unequal, in the centre two or three brown glabrous patches; scutellum greyish; elytra strongly punctured at the base, especially between the gibbosity and shoulder, with a few black granules on the latter, a pale greyish curved band between the base and middle, rest of the elytra with obscure traces of ashy, apices rounded; body beneath and legs fulvous-brown; abdominal segments with a small black spot on each side; antennæ fulvous-brown, basal half of most of the joints grey.
Length 11 lines.
The specimen here described is a female.
Pharsalia duplicata.
P. fusca, pube grisea et fusca variegata; antennis haud annulatis; prothorace disco parum inæquali; elytris basi granulatis, latere externo biplagato, plaga una grisea altera fusca, apicibus truncatis.
Hab.—Singapore.
Brown, pubescence greyish, with obscure brown patches; head sparsely pubescent; prothorax slightly unequal on the disk, without callosities, the centre with a glabrous brown spot, the sides with a few small granular tubercles pitted in the middle; elytra thickly granulate at the base, with two large blotches on each towards the outer margin, the first pale greyish, the second dark brown; apices truncate, the outer angle not produced; body beneath and legs reddish-grey; borders of the abdominal segments densely pubescent; antennæ greyish-brown, not ringed.
Length 9 lines.
Pharsalia supposita.
P. fusca, pube grisea obscure varia; prothorace disco vix inæquali, granulato; elytris basi granulatis, apicibus truncatis, angulo externo productis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Brown, with a greyish pubescence obscurely varied with brown; the head, the band behind the middle of the prothorax and the stripe at the side, pale ashy grey, the disk of the latter with an anchorshaped black mark on the centre, the sides granular; scutellum spreading at the base; elytra granulate near the base only, posteriorly varied with brown, the apices truncate, with the outer angle produced; body beneath and legs with a ferruginous-grey pubescence; the abdominal segments with a triangular dark
glabrous spot on each side; antennæ reddish-brown, with a palegrey pubescence.
Length 9 lines.
Pharsalia saperdoides.
P. ferruginea, pube fulvida varia; prothorace transverso, utrinque dente parvo instructo; elytris oblongis, basi bis-subgibbosis, apice truncatis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Ferruginous, with a pale fulvous pubescence, here and there slightly interrupted; head pale greyish, impunctate; prothorax fulvous, the lateral tooth very small, the disk nearly regular; scutellum triangular posteriorly; elytra oblong, scarcely raised at the base, the gibbosities very much reduced, with a few granules behind them, posteriorly a few dark patches, apices truncate; body beneath and legs ferruginous-grey; antennæ not ringed.
Length 6 lines.
A smaller and more cylindrical species than any of the preceding, with the gibbosities and lateral spine nearly reduced to their minima.
Pharsalia vinosa.
P. fusca, pubescens, cervino- et griseo-variegata; prothorace latitudine breviori; elytris basi haud cristatis, postice confertim ochraceo-maculatis.
Hab.—Sarawak, Singapore.
Brown or purplish brown, with a short interrupted fawn-coloured pubescence spotted with ochraceous; ochraceous spots round the eyes and two stripes on the vertex; prothorax impunctate anteriorly and posteriorly, the central part with small, rather distant, punctures, with one or two ochraceous stripes on each side, which are sometimes obsolete; elytra without crests at the base, rounded at the apex, varied with indefinite fawn-coloured patches, which are sometimes nearly obsolete, and with more coarsely pubescent ochraceous spots, which are especially massed together on the posterior third of the elytra; body beneath and legs with a grey pubescence, sides of the abdomen spotted with ochraceous; antennæ pale brownish, darker towards the tips.
Length 7 lines.
In this somewhat aberrant species the elytral gibbosities have disappeared, but the lateral prothoracic spine is well marked.
COMBE
Combe, J. Thomson, Syst. Ceramb. p. 83.
Characteres fere ut in Cereopsio, sed oculi parvi, ore distantes: antennæ (♀) longissimæ; scapo mediocre, apicem versus crassiori, apice valde cicatricoso, articulis tertio et sequentibus (?) multo longioribus, cylindricis, incrassatis, (♂) corpore paulo longiores, articulis cylindricis sed vix incrassatis, a tertio sensim brevioribus et tenuioribus; prothorax basi quam apice haud latior, spina laterali in medio sita; elytra magis depressa.
The females of the handsome species which is the only exponent of this genus are, according to the specimens now before me, very considerably larger than the male, but the antennæ are not much longer than the body. Unfortunately the only male I have seen wants the last six joints of the antennæ, but the fifth joint is longer than the fourth, and this again longer than the third; the contrary of this occurs in the female, from which sex only M. Thomson appears to have drawn his description. The specimen in the British Museum described by Mr. White is without a head. There are no granulations on the elytra, as in Triammatus.
Combe Brianus.
Monohammus Brianus, White, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1858, p. 409. Combe fulgurata, J. Thomson, Syst. Ceramb. p. 84 (1864).
C. nigra, nitida, pube nivea notata; antennis annulatis.
Hab.—Malacca.
Black, shining, glabrous, with patches of snowy-white pubescence; head impunctate, a white oblique stripe beneath the eye and a line across the vertex extending down the cheeks; prothorax slightly rugose, with three white stripes on the disk and one on each side; scutellum triangular, white; elytra slightly punctured, with more or less of a zig-zag band in the middle, above this from each shoulder an oblique patch, two other patches at the base and four or five more towards the apex of each, snowy-white; body beneath glossy black, with white patches at the sides; legs and antennæ black, the latter with the basal halves of the joints from the third to the seventh white.
Length (♂) 9 lines—(♀) 13 lines.
EUTHYASTUS.
Caput antice supra angustius; tuberibus antenniferis validissimis, fere erectis, sub-contiguis, intus productis. Oculi mediocres,
supra approximati. Antennæ (♂) corpore plus duplo longiores, haud fimbriatæ scapo modice elongato, cylindrico, valde cicatricoso; articulo tertio multo longiore; cæteris brevioribus, subæqualibus, (♀) sensim decrescentibus. Prothorax brevis, capite haud latior, lateribus obsolete dentatus. Elytra elongata, sub-angustata, basi latiora, normalia, apicibus rotundatis. Pedes longiusculi, fere æquales, sed tarsi postici paulo longiores. Prosternum sub-elevatum. Mesosternum haud productum.
The short, sub-cylindrical, nearly mutic prothorax, in conjunction with the long antennæ and simple mesosternum, will readily distinguish this genus, which is otherwise of a commonplace appearance. Its affinities are not very obvious.
Euthyastus binotatus. (Pl. XI. fig. 5.)
E. fuscus, pube grisea interrupta; elytris punctis confluentibus tectis, basi granuliferis, latere externo macula magna interrupta griseo-pubescente ornatis.
Hab.—Sarawak, Malacca.
Dark brown, with an interrupted greyish pubescence; head with a close grey pile, and narrow well-marked glabrous vertical brown lines between and beneath the eyes; prothorax slightly corrugated transversely, the sides with small patches of pubescence; scutellum transverse; elytra coarsely punctured at the base, the punctures more or less confluent, and the intervals more or less raised into glossy granules, gradually disappearing, and the punctures becoming shallower and more remote towards the apex, the side with a large irregular interrupted patch of dense greyish pubescence; body beneath, legs, and antennæ at the base, with a dull greyish pile, the rest of the antennæ pale rufous.
Length 10 lines.
METON.
Meton, Pascoe, Journ. of Entom. i. 342.
Caput antice sub-quadratum, tuberibus antenniferis validis, divergentibus. Oculi grosse granulati, mediocres, vertice sub-remoti. Antennæ corpore fere duplo longiores, fimbriatæ; scapo breviusculo, sub-cylindrico, cicatricoso; articulis tertio et quarto multo longioribus et æqualibus; sequentibus brevioribus et paulo sensim decrescentibus. Prothorax capite vix latior, latitudine et longitudine fere æqualis,
utrinque dente mediano mediocri armatus. Elytra brevisucula, subparallela, apice integra, basi serrato-cristata, humeris subprominula. Pedes longiusculi; femora clavata; tibiæ rectæ, apicem versus crassiores; tarsi angusti, intermedii et postici articulo basali longiusculo. Pro- et meso-sterna paulo elvata, inermial.
In characterizing this genus in the work above quoted I placed it between Monochamus and Dysthæta, but on examining it afresh I think its affinity (as well as that of Dysthæta) is more with the present sub-family, particularly in regard to its clavate femora. None of the species, however, with which we are acquainted, seem suggestive of any affinities; and the genus, like many others of this and other groups, can only be regarded as somewhat aberrant. The genus has two well-marked species in Australia (M. Digglesii, Pasc., and M. tropicus, Pasc.).
Meton granulicollis. (Pl. XII. fig. 4.)
Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, v. 42.
M. piceus, griseo-pubescens; prothorace utrinque minute spinoso, antice granulato; elytris sparse fusco-maculatis, apicem versus fascia obliqua griscescenti.
Hab.—Aru.
Pitchy, with a greyish or somewhat ashy pubescence; a broad dark stripe behind the eye and along the side of the prothorax leaving a well defined greyish-white stripe in the middle, which, on the head, spreads over the face and cheeks; lateral spine of the prothorax very small but distinct, above it anteriorly and on each side numerous small black shining granules; elytra rather narrow, granulated at the base, spotted with dark brown, and having a well-defined greyish-white oblique band posteriorly continuous with a stripe at the suture which is prolonged to the apex; body beneath and legs with a greyish pile; tibiæ black at their tips; antennæ blackish, the third, fourth and fifth reddish-testaceous, except at their tips.
Length 5 lines.
IPIIIOTHE.
Caput parvum, antice sub-quadratum; tuberibus antenniferis validis, approximatis. Oculi mediocres, anguste emarginati, vertice sub-approximati. Antennæ corpori æquales (vel vixæquales?); scapo modice elongato, crasso, cylindrico, obsolete
cicatricoso; articulo tertio longiore, basi attenuato, apicem versus pyriforme; 4to—6to brevibus, attenuatis, præsertim 5to et 6to (cæteri desunt). Prothorax capite vix latior, sub-cylindricus, muticus. Elytra basi latissima, lateribus leviter rotundatis, apice truncata. Pedes inæquales, antici breviores, postici longiores; tarsi æquales. Prosternum sub-elevatum. Mesosternum in medio dente verticali productum.
Unfortunately the unique specimen before me wants the last five joints of the antennæ, and therefore I have not figured it. It resembles in outline a Criopsis or a Scleronotus, and is well characterized by the long claviform third antennal joint, followed by others so much smaller and slenderer (although the fourth is less so than those which follow) as to give them the appearance of having belonged to another insect.
Iphiothe criopsioides.
I. fusca, pube plerumque griseo-fusca tecta; antennarum articulo quarto, apice excepto, rufo-luteo.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Dark brown, thickly covered with a stone-greyish pubescence, the elytra spotted with ochraceous; head with the mesial line deeply impressed on the vertex between the tubers, and with the first three antennary joints brown, sprinkled with grey; prothorax with the breadth at the base equal to the length, a little narrowed in front, very minutely punctured, greyish-brown; scutellum scutiform, with a pale grey stripe in the middle; elytra nearly twice as broad as the prothorax, sub-parallel at the sides, rapidly rounding towards the apex, irregularly and rather remotely punctured, brown, loosely mottled with grey and speckled with ochreous, and between the ochraceous spots are dark patches of brown; body beneath and legs brown, clothed with an interrupted grey pile: fourth joint of the antennæ reddish, its apex brown.
Length 6 lines.
NICIPPE.
Nicippe, J. Thomson, Syst. Ceramb. p. 88.
Caput antice transversum, tuberibus antenniferis validis, paulo divergentibus, basi approximatis. Oculi mediocres, antice distantes. Antennæ tenues, corpore longiores; scapo sub-cylindrico, haud cicatricoso; articulo tertio duplo longiore; cæteris brevioribus, gradatim decrescentibus. Prothorax
transversus, utrinque pone medium spinosus. Elytra basi latiora, humeris rotundatis, apicibus bispinosis. Pedes mediocres, antici breviores; femora paulo clavata; tarsi sub-æquales. Prosternum elevatum, antice dilatatum. Mesosternum elevatum.
M. J. Thomson has separated this and two other species from Zygocera, to which I had referred them, to form three genera. This, however, is the only one which occurs in the Malayan Fauna, and is distinguished from Zygocera by its transverse face and the anteriorly-dilated prosternum extending more or less in front of the anterior coxæ. The latter character it has in common with Disterna—another of the three genera alluded to,—and from this it scarcely differs, except in the form of the head anteriorly.
Nicippe complexa.
Zygocera complexa, Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, v. 34.
N. castanea, fasciis maculisque ochraceis ornata.
Hab.—Aru.
Somewhat depressed, varying from reddish to dark chesnut-brown, with bands and spots formed by short ochreous hairs; head with two broad stripes in front, two narrower ones on the vertex, and an oblique one beneath each eye; prothorax with three bands, which are united in the middle and on each side; scutellum ochreous, transverse, rounded behind; elytra scarcely broader than the prothorax (including the spines of the latter), each with three carinæ posteriorly, the innermost and outermost terminating in the two apical spines respectively, the ochreous markings very complicated, but three irregular bands may be distinguished—one before the middle, one near the apex, and one intermediate; between these and at the base are numerous, small, more or less flexuous spots; body beneath and legs brownish, sometimes varied with darker; antennæ brownish.
Length 5 lines.
The following genus, in the great length of the antennæ and the short feet, seems to approach Hippopsis; but the shortness of the sterna and the cicatricose scape forbid any association in that direction; there is an analogy, at least, between this genus and Otroea, in the breadth of the anterior tarsi, and the approximation of the antennary tubers is significant of its probable affinity to the Hypselominæ.
LÆLIDA.
Caput infra modice dilatatum, supra contractum; apice clypeinuato; tuberibus antenniferis contiguis, erectis. Oculi sat parvi. Antenxæ longissimæ, lineares; scapo cylindrico, ad medium prothoracis vix attingente; articulo tertio fere triplo longiore; cæteris æqualibus, duobus ultimis brevioribus exceptis. Prothorax sub-cylindricus, lateraliter dente parvo armatus. Elytra oblonga, lateribus modice rotundatis, apicibus truncatis, angulo exteriori producto. Pedes brevissimi; tarsi antici dilatati. Prosternum muticum. Mesosternum elevatum, antice paulo productum. Abdomen segmentis tribus intermediis breviorbus.
Lælida antennata. (Pl. XV. fig. 1.)
L. fusca, tomentosa; prothorace elytrisque flavido-vittatis; antennis articulo ultimo (apice excepto) niveo.
Hab.—Singapore.
Dark brown, covered with a roughish tomentum varied with stripes of pale lemon-yellow; head whitish in front, with a yellow patch behind the eye; prothorax about equal in length and breadth, finely punctured, with two stripes on the disk and a broader one on each side below the lateral tooth; scutellum transverse, yellow; elytra considerably broader than the prothorax at the base, more coarsely punctured, each with three stripes, the outer and inner meeting at the apex; antennæ nearly four times as long as the body, brown, the apex of the tenth and the whole of the last joint except the apex closely covered with longish snowy-white silky hairs; body beneath and legs with a delicate grey pile, sides of the sterna and abdomen with a broad whitish stripe.
Length 3¼ lines.
LAMIINÆ.
After a careful examination I have come to the conclusion that no sufficient differentiation can be made between Lamiinæ, Monochaminæ and Gnominæ, and that to obtain anything like a satisfactory set of characters it would be necessary to form a large number of groups, or, as we would call them for the sake of uniformity, "sub-families." It may seem a violation of all our ordinary ideas of natural affinity to place Gnoma with Petrognatha, Cylindrepomus with Tragocephala, or Lamia with Gerania, yet such are the extreme varieties of form and so graduated the characters by
VOL. III. THIRD SERIES, PART III.—SEPT. 1866. S
which we attempt to fix them that it is only a choice between the combination of the most heterogeneous genera, or the addition of numerous sub-families,* which would also, many of them, contain exceptional forms. With few exceptions this evasive variation seems to bethe rule throughout the Longicornia, and this makes their classification so difficult. By strictly limiting the more obviously allied species to the same genus the difficulty is obviated in them, but we should lose some of the advantages of classification if this principle of himogeneity were to be carried into the higher groups.
To give any but the most general remarks on this sub-family, the extensive signification which is here given to it, would be almost impossible; nearly every extreme of colour, form and size are represented,—some are among the giants of the insect class, some are remarkable for their long antennæ, or their short legs, or for a combination of both. The majority of them, however, have a form of which the common European Monochami will give a central idea, from which the aberrant genera depart by gradual modifications, not always, indeed, without a break.
The affinities of the Lamiinæ are very decided. To Hypselominæ, especially to such genera as Triammatus, Omocyrius, Pharsalia and others, there is the strongest resemblance; Lamia, Morimus, &c., recall the Dorcadioninæ; and Nemotragus and Anauxesis lead by Megacera to the Hipposinæ.
The geographical distribution of the Lamiinæ, when we consider their numbers, may be said to be almost exclusively confined to the African, Indian, and Malayan regions. Europe and America, north of Mexico, have only the genera Monochamus, Morimus, Lamia, and Plectrodera; the two principal genera of tropcal America are Tæniotes and Ptychodes; Monochamus again and Batocera are the only exponents in Australia, and the presence of the latter genus, except as introduced, is doubtful, although it may perhaps be found to occur in the extreme north of that continent. Thysia, Oplophora, and a few other genera, occur in India and China. The headquarters of the sub-family a are undoubtedly the Malayan islands, but if we take the African Longicornia, and compare the Lamiinæ with the other sub-families, they will be found to be by far the predominant group.
* I would particularly mention the following genera as the types of some of these groups:—Petrognatha, Ceroplesis, Tragocephala, Sternotomis, Pkryneta, Ancylonotus, Gnoma, Olenecamptus, Nemotragus, &c. In M. J. Thomson's "Systema Cerambycidarum" many of these form "divisions."
The African genera are, however, very distinct and have scarcely anything in common with the Malayan.
One hundred and ten species occur in the Wallacean collection, which I have distributed into twenty-eight genera. In the following tabulation it has been necessary to adopt characters some of which separate at a long interval nearly allied genera.
Genera.
Mesosternum declivous. | |
Head exserted. | |
Prothorax armed at the sides. | |
Eyes large, sub-approximate in front. | |
Antennæ spinously rugose | Batocera, Lap. |
Antennæ smooth. | |
Elytra parallel | Apriona, Chev. |
Elytra narrowing to the apex | Megacriodes, n. g. |
Eyes of moderate size, not approximate in front. | |
Femora and tibiæ compressed | Sarothrocera, Wh. |
Femora and tibiæ not compressed. | |
Elytra toothed at the shoulders | Anhammus, Thoms. |
Elytra not toothed at the shoulders. | |
Prothorax spined at the sides. | |
Scape with a cicatrix. | |
Head subquadrate in front | Monochamus, Serv. |
Head transverse in front | Dihammus, Thoms. |
Scape without a cicatrix | Orsidis, n. g. |
Prothorax only slightly toothed at the sides. | |
Lower lobe of the eye vertical | Nephelotus, n. g. |
Lower lobe of the eye broadly rounded | Trysimia, n. g. |
Prothorax cylindrical, unarmed. | |
Posterior legs short | Olenecamptus, Chev. |
Posterior legs long | Cylindrepomus, Bl. |
Head not exserted | Gerania, Serv. |
S 2
Mesosternum elevated or produced. | |
Prothorax short, transverse | |
Elytra toothed at the shoulders | |
Elytra flat above | Protemnemus, Thoms. |
Elytra not flat above | Periaptodes, n. g. |
Elytra not toothed at the shoulders. | |
Prothorax strongly spined at the sides. | |
Eyes moderately large. | |
Antennæ longer than the body. | |
Antennary tubers sub-approximate. | |
Claw-joints short | Blepephæus, Pasc. |
Claw-joints long. | |
Head dilated below the eyes | Leprodera, Thoms. |
Head not dilated below the eyes. | |
Protibiæ long (♂) | Epepeotes, Pasc. |
Protibiæ not longer than the intermediate. | |
Lower lobe of the eye narrow | Nemophas, Thoms. |
Lower lobe of the eye round | Psaromaia, n. g. |
Antennary tubers distant at the base | Diochares, n. g. |
Antennæ shorter than the body (♂ and ♀) | Epicedia, Thomas. |
Eyes small | Himantocera Thoms. |
Prothorax slightly toothed at the sides. | |
Anterior legs long | Pelargoderus, Serv. |
Anterior legs short | Paragnoma, Bl. |
Prothorax elongate. | |
Femora incrassate. | |
Antennæ plumose | Psectrocera, Pasc. |
Antennæ not plumose | Gnoma, Fab. |
Femora linear | Mecotagus, Pasc. |
BATOCERA.
Batocera, Laporte de Castelnau, Hist. Nat. Ins. ii. 470.
Caput antice sub-transversum; clypeo distincto, supra arcuato; tuberibus antenniferis validis, divergentibus, basi contiguis. Oculi magni, profunde emarginati, parte inferiori os fere attingente. Antennæ (♂) sæpe corpore duplo longiores, scabræ, vel denticulatæ, articulorum apicibus aliquando spinoso-productis, (♀) breviores, minus rugosæ vel denticulatæ scapo valido, apice incrassato et valde cicatricoso; articulo tertio cæteris multo longiori; sequentibus sensim brevioribus. Prothorax transversus, utrinque fortiter spinosus, basi bisinuatus, antice et postice transversim corrugatus. Elytra oblonga, apicem versus sensim attenuata, (♀ magis ovata), apicibus truncatis, sæpissime bispinosis, humeris productospinosis. Pedes longiusculi; femora sub-linearia, antica (♂) scabra; tibiæ anticæ curvatæ, (♂) subtus denticulatæ tarsi breves, articulis tribus basalibus triangularibus, antici (♂) articulo primo extus producto, ultimo præcedentibus fere æquali. Pro- et meso-sterna simplicia. Abdominis segmento ultimo (♀) supra sæpissime detecto.
M. de Castelnau includes Anoplosthæta and Plectrodera in this genus, and consequently he is unable to take advantage of the very decided characters afforded by the antennæ and elytra, which at once distinguish Batocera from all the other genera in this sub-family. Batocera rubus, Lin.,* the type, is found all over the East Indies, and extends from the Isle of France to Australia, (in the latter country, however, probably introduced, as it has been in Europe), but, oddly enough, it does not seem to have been met with by Mr. Wallace. The genus is one of the finest among the Coleoptera, B. Wallacei sometimes measuring eleven inches in length from the hind tarsi to the extremity of the antennæ; but at the same time, owing to various modifications of colour, it is one of the most difficult in regard to the differentiation of the species; in many cases it is impossible to distinguish them without the aid of a suite of specimens. The species are mostly found on fallen timber; and they fly about in the evening as well as in the hottest sunshine.
* M. Kaup (Einige Ceramb. &c.) considers the Lamia rubus, Fab., to be distinct from the Linnæan species, and has named it Batocera Wieneckii.
Prothorax bimaculatus.
Batocera octomaculata.
Lamia 8-maculata, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. ii. 290.
Batocera Sararvakensis, J. Thoms. Arch. Ent. i. 452, pl. xix. fig. 2.
B. fusca, griseo-pubescens; scutello elytrisque maculis 8—10 niveis; horum apicibus oblique truncatis, angulo suturali mediocriter spinoso, angulo externo parum producto.
Hab.—Malacca, Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Banda.
Pale reddish-brown to dark brown, with a delicate uniform greyish or yellowish-grey pubescence; head impunctate, a pale yellowish rim round the eyes, with small black granules at short intervals; antennæ slightly pubescent, apices of the joints from the fourth to the eighth with two short spines, the ninth slightly dilated on one side; prothorax transverse, the breadth, including the spines, nearly twice the length; scutellum white; elytra of intermediate length, with four snowy-white spots in the middle line of each, more or less equally distant from each other and the base and apex, the second generally the largest and often accompanied by a smaller spot external to it, shoulders with a short spine directed outwards, apices slightly obliquely truncate, the sutural angle terminating in a moderately short spine, the outer angle only slightly produced, not spinous; body beneath pubescent, grey, a broad snowy stripe extending from the eye along the sides of the prothorax and sterna to the fourth abdominal segment; legs with a delicate grey pubescence.
Length 11—20 lines.
I have been unable to find any character to separate B. octomaculata and B. Sarawakensis, and am very doubtful as to the claims of the next following.
Batocera Celebiana.
J. Thomson, Arch. Ent. i. 453, pl. xx. fig. 1.
B. fusca vel nigro-fusca, griseo- vel ochraceo-pubescens; scutello elytrisque maculis 6—8 niveis; horum apicibus sinuatis, angulo suturali mediocriter spinoso, angulo externo parum producto.
Hab.—Tondano, Menado, Macassar.
The only character I can discover to distinguish this from the last is the sinuate apex of the elytron; I am not sure that it is per-
sistent. M. Thomson's description is from a female, of which he says that is "more robust and shorter" than the preceding.
Length 12—25 lines.
Batocera Thomsonii.
Javet, Arch. Ent. i. 412, pl. xx. fig. 2.
B. fusca, obscure griseo-pubescens; scapo (♂) basin versus rugoso; scutello elytrisque maculis 4—6, præcipue duabus in medio maximis, niveis, apicibus truncatis, angulis spinosis, (♀) minus productis; tibiis anticis (♂) modice elongatis.
Hab.—Sarawak, Singapore, Penang.
Dark brown, with a dull yellowish-grey pubescence; scape (in the males) roughly punctured at the base, the intervals rising into short irregular folds; other characters as in B. octomaculata, but the third joint of the antennæ is considerably longer in both sexes, and, in what are apparently the normal specimens, there is only one large spot in the middle of each elytron, with perhaps two or three mere points, not always the same number on both sides; the exterior spine at the apex is as large as the sutural in the male, and is only a little less so in the female; the fore and intermediate legs are also more robust and longer than in the preceding.
Length 15—24 lines.
Batocera Victoriana.
J. Thomson, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 529; Arch. Ent. i. frontispiece.
B. ferruginea, tenuiter griseo-pubescens; scapo basin versus punctato, vix rugoso; elytris sub-elongatis, maculis plurimis flavescentibus vel miniaceis, basi nebulosis; tibiis anticis (♂) elongatis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Reddish-ferruginous, with a thin uniform greyish pubescence; head and prothorax as in the preceding; scape closely and coarsely punctured at the base, but scarcely rugose; fourth joint of the antennæ (♂) with a strong spine at a right angle with the apex, fifth, sixth and seventh with a triangular short spine tipped by a short mucro, eighth and ninth also spined, but not mucronate; scutellum white; elytra rather elongate, with several pale yellowish or occasionally bright vermilion spots, the base clouded with yellowish; body beneath greyish or brownish, pubescent, the
broad lateral snowy stripe not extending beyond the first abdominal segment; anterior legs and especially the tibiæ elogate.
Length 28—30 lines.
The spots on this very distinct species are, I believe, always of a bright vermilion when the insect is living, and one of my specimens still retains that colour. It is longer and narrower than any of the preceding.
Batocera metallescens.
B. fusco-metallica, tenuiter ochraceo-pubescens; scutello griseotomentoso; elytris cuneato-elongatis, in medio macula irregulari albo-tomentosa impressis.
Hab.—Macassar.
Dark brown, with a strong metallic gloss and a rather thin ochraceous pubescence; head and prothorax as in the preceding, but the latter less pubescent; antennæ more decidedly punctured and less scabrous, the apices of the joints somewhat enlarged but not produced; scutellum with a slightly silky yellowish-grey tomentum; elytra rather elongate, cuneate, or with the sides straighter and narrowing more rapidly posteriorly, each with a sunken irregular spot, having a close white tomentum at the bottom but not extending up to the level of the surrounding part; the lateral white stripe does not pass beyond the first abdominal segment; forelegs moderately elongate.
Length 26 lines.
I have only a single specimen of this species, but its metallic gloss, the form of the elytra with the two impressed central spots, and the characters of the antennæ, leave no doubt as to its distinctness from everything else in the collection.
Batocera pulverosa.
B. fusca, griseo-pubescens; elytris totis granulis nitidis tectis.
Hab.—Timor.
Dark brown or black, with a very pale grey or whitish pubescence; head roughly scored in front, the occiput and prothorax finely pubescent, the latter with two bright ochraceous spots; scutellum densely tomentose; elytra entirely covered (except close to the apices) with numerous small crowded glossy-brown granules, the pubescence filling the intervals, two or three patches—one, the most conspicuous, near the middle—with fewer granules, apices sub-sinuate, the sutural angle slightly produced; body beneath with a greenish-grey pubescence, the lateral stripe
gradually becoming obsolete on the abdomen; legs pubescent, pale greyish; antennæ thickened at the apices of the joints in the male, the third to the tenth joints inclusive shortly bispinous.
Length 29 lines.
This, I believe, is the only species, in which the elytra are entirely covered with granules.
Batocera Rosenbergii.
Kaup, Einige Ceramb. der Grossherzogl. Samml. zu Darmstadt, p. —, tab. ii. fig. 4.
B. nigra, nitida, sub-glabra; elytris impresso-fulvo-maculatis vel vittatis.
Hab.—Flores.
Black, shining, sub-glabrous; head coarsely punctured in front, the occiput with a few shallow punctures; prothorax with two fulvous spots; scutellum black, with a large obcordiform sulphur-yellow pubescent spot at the apex; elytra thickly punctured, the punctures filled in with short whitish hairs, with four oblong ochraceous tomentose spots on each, the posterior forming a long stripe, all, especially the last, strongly indenting the elytron, apices obliquely truncate, the sutural angle forming a short spine; body beneath black, with a thin greyish pile; lateral stripe continued to the last abdominal segment; antennæ thickened at the apices of the joints in the male, and shortly bispinous.
Length 26 lines.
§ § Prothorax immaculatus.
Batocera Orpheus.
? Batocera æneo-nigra, J. Thomson, Arcana Naturæ, p. 71.
B. purpureo-nigra, nitida; scutello concolore; elytris vage et confertim punctatis, punctis setuliferis, maculis impressis flavo-tomentosis ornatis, apicibus truncatis, angulo suturali spinoso.
Hab.—Morty, Batchian, Ternate.
Dark purplish-black, shining; head and scape coarsely punctured, the intervals forming irregular ridges, third and fourth joints of the antennæ scabrous, shining, the remainder opake, pale brownish, except at the apices, which are black shining and thickened, each furnished with two short spines, the last only excepted; prothorax with a fringe of bright-yellow hairs at the apex, without
spots of any kind; scutellum glabrous or with a few hairs on the apex; elytra rather elongate glabrous, closely covered with small punctures each having a minute whitish bristle or hair, several rather small impressed spots filled with an ochraceous tomentum, apices truncate, the sutural angle spined; body beneath black, shining, the segments of the abdomen and the various pieces of the sterna bordered with ochraceous hairs, no lateral stripe; legs mostly glabrous, except on the lower edges of the tibiæ.
Length 29 lines.
A noble and very distinct species. Three of my specimens are nearly without pubescence; there is a little along the suture in another, while in the fifth (a female) the pubescence is general, only interrupted by the granules at the base of the elytra, and the punctures over the remainder.
Batocera Gerstaeckerii.
J. Thomson, Syst. Ceramb. p. 551.
B. fusca; elytris fusco-brunneis, nitidis, pube grisescente interrupta tectis; infra subtiliter brunneo-pubescens; apicibus articulorum antennarum (♂) 4—6-spinosis.
Hab.—Sula.
Dark brown; head and prothorax covered with a delicate dark-greyish pile, the latter immaculate; scutellum, base and sides of the elytra fulvous-grey, rest of the elytra with a pale whitish-grey tomentum, interrupted by large irregular glabrous shining blotches, three on each; body beneath chocolate brown, with a short silky pubescence, the white lateral stripe extending to the last abdominal segment; antennæ with the apices of the joints thickened and armed with from four to six or more short spines.
Length 27 lines.
The glabrous glossy patches on the elytra seem to be distinctive of this species.
Batocera Orcus.
B. fusca; elytris pube brevi ochracea vel ochraceo-grisea tectis, maculis circa 6 niveis in medio et postice sitis ornatis; linea laterali prothoracis obsoleta.
Hab.—Ceram.
Dark brown; head and prothorax with a short grey pile, the former rugose in front, the latter immaculate; scutellum with a yellowish-grey tomentum; elytra rather elongate, with a short
ochraceous or greyish-ochraceous pubescence, with about six snowy spots behind the middle and posteriorly, granules at the base small, apices truncate, the sutural angle shortly spinous; body beneath reddish-brown, pubescence thin and greyish, the white lateral line absent from the head and prothorax, and varying according to the light on the abdomen; apices of the joints of the antennæ mostly thickened and shortly bispinous; legs slightly pubescent, that on the lower part of the tibiæ tinged with ferruginous.
Length 33 lines.
The last antennal joint of the female is in my specimen thickened and somewhat falcate. This species is best distinguished from the others in this section of the genus by the white spots on the elytra, and the absence of the lateral stripe from the head and prothorax.
Batocera Ammon.
B. fusca, pube ochraceo-grisea tecta; elytris punctulatis, basi et lateribus exceptis, albido-pubescentibus; linea laterali prothoracis obsoleta.
Hab.—Amboyna.
Allied to the preceding, but there are no white spots on the elytra, which are closely covered with a short whitish pubescence, except at the base and sides, which are ochraceous; numerous small punctures in patches are scattered over their surface, the punctures being very distinct notwithstanding their small size, and in nowise hidden by the pubescence; apices obliquely truncate, the sutural angle rather broad and slightly produced; body beneath and femora luteous, covered with a very regular and delicate fawn-coloured pile, rest of the legs darker; sides of the sterna with a broad white lateral stripe; antennæ incrassated at the apices of the joints and shortly bispinous.
Length 27 lines.
The very distinct punctuation of the elytra, with the uniform pubescence, differentiates this species from every other in my collection.
Batocera Wallacei.
J. Thomson, Arch. Ent. i. 447.
B. nigra, nitida; capite, prothorace supra, elytrisque lateribus et
regione suturali ochraceo-tomentosis; partibus aliis elytrorum maculis numerosis (aliquando fere obsoletis) niveis.
Hab.—Aru, Key, Matabello.
Black, shining; head and disk of the prothorax covered with a short ochraceous tomentum, the latter immaculate; scutellum subscutiform, ochraceous; elytra rugosely punctured, the sutural region and sides with an ochraceous tomentum, the interval glabrous and glossy black, more or less spotted with snowy-white; sometimes the spots are nearly connected throughout, forming an irregular stripe from the base to the apex, or (passing through many stages) they are nearly obsolete, the ochraceous tomentum extending more or less over the whole, or the tomentum is nearly absent altogether; body beneath with a greyish pubescence, the lateral stripe extending from the prothorax to the end of the abdomen; antennæ sometimes nearly three times the length of the body, very scabrous, the apices of the joints thickened, strongly produced on one side, and furnished with two or three stout spines.
Length 22—34 lines.
This is probably the finest species of the genus; it is very variable in size and colour, but in all cases preserves a certain distinctive character not to be mistaken.
Batocera Meleager.
B. fusca, pube fulva tecta; elytris ampliatis, punctis numerosis ferrugineis collocatis, apicibus bispinosis.
Hab.—Bouru.
Brown, with a short close tawny pubescence; head slightly rugose between the eyes; prothorax immaculate; scutellum broad at the base, coarsely and entirely pubescent; elytra large and convex, speckled with numerous rusty shining points, which are more or less crowded together, forming large irregular patches, these points at the base are chiefly composed of the usual granular projections which gradually lose this character and become at the middle little transverse impressions and towards the apex ordinary punctures, but in all cases surrounded by a slight glabrous space except along the sides, where the pubescence is darker and more condensed; apices truncate, each angle ending in a strongly-marked spine; body beneath and legs tawny, no trace of a lateral stripe; antennæ with three or four short spines on each of the thickened apices of the joints.
Length 34 lines.
Batocera læna;.
J. Thomson, Arch. Ent. i. 450.
B. nigra, nitida, pube fulvo-ferruginea tecta; elytris trigonatis, vage punctatis, niveo-maculatis, maculis sæpissime sex vel aliquando fere obsoletis, apicibus truncatis, spina suturali elongata.
Hab.—Aru.
Black, shining, with a yellowish-ferruginous pubescence; head dark tawny, rather rugose in front; prothorax immaculate, strongly transversely sulcate, the disk corrugated; scutellum fulvous; elytra trigonate, granules rather large at the base, gradually passing into punctures at the middle; with impressed spots filled with a snowy-white tomentum, usually three on each, sometimes nearly obsolete, with every variety between; spines truncate, with the sutural angle spined, the external broadly apiculate; body beneath pubescent, fulvous, lateral stripe absent from the head; legs and antennæ thinly pubescent.
Length 20—26 lines.
Resembles B. octomaculata, but the elytra are more trigonate, and, inter alia, the prothorax is immaculate and the head without the white blotch behind the eyes.
Batocera cinnamomea.
B. fusca; capite, prothorace, antennisque basi pallide cinereopubescentibus; scutello albo-tomentoso; elytris ferrugineis, pube cinnamomea dense tectis.
Hab.—Sula.
Dark brown; head, prothorax, and base of the antennæ with a thin ashy pubescence; scutellum densely tomentose, white; elytra reddish-ferruginous, covered with a dense brownish-fulvous or cinnamon-coloured pubescence, rather lighter at the base and furnished with a few granules only, the rest of the elytra impunctate, the apex slightly sinuate, with the sutural angle spined; head impunctate; prothorax without any spots, its centre rather free of irregularities; body beneath with a white silvery pubescence, no distinct lateral stripe; legs with a thin ashy pile.
Length 36 lines.
There is only a female specimen in this collection, but the uniform cinnamon pubescence of the elytra is sufficiently distinctive to keep it apart from any other known to me.
Batocera Attila.
B. fusca, pube cinerea tecta; prothorace fere obsolete sulcato; elytris fusco-plagatis, apicibus truncatis, spina suturali elongata.
Hab.—Sumatra, Java.
Brown, with a short pale ashy pubescence; head smooth, sparsely pubescent; prothorax with the transverse grooves nearly obsolete, two slight impressions in the male marking the usual position of the discal spots; scutellum very obtuse at the apex; elytra with a short pale ashy or whitish pubescence, with several irregular brownish blotches, the apices obliquely truncate, with the sutural angle prolonged into a slender spine; body beneath covered with an uniform fawn-coloured pubescence, the lateral stripe not very distinctly separated from it; legs pubescent, pale ashy; antennæ, except the first and second joints, ferruginous, with a thin ashy pubescence, the apices of the joints, especially the third and fourth, thickened, of a darker colour, and with three or four short spines to the majority of them.
Length 23 lines.
I have not been able to refer this to any of M. Thomson's species.
Batocera Hercules.
Lamia Hercules, Boisduval, Voy. de l'Astrol. p. 495.
B. nigra, nitida, pube brevi albida tecta; elytris validis, impunctatis, basi pauci-granulatis, cæteris pube densa uniformi vestitis.
Hab.—Menado.
Black, shining, covered with a short pearly-white pubescence, particularly close and uniform on the elytra; head between the eyes black and remotely punctured; prothorax impunctate, with a single transverse groove anteriorly, and a transverse undefined impression posteriorly; scutellum white; elytra entirely impunctate, with only a few small granulations at the base, the sides slightly tawny, apices emarginate, the sutural angle with a small spine; body beneath with a thin silvery pile, the white lateral stripe distinct on the head and prothorax; legs and antennæ black, partially pubescent.
Length 40 lines.
The largest and one of the most decided species of the genus. B. Una, White, appears to be very nearly allied.
Batocera leonina.
J. Thomson, Syst. Ceramb. p. 551.
(?)B. Whitei, Kaup, Einige Ceramb. &c., p.—, tab. iii., fig. 7.
B. ferruginea, fulvo-tomentosa; elytris immaculatis, apicibus bisinuatis et bimucronatis; scapo antennarum haud cicatricoso.
Hab.—Menado.
Derm reddish-ferruginous, covered with a close bright fulvous tomentum; vertex granulated; prothorax immaculate, strongly grooved and corrugated transversely; scutellum transverse; elytra nearly parallel at the sides, (♀) very uniformly covered with tomentum, except the usual granules at the base, the apex of each bisinuate, each angle ending in a well-defined mucro; body beneath and legs with a tawny pubescence, no lateral stripe; antennæ (♀) with scarcely any trace of spines, or in anywise scabrous, the scape without a cicatrix.
Length 27 lines.
My description, like M. Thomson's, is made from a female; but the species is distinguished by the absence of the cicatrix on the scape; the antennæ are about two-thirds longer than the body.
There is in the collection the female of another and apparently distinct species, which is uniformly covered with a thin yellowish-grey pubescence, has the apices of the elytra acutely bispinous, and the antennæ ringed with ashy. It stands under the provisional name of Batocera Claudia in my cabinet.
MEGACRIODES.
Characteres ut in Batocera, sed antennæ muticæ, et elytra postice sensim attenuata, humeris haud spinosis.
The two examples of the type of this genus in my collection, the only ones I am acquainted with, appear to be females, so that the character of the male antennæ remains to be ascertained. In the female, however, they are perfectly mutic, except the minute spines at the apices of some of the joints, and in this respect, as well as in the non-spinous shoulders, the genus differs essentially from Batocera. Mr. Wallace informs me that the spots on this insect when alive were of the richest yellow; one of my specimens still preserves much of this colour, in the other they are pure white. These spots are formed by a singularly dense and matted pubescence.
Megacriodes Saundersii. (Pl. XII. fig. 1.)
M. niger, nitidus, pube subtilissima cinera indutus, macula oculata in medio prothoracis et maculis octo elytrorum croceis.
Hab.—Sumatra.
Black, shining, with a very thin and apparently deciduous ashy pile; head with a border of yellowish hairs in front and below the eye; prothorax with a large oculate spot in the centre, nearly touching the base and apex; scutellum densely pubescent; elytra with numerous granules at the side near the shoulder, and a few at the base, each with four large round spots extending nearly from the base to the apex, the latter truncate, with its two angles spinous; body beneath greyish-black, a pure white broad stripe at the side extending from the eye to the last abdominal segment; antennæ and legs black.
Length 22 lines.
APRIONA.
Chevrolat, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1852, p. 414.
Characteres ut in Batocera, sed antennæ in utroque sexu fere æquales, lævigatæ, scapo leviter cicatricoso; elytra parallela, humeris dentatis, haud spinosis; et tibiæ anticæ haud denticulatæ.
M. Chevrolat describes the antennæ as 12-jointed, which is erroneous, and the eye as deltiform, which is true only with reference to the small δ, not the capital Δ. The genus is a very natural one, having for its type A. Germari, Hope (Lamia).*
Apriona cinerea.
Chevrolat, op. cit. p. 416.
(?) Batocera (Apriona) flavescens, Kaup, Einige Ceramb. &c., p. —, tab. iii. fig. 6.
A. supra omnino pube cinerea vestita; prothorace haud plicato.
Hab.—Mysol.
Testaceous, covered with a close uniformly greyish pile (not
* Monohammus gravidus, Pasc. Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 245, from North China, must, I think, form a new genus allied to Apriona. The following diagnosis will serve to differentiate it:—
MEGES.
Characteres ut in Apriona, sed scapus valde cicatricosus, oculi mediocres, lobo inferiori angustato, et tarsi articulo ultimo præcedentibus multo breviors.
ashy); sides of the prothorax and of the sterna chalky-white; head, prothorax and elytra impunctate, a few small granules on the prothorax, and a few larger granules on the shoulders, apices nearly round, but the sutural angle terminating in a short tooth; antennæ either ringed with ashy or unicolorous.
Length 20 lines.
SAROTHROCERA.
Sarothrocera, White, in Low's "Sarawak, &c." App. p. 414.
Caput antice quadratum; clypeo brevissimo, tuberibus antenniferis validissimis, modice divergentibus. Oculi mediocres, angustati, parte inferiore ore remota. Antennæ fimbriatæ, corpore paulo longiores; scapo obconico, incrassato; articulo tertio armato, scapo longiore; cæteris gradatim decrescentibus. Prothorax parvus, quadratus, utrinque fortiter spinosus, supra haud sulcatus. Elytra ampliata, lateribus fere parallelis, humeris prominentibus, apice rotundato. Pedes fere æquales; femora et tibiæ compressæ; tarsi dilatati, articulo ultimo magno. Pro- et meso-sterna simplicia.
Mr. White compares this genus to Cerosterna and Batocera; it is, however, very distinct, and scarcely suggests an affinity to these more than to any other genera of the sub-family.
Sarothrocera Lowii.
White, op. cit. p. 415, fig. 2.
S. densissime pubescens, sub-sericea, omnino cinnamomea.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Very closely covered by a short, very uniform, slightly-silky, rich cinnamon-brown pubescence, a little paler on the head, prothorax, and under parts, the scutellum pale greyish; several small raised points at the base of the elytra, which are impunctate; scutellum rather narrow; fringe of the antennæ dark brown, terminating at the seventh joint.
Length 20 lines.
NEMOPHAS.
Nemophas, J. Thomson, Syst. Ceramb. p. 75.
Caput antice sub-quadratum; clypeo brevissimo; tuberibus antenniferis validis, paulo divergentibus. Oculi mediocres, lobo inferiori angustato. Antennæ (♂) longissimæ, glaberrimæ; scapo apicem versus incrassato, cicatricoso; articulo tertio multo longiore; quarto tertio æquali; cæteris paulo
VOL. III. THIRD SERIES, PART III.—SEPT. 1866. T
brevioribus, ultimo longissimo; (♀) corpore longiores, articulo quarto tertio breviore; ultimo præcedente paulo longiore. Prothorax transversus, utrinque fortiter spinosus, apice uni- et basi bi-sulcatus. Elytra convexa, apicem versus angustiora, apice rotundata. Pedes robusti, æqulaes; femora linearia; tibiæ anticæ vix curvatæ; tarsi dilatati, articulo ultimo mediocri. Prosternum simplex. Mesosternum elevatum, productum.
The principal characters of this genus are the great length of the antennæ in the males, and the linear femora, which, as well as the tibiæ and tarsi, are only slightly variable in length in all the legs. The nearly straight anterior tibiæ and more or less elevated mesosternum are also to be remarked in conjunction with other characters. Two very fine and noble species, but varying very much in size, are comprised in this genus; three others, which I have also referred to it, must for the present remain somewhat doubtful, as I have seen only one example of each, and these are so remarkable that I have given a figure of each.
Nemophas batoceroides.
J. Thomson, Syst. Ceramb. p. 75.
B. aterrima, nitida; prothorace et corpore subtus læte ochraceopubescentibus.
Hab.—Timor.
Black, shining, glabrous, prothorax and body beneath covered with a dense, bright ochraceous-yellow pubescence; head minutely glabrous; prothorax with one anterior and two posterior transverse grooves, a black glabrous spot in the centre, and a few black glabrous points behind on each side (as in Psaromaia); elytra with a few granules at the base, which are gradually replaced by punctures becoming less and less marked towards the apex; legs and antennæ nearly glabrous, black.
Length (♂) 21 lines (of the antennæ 56 lines, together nearly 6½ inches).
Nemophas Grayii. (Pl. XIII. fig. 1.)
Monohammus Grayii, Pascoe, Proc. Ent. Soc. 1859, p. 54.
N. aterrima; prothorace antice, elytrisque fasciis quatuor vel quinque læte ochraceo-pubescentibus, his chalybeatis.
Hab.—Amboyna.
Deep black, shining, a slight steel-blue tint, especially on the elytra, varied with pubescent ochraceous-yellow bands; head
with a minute black pubescence; prothorax black at the base, the portion in front of the lateral spines ochraceous; scutellum triangular, rounded at the apex, black; elytra remotely punctured, very glossy, in the type three ochraceous bands, the base and apex with a few ochraceous hairs only, forming two or three indefinite spots but chiefly on the apex, in the specimen figured they have nearly changed places; in all the examples which have fallen under my notice the bands have not exactly corresponded on the two elytra; body beneath glabrous, black, with traces of a few ochraceous pubescent patches; legs steel-blue; antennæ black.
Length (♂) 20 lines (antennæ 58)—a smaller individual 12 lines (antennæ 24).
Nemophas incensus. (Pl. XIII. fig. 5.)
N. niger, pube sparsa interrupta cinerea tectus; elytris fasciis duabus vel tribus nigris, glabris.
Hab.—Morty.
Black, covered with a thin ashy pubescence, which is interrupted on the elytra so as to form two or three bands; head and prothorax ashy, the latter with a dark line across the middle; scutellum broadly rounded at the apex, ashy; elytra with one band near the base, the second in the middle, between the latter and the apex an indefinite glabrous patch—possibly from abrasion; body beneath with an uniform ashy pile; legs and antennæ black, the former minutely pubescent.
Length (♂) 14 lines.
Nemophas leuciscus. (Pl. XIII. fig. 4.)
N. niger, pube interrupta pallide ochracea tectus; elytris regione suturali transversim nigro-variis.
Hab.—Batchian.
Black, covered above with a rather dense pale-ochreous pubescence, leaving, however, glabrous black irregular patches on the elytra; head uniformly pubescent, the cheeks and face tinged with fulvous; prothorax with two dark bands, owing to the sparser pubescence; scutellum rounded at the apex, partially pubescent; elytra remotely punctured, two principal patches on the suture, one at the base, the other at the middle, between them three or four slender transverse lines, posteriorly a few spots forming an indefinite longitudinal line on each side of the suture; body
T 2
beneath with an uniform bright-fulvous pile; legs and antennæ with a delicate greyish pubescence.
Length (♀) 16 lines.
Nemphas lethalis. (Pl. XIII. fig. 2.)
N. niger, pube brevi fumea tectus; elytris ferrugineo-plagiatis.
Hab.—Morty.
Black, rather thinly covered with a short smoke-coloured pubescence; head and prothorax uniformly pubescent; the latter with the transverse grooves nearly obsolete; scutellum narrowly triangular; elytra sparingly punctured, each with three large rusty-brown patches, very nearly forming bands, but interrupted at the suture and more or less broken up at the sides, also a few smaller spots posteriorly; body beneath, antennæ and legs black, shining, clothed with a very thin ashy pubescence.
Length (♂) 14 lines.
PELARGODERUS.
Pelargoderus, Serville, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1835, p. 72.
Rhamses, J. Thomson, Arch. Ent. i. 177.
Caput exsertum, antice quadratum, tuberibus antenniferis validis, suberectis. Oculi mediocres. Antennæ (♂) longissimæ; scapo incrassato, valde cicatricoso; articulo tertio duplo longiore; quarto fere tertio æquali; quinto, sexto et septimo gradatim longioribus; octavo, nono et decimo multo brevioribus, ultimo elongato; (♀) articulo tertio longiore, cæteris gradatim decrescentibus. Prothorax oblongus, lateribus paulo ampliatis et plus minusve dentatis vel spinosis. Elytra subtrigonata (♂), sub-parallela (♀), apicibus rotundatis vel paulo angulatis. Pedes elongati, præsertim antici; femora linearia; tibiæ anticæ arcuatæ, subtus denticulatæ, apice intus dentatæ; tarsi sub-æquales, antici (♂) valde dilatati. Prosternum simplex. Mesosternum paulo elevatum.
This fine genus seems to have been misunderstood by authors, and another set referred to it, apparently in ignorance of Serville's type, while the more recently described species have been brought together by M. J. Thomson under the name of Rhamses. The principal characters distinguishing this genus from Monochamus are the long anterior legs of the males, the tibiæ of which are denticulated along the lower edge and armed near the apex with a strong tooth. With regard to the armature of the prothorax,
this is one of those genera in which the lateral tooth seems to be only of specific importance, as it varies from a mere point to a well-marked spine. All the species have the elytra granulate at the base, and the punctures rapidly disappearing towards the apex. The females as usual have fuller and more parallel elytra, with antennæ rarely more than a half as long again as the body, while in the males they are often more than three times as long.
Pelargoderus vittatus.
Serville, op. cit. p. 73.
P. nigrescens, pube subtilissima tectus; elytris vitta pubescente grisea a humeris usque ad apicem.
Hab.—Bouru (and Java).
Blackish, apparently glabrous except the stripes on the elytra, but in reality covered with an extremely short, loose pubescence scarcely distinguishable in colour from the derm; head finely punctured; prothorax slightly corrugated, the lateral tooth reduced to a point; elytra with a few granules on the base, finely and rather distantly punctured, a greyish densely-pubescent stripe extending from the shoulder to the apex; body beneath slightly nitid, and with the legs and antennæ blackish.
Length 14 lines.
The only species with a long grey stripe.
Pelargoderus Arouensis.
Rhamses Arouensis, J. Thomson, Arch. Ent. i. 446, pl. xvii. fig. 8.
P. fuscus, sparse griseo-pubescens, maculis flavescentibus indistinctis irroratus; prothorace utrinque obsolete dentato; elytris pone medium plaga fusca obliqua, apicibus angulatis.
Hab.—Aru.
Brown, with a short irregular greyish pubescence indistinctly speckled with fulvous, and behind the middle of each elytron a large oblique dark brown patch, sometimes nearly obsolete; prothorax with a very small tooth on each side; scutellum with a smooth stripe in the middle; each apex of the elytra terminating in an obtuse angle; body beneath and legs speckled as on the upper surface.
The angular apices of the elytra and the nearly obsolete prothoracic tooth are together peculiarly characteristic of this species.
Length 16 lines.
Pelargoderus Hector.
Monohammus Hector, Pascoe, Journ. of Ent. i. 343.
P. fuscus, griseo-pubescens, fulvo-maculatus; elytris pone medium macula media nigra, apicibus rotundatis.
Hab.—Ceram, Amboyna.
Brown, with a short regular greyish pubescence, speckled with fulvous, a round black spot on each elytron behind the middle; prothorax with a small but very distinct tooth on each side; scutellum with a central glabrous stripe; each elytron rounded at the apex; body beneath and legs with a yellowish-grey pubescence.
Length 18 lines.
The rounded apices of the elytra differentiates this species from the last and from the two following, which have also similar spots on the elytra.
Pelargoderus bipunctatus.
Lamia bipunctata, Schönherr, Syn. Ins. App. p. 177.
P. fuscus, pube olivacea tectus; prothorace utrinque dente parvo instructo; elytris pone medium macula rotunda nigra nitida, apicibus angulatis.
Hab.—Java.
Brown, with a short regular olive-brown pubescence, behind the middle of each elytron a round black shining spot; tooth of the prothorax small but very distinct; scutellum whitish, the centre glabrous; elytra ending at each apex in an angular point; body beneath and legs with a thin greyish pubescence; antennæ dark ferruginous.
Length 14 lines.
The type of M. J. Thomson's genus Rhamses.
Pelargoderus Alcanor.
Monohammus Alcanor, Newman, Entom. i. 277.
P. fuscus, pube pallidiore vestitus; prothorace utrinque dente minuto; elytris fulvo-irroratis, pone medium macula rotundata nitida, apicibus sub-truncatis.
Hab.—Macassar (and Manilla).
Brown, covered with a short rather dense yellowish-brown pubescence, distinctly speckled with fulvous on the elytra, each having a dark glossy round spot behind the middle; pubescence of the head and prothorax interrupted, spine on each side of the
latter small but very distinct; apices of the elytra slightly truncated obliquely on the inner side; body beneath and legs with a fulvous-brown pubescence.
Length 9—13 lines.
The apices of the elytra are less decidedly angulated in this species, and the prothorax is more cylindrical, or less rounded at the sides, than in P. bipunctatus, to which it bears a close resemblance.
Pelargoderus meleagris.
P. niger, nitidus, pube alba varius; prothorace utrinque valide dentato; elytris pone medium macula nitida, albo-annulata, apicibus sub-truncatis.
Hab.—Tondano.
Black, shining, varied with white hairy lines or patches, those on the head and prothorax forming a large kind of net-work, the intervals being glabrous and irregularly punctured; the tooth on each side of the prothorax strong and prominent; scutellum hairy, rounded behind; elytra mostly spotted with white, behind the middle a round glabrous shining spot surrounded by a white ring, near the apex another enclosed but irregular spot, apices sub-truncate; body beneath with an ochreous-white pubescence; legs and antennæ with a shorter and more scattered pubescence.
Length 14 lines.
Readily distinguished by the peculiar distribution of its pubescence.
Pelargoderus Ceramensis.
Rhamses Ceramensis, J. Thomson, Essai, &c., p. 361.
P. niger, nitidus; elytris maculis albis pubescentibus irroratis, apicibus rotundatis; prothorace utrinque dente valido.
Hab.—Ceram.
Black, shining, the elytra only with white pubescent spots; head glabrous, with small dispersed punctures; prothorax also glabrous and finely punctured, except two smooth slightly pubescent central stripes; scutellum rounded behind, white; elytra with numerous white spots, sometimes nearly absent at the base, the apices rounded; body beneath and legs black, nitid, nearly glabrous; antennæ glabrous.
Length 16 lines.
A nearly glabrous species, especially underneath.
PARAGNOMA.
Paragnoma, Blanchard, Voy. au Pôle Sud, iv. 298.
Characteres ut in Pelargodero, sed antennæ haud elongatæ, pedes antici haud elongati, tibiæ muticæ, et mesosternum elevatum.
If these characters apply to the male the genus is perhaps a good one; otherwise the few specimens I have seen, as well as the figure given by M. Blanchard, might very well pass for females of a species of the previous genus. They are particularly like the female of Pelargoderus Arouensis.
Paragnoma acuminipennis.
Blanchard, l. c., pl. xvii. fig. 9.
P. brunnea, maculis pubescentibus ochraceis irrorata; elytris pone medium macula magna obliqua pallida, antice fusco-marginata; apicibus spinosis, suturam versus excisis.
Hab.—Aru.
Reddish-brown, shining, sprinkled with ochraceous pubescent spots; head with a large pubescent buff-coloured patch beneath each eye; prothorax with obscure stripes on the disk, the lateral tooth reduced to a nearly obsolete point; scutellum dark brown in the middle; elytra spotted with ochraceous, behind the middle a large oblique pale-ochraceous patch, bordered anteriorly with brown, the apex of each elytron spined, but emarginate towards the suture; body beneath and legs closely spotted with ochraceous; antennæ yellowish-brown, about a third longer than the body.
Length 11 lines.
PROTEMNEMUS.
Protemnemus, J. Thomson, Syst. Ceramb. p. 81.
Caput mediocre, clypeo fere truncato; tuberibus antenniferis validis, basi approximatis. Oculi magni. Antennæ elongatæ, scapo cylindrico, apice. sub-cicatricoso; articulo tertio scapo multo longiore; sequentibus, ultimo excepto, gradatim brevioribus. Prothorax inæqualis, lateraliter valde spinosus. Elytra modice elongata, supra planata, humeris dentata, lateribus subito declivia et spinis armata, apicibus bispinosa. Pedes validi, elongati; femora sub-linearia; tibiæ anticæ cæteris vix longiores; tarsi sub-æquales. Prosternum simplex. Mesosternum elevatum, dentatum.
Olivier described and figured the type species of this genus many years ago, but until Mr. Wallace sent it to England with two new species, it remained otherwise unknown. The genus is remarkable for the almost perfect flatness of the disk of the elytra, which is suddenly, bent down at the sides at a right angle (less marked however in P. lima), and the sharp ridge thus formed is furnished with a row of short sharply-pointed spines, and at the sides or above with more spines. These species appear to be very rare; I have only seen them in my own collection.
Protemnemus scabrosus.
Cerambyx scabrosus, Olivier, Ent. iv. no. 67, p. 8, pl. x. fig. 70.
P. brunneus, pube squamiformi rufo-grisea tectus; elytris valde planatis, ante medium paulo transversim excavatis, angulo discoidali acuto, ad latera versus apicem plaga magna rufo-fusca.
Hab.—Saylee, Dorey.
Reddish-brown, closely covered with a scale-like reddish-grey pubescence, and with small partially erect hairs scattered amongst it; head dark brown behind the eyes; prothorax very irregular, with three especially well-marked tubercles, coarsely granulate, the granules dull black, nearly concealed by the pubescence, and with a deep preapical transverse groove; scutellum small, angular, transverse; elytra very flat above, somewhat concave between the base and middle, a few spines on each side of the scutellum forming a kind of crest, and five or six on each side in a line with the discoidal angle, which is furnished with about a dozen of them, another line of spines on the declivity of the side and a few at the shoulder; the discoidal angle, terminating abruptly beyond the middle, is succeeded by a large, somewhat triangular, brown patch, which extends nearly to the apex; body beneath and legs with a close brownish-yellow pubescence, speckled with single hairs of a paler colour scattered amongst it as on the back; the legs, especially the femora, are also marked with numerous short nitid raised lines, in some parts mixed with granules; this mixed kind of pubescence, together with the lines and granules, are also found on the three basal joints of the antennæ, but on the remainder the pubescence is uniformly close, and greyish on a pale testaceous-brown surface.
Length 18 lines; of the antennæ (♂) 33 lines, (♀) 24 lines.
Protemnemus lima.
P. fuscus, ampliatus (♀ ?), pube squamiformi obscure-grisea tectus; elytris planatis, medio paulo convexis, angulo discoidali minus acuto, ad latera versus apicem plaga magna fusca.
Hab.—Goram.
This specimen is a female, and compared with the female of the preceding species it differs in its larger size with much larger elytra proportionally, duller pubescence with less scale-like hairs, the elytra slightly convex along the middle of the flattened part, the discoidal angle less prominent, with fewer spines generally, and the legs and antennæ with fewer and less prominently raised lines, with no admixture of granules, except perhaps a few on the scape.
Length 23 lines; of the antennæ (♀) 32.
Protemnemus pristis.
P. fuscus, dense pubescens, albidus, griseo-nebulosus; elytris planatis, in medio paulo convexis, angulo discoidali acuto, spina externa apicali producta.
Hab.—Aru.
Narrower than the preceding, dark brown, closely covered with a whitish pubescence faintly clouded with grey, the sides much darker; head and prothorax speckled with a few glabrous black spots, the latter less rugose and without the preapical transverse groove of the other species; scutellum small, sub-scutiform; elytra finely punctured, the flattened part slightly convex along the suture, with fewer spines than P. scabrosus, and without the brown patch, the outer spine at the apex produced; body beneath and legs more sparsely pubescent, brownish-grey, the latter and the antennæ with raised lines and granules as in P. scabrosus.
Length 14 lines.
PERIAPTODES.
Characteres ut in Protemnemo, sed elytra sub-depressa, haud planata, lateribus rotundatis, inermibus, apicibus solis extus spinosis.
From Monochamus this genus, like Protemnemus, differs in its large eyes, the lower lobe being nearly contiguous to the mouth, and its toothed mesosternum. The three species described below are unfortunately in each case limited to a single specimen, and
are nearly allied, especially the first two. Like Protemnemus they are all furnished above with a greyish scale-like pubescence not quite covering the dark-brown derm beneath. The antennæ of the male are a little longer than those of the female.
Periaptodes lictor. (Pl. XIV. fig. 3.)
P. griseatus; prothorace haud rugoso, longitudine latitudini æquali; elytris sub-angustatis, humeris dente transverso instructis, granulis minutis vage dispersis; scapo antennarum haud rugoso.
Hab.—Dorey.
Covered above with minute uniformly arranged greyish scales; head rather narrow, the pubescence in front hairlike; prothorax not broader than the head, about equal in length and breadth, exclusive of the long narrow lateral spine which arises from a small base, the disk tolerably equal and without granules; scutellum triangular, covered with a buff tomentum; elytra rather narrow, the base with a large brown cordate blotch, common to both, an oblique brownish band, shading off insensibly behind, beginning near the shoulder and terminating at the suture about the middle, a few minute granules anteriorly, and here and there a pale grey setulose hair, the tooth at the shoulder small and transverse, the spine at the obliquely truncated apex produced; body beneath chesnut-red, with a coarse grey pubescence, the pale setulose hairs more numerous, the legs and three basal joints of the antennæ furnished with pubescence of the same character but more dense, the remainder of the antennæ densely pubescent without the setulose hairs.
Length 12 lines.
Periaptodes testator.
P. griseatus; prothorace haud rugoso, longitudine quam latitudine paulo breviori; elytris vix angustatis, humeris dente obliquo instructis, granulis minutis vage dispersis; scapo haud rugoso.
Hab.—Dorey.
Broader than the last; the prothorax slightly transverse, the scutellum glabrous in the middle, the humeral tooth directed obliquely forwards, the blotch at the base bilobed, and the apex nearly transversely truncate, are the principal characters which differentiate this species from P. lictor.
Length 15 lines.
Periaplodes luctator.
P. griseatus; prothorace sub-transverso, granulato; elytris ampliatis, humeris leviter dentatis, haud granulatis; scapo rugoso.
Hab.—Ceram.
Much larger and stouter than the two preceding, from which it also differs in the following particulars: no setulose hairs on the upper surface, and no granules on the elytra, the prothorax sub-transverse, with several dull black granules on the disk and on the base of the lateral spines, the humeral tooth very small, the blotch at the base transversely reniform, the apex broadly truncate with the outer spine short, and the scape rough from the presence of small, mostly transverse, raised lines.
Length 18 lines.
EPICEDIA.
Epicedia, J. Thomson, Syst. Ceramb. p. 78.
Caput magnum, antice transversum; clypeo in medio emarginato; tuberibus antenniferis crassis, basi sub-approximatis. Oculi mediocres, lobo inferiori obliquo. Antennæ corpori æquales; scapo valido, cylindrico, apice cicatricoso; articulo tertio scapum haud superante; sequentibus gradatim brevioribus. Prothorax inæqualis, lateraliter spinosus. Elytra convexa, robusta, basi sub-cristata, apice rotundata. Pedes mediocres, sub-æquales; femora sub-linearia; tarsi æquales. Prosternum simplex. Mesosternum elevatum, dentatum.
The following species, known in collections as "Leprodera pleuricausta, de Haan," and described under that name by M. Thomson, has been recently separated by that author as the type of this genus, chiefly on account of its shorter antennæ. To this may be added that the head is considerably broader in front and not dilated beneath the eyes, the lower lobe of the eye is smaller and oblique, and the elytra have basal crests. The original examples were from Java.
Epicedia Carcelii.
Lamia Carcelii, Guérin, in Belanger, Voy. Ind. Or. Zool. p. 491, pl. vii. fig. 7 (1834).
Leprodera pleuricosta, J. Thomson, Arch. Ent. i. 179 (1857).
E. nigra, pube brunneo-grisea tecta; elytris singulis plaga maxima fusca lateraliter ornatis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Black, with a delicate clear brownish-grey pubescence; head very rough in front and between the eyes; prothorax with numerous small sharply-defined elevations; scutellum semicircular; elytra granulate at the base, a small indistinct brown spot at the end of each basal crest, and a very large clear brown patch on each side posteriorly; body beneath with a scanty brownish pubescence; legs and antennæ black, nearly glabrous.
Length 14 lines.
LEPRODERA.
Leprodera, J. Thomson, Arch. Ent. i. 177.
Caput magnum, infra oculos dilatatum, clypeo late sinuato; tuberibus antenniferis validis. Oculi mediocres, lobo inferiori transverso. Antennæ elongatæ; scapo robusto, sub-cylindrico, apice sæpe producto, valde cicatricoso; articulo tertio scapo longiore, aliquando plumoso; sequentibus gradatim decrescentibus, ultimo (♂) præcedente longiori. Prothorax supra transversim plicatus, utrinque valde spinosus. Elytra ampliata, basi haud cristata, apicibus rotundatis. Pedes elongati, antici (♂) longiores; femora sub-incrassata; tibiæ anticæ intus dentatæ; tarsi sub-æquales. Prosternum simplex vel paulo elevatum. Mesosternum dentatum.
Leprodera plagiata, Thoms., on account of its narrower head and oblique eyes, scarcely enters into this genus as it is here defined, yet these are the characters which principally cut it off from Epicedia; as a secondary character it may be mentioned that the elytra are without basal crests, and therefore on the whole it will better fit into the present genus. All the species have a dark brown or blackish derm, uniformly covered with a greyish or fulvous-grey pubescence, and the brown bands and spots are composed of a very dense cloth-like pubescence without any gloss.
Leprodera equestris. (Pl. XIV. fig. 6.)
(?) Leprodera elongata, J. Thomson, Arch. Ent. i. 177.
L. fulvescens; prothorace transversim lineato; elytris fascia lata ante medium et plaga magna laterali fuscis, fulvidomarginatis; antennis lævigatis, articulo tertio apice subtus plumoso.
Hab.—Penang, Sarawak.
Pubescence greyish-fulvous; head finely punctured (not granulated as in L. elongata, according to M. Thomson); prothorax
transverse, with delicate transverse raised lines; prothorax rounded behind; elytra granulated at the base, finely punctured beyond, a broad dark brown band before the middle, and a large triangular patch of the same colour on each side between the band and apex, both narrowly bordered with a clear fulvous line; body beneath and legs with a sparse greyish pile; antennæ about a third longer than the body, blackish, the basal half of nearly all the joints ashy, the third with a thick dark-brown plume beneath.
Length 17 lines.
Leprodera verrucosa.
L. fulvescens; prothorace transversim sub-lineato; elytris fascia lata ante medium et plaga magna laterali fuscis, fulvido-marginatis; antennis verrucosis, haud plumosis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Pubescence inclining to fulvous; head minutely punctured; prothorax with a few slight transverse raised lines, almost obsolete except in the middle; scutellum rounded behind; elytra granulate at the base, the small punctures beyond almost obliterated on the band and patches, which are of precisely the same character as those of the preceding species; body beneath and legs with a sparse brownish-grey pile; antennæ as far as the eighth joint covered with numerous small close-set warty granules, gradually becoming more elongate on the fifth and succeeding joints, and on those joints ceasing near the apex.
Length 18 lines; of the antennæ (♂) 42 lines.
Leprodera fimbriata.
Chevrolat, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1856, p. 87.
L. grisea vel fulvo-grisea; prothorace haud transversim lineato; elytris singulis biplagiatis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Pubescence greyish or fulvous-grey; head rugose in front; prothorax irregularly impressed with two or three larger oblique lines, in addition to the usual apical and basal grooves; elytra with a few granules at the base, the rest minutely punctulate, each with two large lateral blotches, bordered with a fine line of fulvous; body beneath and legs thinly pubescent; antennæ somewhat rugosely punctured at the base, those of the female not much longer than the body.
Length 14—20 lines.
Leprodera epicedioides.
L. pube sparsa grisescente tecta; prothorace rugoso-punctato, vix transversim sulcato; elytris singulis ad latera uniplagiatis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Pubescence sparse, greyish; head remotely punctured in front; prothorax rather narrow, rugosely punctured and impressed, the apical and basal grooves indistinct; scutellum broadly rounded behind; elytra granulate at the base, the punctures beyond gradually disappearing at the middle, a large brown blotch, the greater part of which is behind the middle, and bordered with ochreous on each side; body beneath and legs with a dark ochreous pile; antennæ brown, sparingly pubescent, the scape rather rugose.
Length 15 lines.
A single specimen in my collection, standing under the name of Leprodera vaticina, has a striking resemblance to this species, but is much smaller (9 lines), has a narrower prothorax and the head almost quadrate in front, and the close cloth-like pubescence of the brown elytral patch of the above is replaced by very minute short flattish hairs imperfectly covering the derm. Mr. Wallace however ticketed it and the above with the same number.
Leprodera plagiata.
J. Thomson, Arch. Ent. i. 178.
L. brunneo-grisea; prothorace rugoso, sulcis transversis indistinctis; elytris singulis plaga maxima rotundata et postice plagis duabus lateralibus fuscis ornatis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Brownish-grey, closely pubescent; vertex and front remotely punctured; prothorax rugose, the transverse grooves not distinctly separable from the other grooved lines; scutellum rather narrow; elytra finely and remotely punctured, the shoulders only granulate, a large round spot occupying nearly the whole of the anterior half of the elytra, and a large patch on each side posteriorly, faintly bordered with ochreous; body beneath and legs with a reddish-brown pubescence, the middle of the abdomen nearly glabrous; antennæ dark brown.
Length 13 lines.
HIMANTOCERA.
Imantocera, J. Thomson, Arch. Ent. i. 188; Essai &c., p. 102
Caput exsertum, antice breve, clypeo apice lato; tuberibus antenniferis crassis, divergentibus. Oculi mediocres, normales. Antennæ corpore paulo longiores; scapo obconico, apice valde cicatricoso; articulo tertio scapo multo longiore; quarto tertio breviore, apice lobato-producto et barbato; sequentibus brevibus. Prothorax (♂) latitudine longior, utrinque valde armatus. Elytra breviuscula, ovata, supra sub-planata, basi granulato-cristata, apicibus rotundatis. Pedes validi, antici (♂) longiores; femora incrassata; tibiæ anticæ subarcuatæ, in utroque sexu apice intus dentatæ; tarsi antici dilatati, (♂) piloso-marginatis. Prosternum simplex. Mesosternum dentatum.
M. Thomson in his "Essai" places this genus after Leprodera, but in his "Systema" he puts it with the "Gnomitæ." The species briefly described by Hope (penicillata) was simply referred by him to "Lamia," and seems to have been the type of M. Thomson's genus. One of Mr. Wallace's specimens from Flores has a more uniform colour than the others, all of which appear to have been taken in Borneo and to belong to Olivier's species. Another species, described by myself (Journ. Entom. i. 344), is sufficiently distinguished by, inter alia, the greater comparative length of the third, fourth and fifth joints of the antennæ.
Himantocera plumosa.
Cerambyx plumosus, Olivier, Ent. iv. no. 67, p. 98, pl. xx. fig. 152 (nec Thomson).
H. fusca, maculis ochraceis irrorata; antennis articulo quinto præcedente dimidio breviori, sex ultimis omnino grisescentibus.
Hab.—Sarawak, Singapore, Flores.
Shortly pubescent, dark brown, thickly speckled with ochreous, especially on the elytra; head and prothorax impunctate; scutellum ochreous; elytra with a slightly curved line of shining granules at the base between the shoulder and suture; antennæ with a greyish pubescence, the apices of the first, third, fourth and fifth joints, and the plume on the fourth, dark brown, the rest of the joints uniformly pale greyish; legs brownish-grey, varied with brown.
Length 10 lines.
PSAROMAIA.
Caput antice sub-quadratum; clypeo distincto, brevissimo. Oculi magni, profunde emarginati, lobo inferiore rotundato. Antennæ corpore paulo longiores, validæ scapo sub-cylindrico, cicatricoso; articulo tertio longiore; cæteris sensim brevioribus; ultimo apiculato. Prothorax transversus, utrinque fortiter spinosus, basi truncatus. Elytra breviuscula, cylindrica, humeris ampliatis, apicibus truncatis. Pedes validi; femora sub-incrassata; tibiæ fere rectæ, anticæ breviores; tarsi sub-æquales, paulo dilatati, articulo ultimo elongato. Prosternum simplex. Mesosternum elevatum, antice dentatum.
The large lower lobe of the eye and the comparatively short and thickened antennæ are the most prominent characters of this genus, which does not seem to have any very obvious affinities.
Psaromaia tigrina. (Pl. XIII. fig. 3.)
P. dense pubescens, fulvo-grisea, fusco- et ochraceo-varia; antennis annulatis.
Hab.—Java.
Derm dark brown, covered with a dense tawny-grey pubescence, varied on the elytra with dark brown and speckled posteriorly with ochraceous; head entirely tawny; prothorax slightly depressed on the disk, the centre with a black glabrous spot, and a few small glabrous spots on each side behind, transverse grooves at the apex and base moderately impressed; scutellum triangular; elytra coarsely punctured at the base, punctures smaller and more scattered towards the middle, apices sub-truncate, spots of brown and yellow indefinite, but the former assuming here and there a tessellated appearance; body beneath and legs brownish-tawny; antennæ tawny, the apices of all the joints except the first and second dark brown.
Length 13 lines.
ANHAMMUS.
Anhammus, J. Thomson, Essai &c., p. 97.
Caput antice quadratum; tuberibus antenniferis validissimis, suberectis. Oculi mediocres, infra sub-angustati. Antennæ (♂) longissimæ; scapo cylindrico; articulis tertio et sequentibus longioribus et sub-æqualibus. Prothorax sub-quadratus, utrinque fortiter spinosus. Elytra elongata, apicem versus
VOL. III. THIRD SERIES, PART III.—SEPT. 1866. U
angustiora; humeris dentatis. Pedes elongati, antici (♂) longiores; femora sub-linearia; tibiæ anticæ (♂) curvatæ, cæteræ rectæ; tarsi fere æquales, articulo ultimo mediocri. Pro- et meso-sterna simplicia.
M. Thomson contrasts this genus with Mœcha, belonging according to that author to another "subdivision;" latterly, however, he has recognized its position near Dihammus, from which, as it appears to me, it differs principally in its toothed shoulders.
Anhammus Dalenii.
Monochamus Dalenii, Guérin, Icon. Reg. An. Ins. p. 242.
A. niger, fulvo-griseo-pubescens; elytris nitidis, maculis pubescentibus fulvo-griseis ornatis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Black, covered except on the elytra with a short fulvous-grey pubescence; eye and apex of the prothorax bordered with ochraceous; scutellum pubescent; elytra dark brown or black, shining, spotted with fulvous-grey, the spots more or less connected at the middle and apex so as to form two irregular bands, the base with numerous black glossy granules; antennæ black, glabrous except at the base, nearly four times as long as the body in the male.
Length 30 lines.
DIHAMMUS.
Dihammus, J. Thomson, Syst. Ceramb. p. 80.
Caput antice transversum; clypeo indistincto; tuberibus antenniferis validis, sub-erectis. Oculi infra ampliati, distantes. Antennæ (♂) longissimæ; scapo obconico; articulo tertio duplo longiore; 4°, 5°, 6° æqualibus; cæteris gradatim longioribus; (♀) articulis brevioribus. Prothorax transversus, capite haud latior, lateribus in spinam magnam productis. Elytra sub-trigonata, (♀ ovata), apicibus truncatis. Pedes elongati, antici longiores; femora sub-linearia; tibiæ anticæ curvatæ, cæteræ rectæ; tarsi sub-æquales, articulo ultimo mediocri. Pro- et meso-sterna simplicia.
Differs from Nemophas and Anhammus in its short transverse head, conjoined with the larger and squarish form of the lower portion of the eye; from the former genus it is also distinguished by its longer and curved anterior tibiæ in the males, but taking
some of the species of Monochamus into account—M. musivus for example—I scarcely see how Dihammus can be differentiated from it.
Dihammus longicornis.
Monochamus longicornis, J. Thomson, Arch. Ent. i. 444.
D. fuscus, pube obscure grisea sparse tectus; elytris basi albobimaculatis.
Hab.—Aru, Saylee.
Dark brown, with a thin dull-greyish pubescence, a white oblique dash on each side of the scutellum; face, tibiæ and first three joints of the antennæ spotted with brown; head finely punctured; prothorax with the punctures more crowded; elytra with numerous fine punctures at the base, disappearing beyond the middle; body beneath and thighs slightly spotted with brown.
Length 22 lines; of the antennæ (♂) 6 inches.
The profemora of the male are remarkable on account of their deeply-grooved inner surface.
Dihammus rarus.
Monochamus rarus, J. Thomson, Arch. Ent. i. 445.
D. fuscus, pube albida vel ochracea tectus; prothorace vittis elytrisque plagis fuscis ornatis.
Hab.—Aru.
Brown, pubescence short, dense, whitish or yellowish blotched with brown; head and prothorax dark brown, with four whitish or yellowish stripes, the two outer united between the eyes, disk of the prothorax with a few small pitted tubercles; scutellum transverse; elytra with a large blotch at the base, another at the shoulder, another in the middle, and a smaller blotch near the apex; body beneath with a fulvous pubescence; legs and antennæ brown.
Length 16—18 lines.
BLEPEPHÆUS.
Caput mediocre, antice sub-quadratum; tuberibus antenniferis validis, divergentibus. Oculi mediocres. Antennœ corpore longiores; scapo valido, apice angulato; articulo tertio recto, longiore; cæteris gradatim brevioribus. Prothorax parvus, quadratus, utrinque fortiter dentatus, haud sulcatus, basi truncatus. Elytra sub-depressa, apicem versus sensim
U 2
angustiora. Pedes mediocres; femora sub-incrassata; tibiœ rectæ, anticæ breviores; tarsi sub-æquales, dilatati, articulo ultimo cæteris breviore. Prosternum simplex. Mesosternum elevatum, antice dentatum.
The type of this genus was referred by M. Chevrolat to Monochamus, to which, however, as with many others for which that genus has been the receptacle, it has only a general resemblance, radically differing from it in the elevated and toothed mesosternum.
Blepephæus succinctor.
Monohammus succinctor, Chevrolat, Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1852, p. 417.
B. dense pubescens, griseus vel aliquando cinereus, fusco-varius; elytris medio biplagiatis; antennis annulatis.
Hab.—Malacca.
Densely pubescent, varying from greyish to ashy, or greyish with ashy patches, and blotched with brown from the lightest shades to nearly black; head nearly unicolorous; prothorax with two dorsal stripes; scutellum triangular; elytra generally brown at the base, a large dark spot on each side directly behind the middle, and a fainter patch nearer the apex, several small granules also at the base; body beneath brownish-grey; legs with the apices of the tibiæ sometimes dark brown; antennæ brown, the six or seven intermediate joints grey at the base.
Length 12 lines.
MONOCHAMUS.
Monochamus, Serville, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. iv. 91.
Caput exsertum, antice sub-transversum vel fere sub-quadratum; tuberibus antenniferis validis, divergentibus, basi approximatis. Oculi mediocres, infra distantes. Antennœ elongatæ; scapo cylindrico, apice valde cicatricoso; articulo tertio scapo duplo vel triplo longiore; quarto et quinto brevioribus; cæteris sub-æqualibus, ultimo aliquando excepto. Prothorax sub-transversus, lateraliter fortiter dentatus. Elytra oblonga, sub-depressa, apicibus rotundatis, aliquando sub-truncatis vel spinosis. Pedes antici (♂) elongati; protibiæ arcuatæ, haud dentatæ; tarsi articulo basali sub-elongato. Mesosternum simplex.
The Malayan species of this genus have a strong general
resemblance inter se, different from its European and American exponents. I have sought in vain, however, for any character to distinguish them. They appear to vary greatly within the narrow limits of their characters, and it is very difficult to say how far some of these may be permanent. As it is I have here and there "lumped" several individuals under one species that appear to have a primâ facie specific position. They may be divided into sections according to the character of the apices of their elytra; there seems reason, however, to believe that even here there are certain modifications in the same species, so that this character can only be relied on approximatively.
§ Apices of the elytra nearly entire.
Monochamus fistulator.
Lamia fistulator, Germar, Ins. Spec. Nov. p. 478.
M. piceus, omnino griseo-pubescens; scapo apicem versus incrassato; prothorace punctis minutis perpaucis notato, disco regulari; elytris pube æquali tectis, apicibus subtruncatis.
Hab.—Java, Timor, Malacca, Borneo, Bouru, Makian (and India, Ceylon, Queensland).
Pitchy, everywhere covered with an uniform greyish, or yellowish-grey pubescence, the scutellum generally paler; face with a few large scattered punctures, none on the vertex or cheeks; prothorax with a very few minute punctures on each side near the base, the disk nearly equal; scutellum nearly as long as broad, rounded posteriorly, the pubescence coarser; elytra covered with numerous small punctures, apices obliquely sub-truncate, or very nearly rounded in some individuals; antennæ frequently brownishtestaceous, three times the length of the body in the males, the scape short and very considerably thicker towards the apex; intermediate and posterior femora scarcely thickened in the middle.
Length 10—12 lines.
Monochamus defector.
M. rufo-piceus, omnino griseo-pubescens; scapo sub-cylindrico; elytris pube æquali tectis, apicibus rotundatis.
Hab.—Singapore.
Closely resembling M. fistulator, but the scape is more slender and cylindrical and very slightly thicker towards the apex, all the femora are considerably shorter, and the intermediate and posterior are as much incrassated as the anterior.
Length 8 lines.
Monochamus tarsalis.
M. brunneus, dense pubescens, griseatus; scapo apicem versus modice incrassato; scutello transverso; elytris fusco-irroratis, versus suturam sub-seriatim punctatis, apicibus rotundatis; femoribus medio incrassatis, tarsis cinereis.
Hab.—Singapore.
Pale reddish-brown, having a short close dull-greyish pubescence with numerous small brown blotches on the elytra; head and prothorax sparingly punctured, the vertex impunctate; scutellum transverse, yellowish; elytra towards the suture sub-seriate punctate, apices rounded; body beneath and legs with a thin greyish pile; femora short and thickened in the middle; tibiæ with a pale yellowish tinge; tarsi ashy; antennæ testaceousbrown, with a thin greyish pile, the scape gradually thickened upwards to within a short distance of the apex.
Length 8 lines.
This is one of the most distinct of the species here described, and will be at once recognized by its transverse scutellum; the coloration will probably be variable.
Monochamus productus.
M. piceus, supra pube grisea interrupta tectus; prothorace postice vage punctato, disco sub-bituberculato; elytris maculis glabris dispersis, apicibus oblique truncatis.
Hab.—Bouru.
Pitchy, the pubescence on the elytra dotted with numerous partially glabrous spots; in other respects this species resembles the preceding, but the prothorax has larger and more dispersed punctures and two flattish tubercles on the disk, the scutellum is more triangular, and the apices of the elytra are more decidedly truncate; in the male the antennæ are three times, in the female twice the length of the body.
Length 13 lines.
Monochamus musivus.
Pascoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1866, p. 251.
M. fuscus, pube densa brunnescente tectus; elytris sparse albido- vel cinereo-irroratis; scutello pallide griseo, apice rotundato; elytris apicibus rotundatis vel fere sub-truncatis; scapo modice elongato, obconico.
Hab.—Malacca, Borneo, Tondano.
Dark, pubescence varying from pale brownish-ochre to dark
chesnut-brown, spotted on the elytra with whitish or ashy; face with a few scattered punctures, the vertex impunctate; prothorax sparingly punctured, the punctures confined to the basal half; scutellum subscutiform, rounded at the apex; elytra rather finely punctured, the apices rounded or sometimes slightly sub-truncate; body beneath ochreous or ochreous-grey; legs and antennæ varying from ochreous-grey to ashy, the latter more than twice as long as the body.
Length 7—13 lines.
Monochamus variolaris.
M. brunneus, pube densa grisea tectus; scapo spinam prothoracis attingente; elytris angustis (♂), vage punctatis, humeris paulo productis, apicibus fere rotundatis.
Hab.—Dorey, Mysol.
Reddish-brown, with a close grey pubescence varying accordin to the light, and having a spotted appearance; face with a few scattered punctures, a few also on the vertex; prothorax with few punctures; elytra narrow in the male, produced at the shoulder, rather remotely punctured, the apices nearly rounded; body beneath and legs with a thinner pubescence; antennæ brownishtestaceous, finely pubescent, the scape elongate, extending to the spine of the prothorax, contracted a little below the apex.
Length 9 lines.
Monochamus litigiosus.
M. piceus, dense griseo-pubescens; scapo spinam prothoracis attingente; elytris fusco-nebulosis, humeris vix productis, apicibus oblique sub-truncatis.
Hab.—Aru.
Pitchy-brown, with a close greyish or ashy opake pile; few punctures on the face, more on the vertex, which has a slight golden hue; prothorax sparingly punctured; elytra rather remotely punctured, scarcely produced at the shoulders, the apices sub-truncate, blotched with brown, especially in the middle; body beneath and legs with a close ochreous-grey pubescence; antennæ testaceous-brown, finely pubescent, the scape elongate, extending to the spine of the prothorax.
Length 9—10 lines.
The longer scape distinguishes this species and the preceding from their congeners. Between themselves they are at once diffe-
rentiated by the blotched and opake pubescence of the one contrasted with the varying subnitid pubescence of the other.
Monochamus feralis.
M. fuscus, opacus, pube sparsa tectus; scapo brevi, incrassato; elytris sub-griseatis, basi, fascia postmediana, apiceque fuscis, apicibus fere transversim sub-truncatis.
Hab.—Flores.
Brown, rather thinly covered with an opake dull greyish or brownish pubescence; head and prothorax with few punctures; scutellum paler; elytra remotely punctured, apices nearly transversely sub-truncate, dull brownish-grey, the base, the band nearly behind the middle, and the apical portion dull brown, these colours obscurely limited, the grey slightly spotting the brown and the brown more decidedly blotching the grey; body beneath and legs with a pale-ochreous pubescence, the tibiæ somewhat hairy; antennæ brownish, the scape thick, scarcely extending beyond the apex of the prothorax.
Length 9 lines.
Monochamus tincturatus.
M. fuscus, breviter pubescens, rufo-fuscus, griseo-irroratus; scapo apicem versus incrassato; elytris angustis (♂), apicibus oblique sub-truncatis.
Hab.—Waigiou.
Brown, with a short dark reddish-brown pubescence, blotched or spotted with greyish; vertex impunctate; face and prothorax with very few punctures; scutellum brownish; elytra narrow in the male, finely punctured, apices obliquely sub-truncate; body beneath and legs with a very delicate greyish pile, varying according to the light; antennæ pale greyish, the scape short and obconical.
Length 9—10 lines.
In one specimen the basal half of the elytra is almost entirely dark reddish-brown, in another the shoulders and portions of the shoulders are grey, and elsewhere the grey has a more spotted appearance.
§ § Apices of the elytra shortly toothed externally.
Monochamus magneticus.
M. pube sericea tectus; elytris argenteo-mutantibus, apicibus sub-oblique truncatis, angulo exteriore vix producto.
Hab.—Ceram, Aru?
Covered with a short silky pubescence, varying according to the light; head and prothorax yellowish-grey, with few punctures, none on the vertex; the prothorax with a slightly elevated median line; scutellum semicircular; elytra irregularly punctured, the pubescence greyish, with irregular patches, brown or silvery according to the light, the apices slightly obliquely truncate, the external angle forming a very short but distinct tooth; body beneath and legs with a close yellowish-grey pile; antennæ three or four times as long as the body, reddish-brown with a short greyish pubescence, the scape moderately thickened upwards.
Length 10 lines.
A specimen from Aru, which may be the female, differs in having a much less silky pubescence, and the apices of the elytra show no vestige of a tooth. I have seen a similar specimen in the British Museum, ticketed "M. holotephrus, Bois.," but that author describes the prothorax as having "plusieurs rides transverses," and the description is in other respects dubious.
Monochamus convexus.
M. piceus, pube opaca grisea tectus; elytris convexiusculis, leviter punctatis, apicibus sub-sinuatis, angulis suturali et exteriore paulo productis.
Hab.—Kaioa.
Pitchy-brown, with an opake grey pubescence; head rather broad in front, the eyes less approximate, the vertex impunctate; prothorax very short and transverse, a slight prominence on the centre, a few punctures behind it almost obsolete; scutellum nearly semicircular; elytra rather more convex than usual, finely punctured, the apices somewhat broadly sinuate, each angle a little produced; body beneath and legs pubescent, slightly silky, greyish; antennæ pubescent, greyish, nearly twice as long as the body (♀), the scape much thicker towards the apex.
Length 12 lines.
Monochamus viator.
M. rufo-brunneus, pube griseo-mutante tectus; elytris apicibus oblique truncatis, angulo exteriore obtuse producto; antennis pedibusque testaceis.
Hab.—Matabello.
Light reddish-brown, with a thin short greyish pubescence
varying according to the light; head and prothorax with very few punctures, the anterior transverse groove of the latter obsolete in the middle; scutellum semicircular; elytra with greyish patches in consequence of a more condensed pubescence, but varying with the light, apices obliquely truncate, the outer angle obtuse; body beneath brown, legs and antennæ testaceous, all with a fine greyish pubescence, scape gradually thickened as far as the middle, cylindrical beyond.
Length 6 lines.
§ § § Apices of the elytra terminating in an acute spine externally.
Monochamus captiosus.
M. fuscescens, pube sericea brevi tectus; elytris griseo-mutantibus, apicibus truncatis, angulo exteriore in spinam longam producto; antennis annulatis.
Hab.—Dorey, Menado, Kaioa.
Brownish, covered with a short silky pubescence; head and prothorax with few punctures, the latter with a slightly raised central line; scutellum semicircular; elytra with small patches, greyish or brownish according to the light, and having a slightly oblique direction downwards towards the suture, the apices truncate, the outer angle produced into a spine, the length of which is nearly equal to the breadth of the truncature; body beneath and legs reddish-testaceous with a greyish pile; antennæ three times as long as the body, testaceous, pubescent, tips and bases of the joints dark brown; scape moderately thickened upwards.
Length 8 lines.
A minute analysis of the three specimens I have here brought together as one species would necessitate a separate description of each; and this remark might be applied to other species of this very variable genus.
Monochamus anxius.
M. rufo-testaceus, pube grisea nebulosa brevissima tectus; elytris leviter punctatis, postice fere obsoletis, apicibus truncatis, intus sinuatis, in spinam longam externe productis; antennis sub-annulatis.
Hab.—Batchian, Bouru?, Saylee?, Gilolo?
Perhaps only a variety of M. captiosus, but different in colour, in pubescence—which is thinner, the varying grey tints forming
larger masses—and in the apices of the elytra, which are less truncate, or more sinuate, internally. The Bouru specimen has stronger punctures on the prothorax and they are distributed in a different way; the Saylee and Gilolo examples have a more opake pubescence, and the former is scarcely more than half the length of the type; there are also other differences.
Length 10 lines; the Saylee specimen 6 lines.
Monochamus argutus.
(?) Lamia fasciata, Montrouzier, Faun. de Woodlark, p. 63.
M. fuscescens, pube sericea brevi tectus; elytris griseonebulosis, extus et basin versus sat dense punctatis, apicibus truncatis, angulo exteriore producto.
Hab.—Ternate, Aru, Bouru.
Broader than M. captiosus, which it otherwise much resembles. Brownish, covered with a silky silvery-grey pubescence, more uniform on the prothorax, the lights on the elytra indistinctly interrupted by two oblique darker patches, punctures rather coarse and crowded externally towards the base (but this character is much less evident in the Aru specimen), apices truncate or sub-truncate, the outer angle more or less spinous; body beneath and legs with a thin greyish pile; antennæ testaceous, tips and bases of the joints brownish.
Length 9 lines.
Monochamus solatus.
M. validus, griseo-pubescens; prothorace fere impunctato; elytris fusco-irroratis, apicibus sat late truncatis, angulo exteriore producto.
Hab.—Makian, Batchian, (♀ Gilolo?).
Robust, brown, with a greyish pubescence; prothorax nearly impunctate, the disk with three rather prominent tubercles; scutellum rounded behind; elytra broad at the base, narrowing rather rapidly posteriorly, finely punctured, the apex rather broadly truncate, the external angle acute; body beneath and legs black, with a thin yellowish-grey pile; antennæ dark brown, pubescent, greyish, the intermediate joints with small glabrous spots.
Length 13 lines.
The female specimen from Gilolo has a nearly smooth prothorax and is without any glabrous spots on the antennæ. The Batchian example has longer spines to the apices of its elytra.
Monochamus uræus.
M. rufo-testaceus, pube subtile tectus; capitis vertice argenteo; elytris vage punctatis, apicibus oblique punctatis, extus spinoso-productis.
Hab.—Mysol, Sula.
Reddish-testaceous, with a peculiarly delicate greyish pubescence, which scarcely lends any effect to the general colour, except that it shows a somewhat silvery gloss in certain lights; head yellowish in front, silvery-white on the vertex; prothorax with few punctures; elytra with the punctures rather dispersed, apices sub-truncate, with a well-marked spine at the outer angle; body beneath and legs reddish-brown, thinly pubescent; antennæ testaceous, the tips of the intermediate joints brownish.
Length 6 lines.
There are two more very distinct species in the collection which might have entered into the old genus Monochamus, but I forbear to do more than mention their existence; one from Sarawak is much worn, the other from Singapore is only a female, and neither appears to fit into any of the genera here mentioned.
EPEPEOTES.
Epepeotes, Pascoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1866, p. 249.
Caput exsertum, antice sub-transversum; tuberibus antenniferis validis, basi approximatis. Oculi magni, supra sub-approximati, infra haud distantes, lobo inferiore sub-rotundato. Antennæ graciles; scapo cylindrico, apice haud producto, cicatricoso; articulo tertio scapo duplo vel triplo longiore; cæteris brevioribus, plus minusve æqualibus, ultimo excepto. Prothorax sub-transversus, utrinquerotundatuset fortiter dentatus; propectus sat productum. Elytra paulo depressa, apicibus truncatis. Pedes antici (♂) elongati; protibiæ arcuatæ, haud dentatæ; tarsi antici (♂) articulo basali elongato, dilatato, extus apice producto. Mesosternum elevatum, productum, carinatum vel dentatum.
I have separated this genus from Monochamus, which it otherwise much resembles, on account of the strongly produced and toothed mesosternum, and the large eyes which are much nearer together than in the former genus. The type is an old and extensively distributed species, (Lamia lusca, Fab.)
Epepeotes luscus.
Lamia lusca, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. t. i. pt. 2, p. 283.
E. fuscus, pube interrupta grisea indutns; elytris ochraceo-irroratis, basi juxta humeros macula fusca sub-ocellata.
Hab.—Malacca, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Timor, Banda, Bouru, (and India, Siam).
Brown, with an interrupted greyish pubescence, on the elytra forming by its greater density small ochreous spots; eyes surrounded with a yellowish fringe, vertex, cheeks and prothorax more or less spotted with ochreous; scutellum semicircular; elytra with five or six small shining granules on the shoulder, a dark-brown spot at the base near the shoulder, margined with greyish; body beneath and legs with a short close ochreous pile; antennæ light brown.
Length 11—12 lines.
Epepeotes fumosus.
E. fumosus, opacus, breviter pubescens; elytris fascia irregulari mediana maculisque paucis cinereis irroratis, basi macula nigra juxta humeros sita.
Hab.—Flores.
(♀) Covered with a short close pubescence of a dark sooty-black, the derm apparently of the same colour; head greyish in front, two or three grey spots behind each eye, and three on each side of the prothorax, which is slightly scored across the middle; elytra finely punctured, a few granules at the shoulder, and a black spot at the base near the shoulder, a dull ashy irregular band near the middle and a few spots of the same colour posteriorly; body beneath and legs black with an ashy pile; antennæ also with a close ashy pile, the tips of the third and succeeding joints dark brown.
Length 10 lines.
Epepeotes vestigialis.
E. fuscus, dense albido-pubescens; elytris obscure griseo- et fusco-tessellatis; capitis prothoracisque lateribus nigris.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Dark brown, pubescence close and whitish, the elytra indistinctly tessellated with greyish and brown, the latter colour owing to the lesser density of the pubescence; head with three black stripes in
front, and one behind the eye; prothorax with the disk greyish and slightly bituberculate, the sides black; scutellum semicircular; elytra with a few granules near the shoulder, finely punctured; body beneath and legs with a rather coarse greyish pile; antennæ black.
Length 12 lines, of the antennæ (♂) 32 lines.
Epepeotes diversus.
E. fuscus; capite prothoraceque subtiliter, elytris dense griseo-pubescentibus, his fusco-irroratis, singulisque maculis duabus majoribus ad latera sitis.
Hab.—Key.
Dark brown; head and prothorax thinly, the elytra closely covered with a clear greyish pubescence, on the latter very distinctly varied with small brown spots, and two large blotches on each at the sides; back of the head smoky brown, pubescence brighter round the eyes; prothorax with two indistinct tubercles on the disk; scutellum broadly obtuse behind; elytra with a few granules near the shoulder, the base distinctly punctured, but the punctures fading away towards the apex; body beneath and legs with an uniform ochreous pubescence; antennæ testaceous-brown.
Length 10 lines, of the antennæ 22 lines.
Epepeotes meridianus.
E. rufo-griseo-pubescens; prothorace in medio sublæviusculo; elytris singulis plagis duabus triangularibus fuscis ornatis.
Hab.—Java, Sumatra, Singapore, Sarawak, Tondano.
Brown, covered with a warm reddish-grey pubescence; head minutely punctured; prothorax, when the pubescence is not rubbed off, nearly smooth, a few slight punctures on each side of the median line; scutellum rounded behind; elytra more minutely punctured than in the last, a few granules on the shoulders, on each side a large brown triangular patch, the greater part a little before the middle, and behind a small triangular patch, both with one side extending along the outer margin; body beneath, legs and antennæ reddish-brown, with a very delicate grey pubescence.
Length 8—12 lines (♂).
Epepeotes plorator.
Monohammus plorator, Newman, Entom. i. 276.
E. fulvo-griseo-pubescens; prothorace antice sub-bituberculato,
in medio læviusculo; elytris singulis lateraliter plagis duabus vel tribus rotundatis nigris ornatis.
Hab.—Macassar (and Manilla).
Blackish, covered with a short fulvous-grey pubescence; head with a few minute punctures; prothorax with two round flattish tubercles anteriorly, the apical and basal grooves well marked; elytra finely punctured, a few granules on the shoulders, three brown patches (or sometimes two only) on each at the sides, occasionally speckled, principally near the suture; body beneath with a slight fulvescent pubescence; legs and antennæ black, with a delicate ashy pile.
Length 12 (♂)—9 lines (♀).
Mr. Newman's type has three dark stripes on the prothorax.
DIOCHARES.
Caput antice transversum, tuberibus antenniferis validis, basi remotis. Mandibulœ validæ. Oculi magni, lobo inferiore rotundato. Antennœ elongatæ; scapo cylindrico; articulo tertio scapo longiore; quarto, quinto, et sexto sensim brevioribus; sequentibus æqualibus, ultimo excepto elongato. Prothorax sub-transversus, lateraliter valde spinosus. Elytra ampla, humeris productis, apicibus plerumque sinuatis. Pedes validi, antici (♂) paulo longiores; femora sub-incrassata. Mesosternum dentatum.
This genus is separated from Monochamus on account of its widely-placed antennary tubers, large eyes, and toothed mesosternum; and these characters, taken together, separate it also from all other genera of Lamiinæ proposed in this work. The type was long ago described by Olivier, but does not appear to have been recognized by subsequent authors, except Fabricius, who gave it another name; it is very variable in colour. D. lugubris and D. impluviatus are described from single specimens, and it is possible that similar variations may occur in them. Monochamus ambigenus, Chev., also belongs to this genus.
Diochares fimbriatus.
Cerambyx fimbriatus, Olivier, Entom. iv. no. 67, p. 71, pl. xix. fig. 143.
Lamia lineator, Fabricius, Syst. Eleut. ii. 283.
Monohammus? Rhobetor, Newman, Entom. i. 276.
D. niger, nitidus, pube alba, vel grisea, vel cinerea, trans-
versim varia; apicibus elytrorum angulo externo in dentem producto.
Hab.—Batchian, Kaioa, Ceram, Goram, Ternate, Makian, Gilolo, (and Manilla.)
Black, nitid, varied with white, grey, or ashy, depending on a very close-set pubescence, generally well limited, while the black portions have a very short and scattered or almost obsolete pubescence; on the vertex are three white lines which meet in front, and these are continuous with three corresponding lines on the prothorax; scutellum semicircular, black or white, or with a white border only; elytra with irregular scattered punctures, the shoulders granulate, the white parts varying in extent or becoming grey, but always having a transverse direction; the normal style is perhaps based on two irregular white bands, thus dividing the black into three portions, the bands nearly disappearing or gradually extending so as to reduce the black to a few spots in many examples; body beneath with a thin pubescence, grey or ashy, the abdominal segments with one or two lightcoloured spots on each side, which are sometimes obsolete; legs with a grey or ashy pubescence; antennæ blackish, in the males about half as long again as the body, sometimes ringed with ashy.
Length 8—14 lines.
Diochares lugubris.
D. fuscus, opacus, pube grisea variegatus; apicibus elytrorum angulis haud productis.
Hab.—Tondano.
Dark brown, opake, finely and closely pubescent, varied with a clear grey depending on a stouter pubescence; face greyish, line round the eyes, three lines on the vertex meeting in front and continuous with three corresponding lines on the prothorax, yellowish-grey; scutellum with a greyish spot in the middle; elytra with scattered punctures almost hidden by the pubescence, a few granules on the shoulders, base dark brown with a few greyish spots, followed by a greyish sub-median band extending forwards at the sides, spotted with brown, then a large brown patch with a few greyish spots, and lastly greyish again with brown spots, apices sub-truncate or slightly sinuate, neither of the angles produced; body beneath and legs with a close ochreous-grey pubescence; antennæ brown.
Length 10 lines.
Diochares impluviatus.
D. niger, pube alba variegatus; elytris angustatis, apicibus sub-truncatis.
Hab.—Tondano.
Black, varied with a coarser white pubescence; head whitish in front, the lines round the eyes and on the vertex and prothorax precisely as in the preceding; scutellum white in the middle; elytra narrow, granulate on the shoulders, finely punctured, white, speckled with black, the black predominating along the suture at the base and middle and forming irregular patches, the apices sub-truncate; body beneath and legs with a pale ashy pubescence; claw-joint not longer than the two preceding joints together; antennœ blackish, twice as long as the body.
Length 6 lines.
TRYSIMIA.
Caput antice sub-quadratum, clypeo truncato; tuberibus antenniferis validis. Oculi mediocres, lobo inferiori rotundato. Antennœ longissimæ; scapo obconico, valde cicatricoso; articulo tertio scapo duplo longiore; quarto breviore; cæteris æqualibus, ultimo excepto. Prothorax longitudine haud latior, lateribus sub-rotundatis, tuberculo minuto instructis. Elytra sub-trigonata, apicibus rotundatis. Pedes elongati, inæquales, antici longiores; femora incrassata; tarsi æquales. Mesosternum haud dentatum.
This genus differs from Monochamus only in its sub-quadrate face, and the small lateral tubercle of the prothorax replacing the stout tooth of the latter. It comprises two very distinct but cognate species.
Trysimia geminata. (Pl. XIV. fig. 2.)
T. fusca, leviter griseo-pubescens; elytris albo-irroratis, præcipue maculis quatuor majoribus.
Hab.—Bouru, Ceram, Amboyna.
Dark brown, with a thin uniform greyish pubescence; head impunctate, a black glabrous mark at the angle of the mouth below the eye; prothorax impunctate, an indefinite blackish spot in the centre; scutellum rounded posteriorly; elytra granulate at the base, the granules gradually passing into punctures, which disappear near the apex, several small greyish spots composed of a
VOL. III. THIRD SERIES, PART III.—SEPT. 1866. X
very dense tomentum, but especially two large spots, one before the other behind the middle, each of these spots formed by the junction, or very nearly the junction of two, but variable even in the same specimen; the example from Ceram has the spots pure white; body beneath and legs with a close fulvous-grey pile; antennæ brownish, minutely pubescent.
Length 11 lines, of the antennœ (♂) 33 lines.
Trysimia rugicollis.
T. fusca, leviter griseo-pubescens; prothorace transversim lineato; elytris albo-irroratis.
Hab.—Macassar.
Brown, with a short sparse greyish pile; frontal impressed line terminating between the eyes in an interrupted transverse ridge, an oblique glabrous black mark at the angles of the mouth; prothorax transverse, two apical and two basal grooves, between the two series numerous transverse contorted lines, the centre and a spot on each side dark brown; scutellum rounded; elytra with a few granules on the shoulders, thickly punctured at the base, the punctures disappearing near the apex, speckled with small densely tomentose white spots; body, legs and antennæ yellowish-brown, finely pubescent.
Length 8 lines, of the antennæ (♀) 11 lines.
NEPHELOTUS.
Caput antice quadratum; clypeo truncato; tuberibus antenniferis validis, basi separatis. Mandibulœ breves. Oculi mediocres, lobo inferiore verticali vel angustato. Antennœ elongatæ; scapo sub-cylindrico; articulo tertio scapo longiore; quarto breviore; sequentibus sub-æqualibus. Prothorax regularis, cylindricus, lateraliter dente minuto instructus. Elytra sub-angustata, humeris in dentem productis, apicibus rotundatis. Pedes mediocres, in utroque sexu æquales; femora modice incrassata; tarsi articulo ultimo elongato. Prosternum simplex. Mesosternum haud dentatum.
The prothoracic spine in this genus is reduced to a mere point; the legs are equal in both sexes; and the claw-joint is of large size, but this seems to be a character of less importance among these genera than it is in other groups. In other respects the genus is near Monochamus, except that the head is more quadrate in front.
Nephelotus licheneus. (Pl. XIV. fig. 1.)
N. piceus, pube squamiformi grisea vel ochreo-grisea tectus; elytris oblique seriatim punctatis, fusco-irroratis, plaga magna albida ante medium sita.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Pitchy, covered with a small grey or ochreous-grey scale-like pubescence; head with a few large black punctures in front, none on the vertex or prothorax, the latter smooth but with wellmarked apical and basal grooves; scutellum rounded behind; elytra granulate at the base, obliquely seriate-punctate, the punctures small, some of them larger than the rest and partially glabrous at the edges, giving a speckled appearance to the elytra, a large whitish patch lying directly before the middle and extending nearly to the base; body beneath and legs with a clear ochreous pubescence; antennæ brownish-testaceous, nearly glabrous, the first two joints with an ochreous pubescence.
Length 10 lines.
ORSIDIS.
Caput antice breve, convexum; clypeo truncato; tuberibus antenniferis sub-remotis. Oculi magni, lobo inferiore rotundato. Antennœ elongatæ; scapo sub-cylindrico, apice rotundato, cicatrice haud distincta; articulo tertio scapo longiore; quarto et quinto sensim brevioribus; sequentibus æqualibus, ultimo excepto. Prothorax sub-cylindricus, lateraliter valde spinosus. Elytra angustata, humeris haud productis, apicibus rotundatis. Pedes mediocres, æquales; femora incrassata; tibiœ anticæ breviusculæ, arcuatæ; tarsi articulo ultimo breviusculo. Mesosternum haud dentatum.
The cicatrix on the scape is in this genus nearly obsolete, a slight line only representing it. The legs are nearly equal in length and the claw-joint in all the species before me is unusually short. There are no granules on the elytra.
Orsidis oppositus. (Pl. XIV. fig. 4.)
O. testaceo-brunneus, pube grisea tectus; prothoracis macula basali et scutello læte ochraceis; elytris oblique seriatim punctatis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Testaceous-brown, with a somewhat sparse grey pubescence; a linear longitudinal mark at the apex of the prothorax, a tri-
X 2
angular spot at its base; scutellum and sutural edge of the elytra near the apex bright ochreous, the pubescence on those parts being much coarser than elsewhere; head and prothorax with a few scattered punctures; elytra obliquely seriate-punctate, the punctures of the outer lines larger, but gradually smaller as they approach the suture; body beneath, legs and antennœ with a sparser pubescence, joints of the latter paler at the base.
Length 7 lines.
Orsidis hepaticus.
O. testaceo-brunneus, leviter pubescens, griseo et rufo-brunneovarius; prothorace et scutello concoloribus; elytris irregulariter punctatis.
Hab.—Batchian.
Testaceous-brown, with a delicate greyish pubescence obscurely mottled with pale reddish-brown; head and prothorax with a very few scattered punctures, the latter becoming more greyish at the sides in certain lights; scutellum reddish-brown; elytra irregularly punctured, the punctures ceasing towards the apex; body beneath, legs and antennæ reddish-testaceous, finely pubescent, the femora at the tips brownish.
Length 9 lines.
Orsidis dispar.
O. fuscus, pube sparsa grisea vel cinerea tectus; scutello læte ochraceo; elytris seriatim punctatis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Dark brown, with a greyish or ashy pubescence, the scutellum with a thick ochreous pubescence; head and prothorax with small distant punctures; elytra seriate-punctate, the punctures gradually disappearing towards the apex; body beneath and legs with a very delicate pale ashy or greyish pubescence; antennæ dark brown, the bases of all the joints except the first white or paler at the base.
Length 4—5 lines.
There are two specimens ticketed with the same number by Mr. Wallace, one much narrower than the other, with a pale ashy pile, and antennæ indistinctly ringed; the second is much darker, with shorter antennæ ringed with pure white.
Orsidis sobrius.
Monohammus sobrius, Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Sec. ser. 2, iv. 246.
O. brunneus, leviter griseo-pubescens; capite impunctato; prothorace punctis paucis perparvis notato; elytris sub-seriatim punctatis; femoribus anticis valde incrassatis.
Hab.—Sarawak (and North China).
Reddish-brown, sparingly clothed with grey hairs; head impunctate; punctures on the prothorax very small, about ten in number, dispersed irregularly on each side the median line; scutellum glabrous in the middle, each side clothed with long yellowish hairs; elytra subseriate-punctate, the punctures rather irregular at the base; body beneath and legs with a more delicate pubescence than on the upper surface; anterior femora nearly twice as thick as the posterior; antennæ pubescent, brownish, the joints ashy at the base.
Length 6 lines.
Resembles a very small individual of Monochamus fistulator, Germ.
Orsidis cariosus.
O. niger, pube ochracea irroratus; prothorace oblongo, grosse et confertim punctato; elytris basi sub-cristatis, grosse et irregulariter punctatis, punctis nitido-areolatis.
Hab.—Singapore, Sarawak.
Black, speckled with ochraceous; head and prothorax closely and coarsely punctured, the latter rather narrow or somewhat longer than broad; scutellum with a longer and more yellowish pubescence; elytra sub-crested at the base, coarsely and irregularly punctured, the punctures with glabrous black shining edges, the intervals with small patches of ochreous pubescence, here and there forming larger patches; body beneath, legs and antennæ brownish-testaceous, with a thin greyish pile, joints of the latter darker at their apices.
Length 6 lines.
Orsidis incomptus.
O. brunneus, pube cervina tectus; capite prothoraceque impunctatis; elytris vix sub-seriatim punctatis, apicibus sub-angulatis; femoribus anticis valde incrassatis.
Hab.—Makian.
Reddish-brown, entirely covered with a fawn-coloured pubescence, which is a little finer on the body beneath and legs;
head and prothorax impunctate; scutellum with a yellowish pubescence; elytra irregularly punctured at the base, the punctures assuming a more linear arrangement near the suture, the apex of each elytron drawn out into a small angle; antennæ pale reddish-testaceous, the apices of the joints brown.
Length 5 lines.
Orsidis proletarius.
Monohammus proletarius, Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 246.
O. fuscus, subtiliter cinereo-pubescens; capite prothoraceque impunctatis; elytris sub-angustatis, sub-seriatim punctatis, apicibus sub-angulatis; femoribus anticis valde incrassatis.
Hab.—Macassar.
Dark brown, with a very delicate close ashy pubescence; head and prothorax impunctate, the latter less transverse than in O. incomptus, and having a very slight longitudinal median ridge; scutellum greyish; elytra rather narrow, subseriate-punctate, the apices sub-angular; more sparingly pubescent beneath and on the legs; anterior femora very thick; antennæ reddish-brown, pubescent.
Length 6 lines.
This species did not occur in Mr. Wallace's own collection; my original specimen serves for the above description, and this, as mentioned loc. cit., has the eighth joint of its antennæ remarkably thickened; whether this is its normal character seems doubtful.
PSECTROCERA.
Psectrocera, Pascoe, Journ. of Ent. i. 345.
Caput exsertum, antice sub-transversum, convexum; tuberibus antenniferis valde divergentibus. Oculi mediocres, normales. Antennœ corpore longiores; scapo pyriforme, apice cicatricoso; articulo tertio scapo duplo longiori; cæteris gradatim brevioribus, tribus ultimis æqualibus exceptis; tertio, quarto et quinto apice plumosis. Palpi mediocres. Prothorax elongatus, cylindricus, inermis. Elytra breviuscula, ovata, supra sub-depressa, basi granulato-cristata, apicibus rotundatis. Pedes mediocres, antici (♂) multo longiores; femora incrassata; tibiœ anticæ sub-curvatæ, apice intus dentatæ, intermediæ emarginatæ; tarsi ut in Himantocera. Prosternum simplex. Mesosternum sub-dentatum.
Nearly allied to Gnoma, but differentiated by its cylindrical prothorax, pyriform scape, and plumose antennæ. Between this
genus and the preceding there is a very considerable break, but this cannot be avoided in a linear arrangement. The only described species of Psectrocera has been long known as the scopulicornis of Dejean's Catalogue, and was originally from Java.
Psectrocera plumosa.
Gnoma? plumosa, Westwood, Cab. Orient. Ent. p. 11, pl. v. fig. 3.
P. subtiliter pubescens, fusca, ochraceo-lineata et sub-maculata; antennis griseatis, plumis nigro-fuscis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Finely pubescent, dark brown, with longitudinal lines of ochreous, which on the elytra are more or less connected by small obscurer spots; head spotted in front, the vertex with three narrow lines, the side with one; prothorax with corresponding stripes, but with two additional on each side beneath; scutellum ochreous, and, together with a medio-basal line on the prothorax, and two lines proceeding from its apex and diverging behind on the elytra, brighter and more pubescent than the rest; elytra with a double row of small granulations at the base; body beneath and legs brownish, pubescent, the former with a pale line along the sterna and sides of the abdomen; antennœ reddish-grey, the plumes, which are confined to the tips of the joints beneath, blackish-brown.
Length 8 lines.
GNOMA.
Gnoma, Fabricius, Syst. Eleut. ii. 315.
Cuput exsertum, antice sub-quadratum, clypeo apice sinuato; tuberibus antenniferis validis, basi approximatis. Oculi mediocres, lobo superiore magnitudinis normalis. Antennœ elongatæ; scapo sub-cylindrico, prothoracem attingente, apice valde cicatricoso; articulo tertio scapo quadruplo longiore; cæteris tertio brevioribus, æqualibus, vel aliquando paulo gradatim decrescentibus, ultimo sæpe excepto. Prothorax (♂) valde elongatus, inermis, medio incurvatus. Elytra breviuscula, sub-trigonata (♂), oblongo-ovata (♀), apicibus rotundatis. Pedes elongati, antici præsertim in ♂ longiores, postici breviores; femora in medio modice vel vix incrassata; tibiæ anticæ sub-arcuatæ, apice intus dentatæ; tarsi antici (♂) frequenter longiusculi, dilatati, piloso-marginati, postici minores. Prosternum angustatum, simplex. Mesosternum dentatum.
The species of this very natural genus are very difficult to dis-
criminate so far as regards the males, and the females, as it appears to me, are absolutely undistinguishable. Scarcely any of the characters appear to be permanent, and all the specimens, so far as I have noticed them, may be divided into two categories, each of which might be conveniently considered to represent one very variable species—Gnoma giraffa, Schreib., representing the long-necked black category, and Gnoma sticticollis, J. Thoms., the shorter-necked brownish and spotted category. It will be very difficult to ascertain what are the really permanent species with our present data. The following descriptions apply exclusively to the males; the females have always shorter necks, legs and antennæ, and the elytra broader and more parallel, and often more varied with white than the males.
Gnoma giraffa.
Cerambyx giraffa, Schreibers, Trans. Linn. Soc. 1801, p. 198, pl. xxi. fig. 8.
Cerambyx longicollis, Olivier, Entom. iv. No. 67, p. 49, pl. xi. fig. 63, (♀)? (1795).
G. nigra, nitida; elytris basi granulato-punctatis, punctis apicem versus gradatim obsoletis.
Hab.—Ceram, Amboyna, Matabello.
Glossy-black, the legs with a blueish, the elytra with a greenish tinge; head and prothorax together as long as the elytra; the former with small distant punctures; prothorax finely corrugated; scutellum rounded, covered with densely-set white hairs; elytra moderately broad at the base, thickly set with small granules, which gradually pass into punctures but become smaller and more dispersed towards the apex, the latter very slightly pubescent; body beneath glossy-black; antennæ more than twice as long as the body, first three joints very rugose. The female is stouter and often spotted with white.
Length 14 lines.
Gnoma agroides.
J. Thomson, Essai &c., p. 106.
G. nigra, nitida; prothorace vitta mediana, elytris macula humerali suturaque albis; his angustatis.
Hab.—Batchian, Gilolo, Kaioa, Makian, Menado, Ternate.
Glossy-black, stripe on the middle of the prothorax, a spot at the base of the elytra near the shoulder, the suture, and often
a few specks on the sides, white; sculpture of the prothorax and punctures on the elytra as in G. giraffa; body beneath black, sterna, abdomen and legs with a very delicate greyish-white pubescence; episterna and epimera of the mesothorax and abdominal segments at the sides white. The example from Ternate is more pubescent, and therefore less glossy than the others. The female varies considerably in the amount and disposition of the white portion. G. albo-vittata, Thoms., is probably one of them.
Length 14 lines.
Gnoma propinqua.
G. nigra, nitida; vitta mediana prothoracis, suturaque albis; elytris breviusculis, trigonatis.
Hab.—Makian.
Resembles the preceding except in the white pubescence being confined to a central stripe along the prothorax and elytra—a point probably of little importance—but the elytra are much shorter and much broader at the base, and are very decidedly trigonate. There is but a single specimen in the collection; but (with the proviso mentioned above) I have not the slightest hesitation in separating it from the preceding.
Length 15 lines.
Gnoma albotessellata.
Blanchard, Voy. au Pôle Sud, iv. pl. xvii. fig. 8.
G. nigra, nitida; prothorace vitta mediana alba; elytris latiusculis, maculis albis dispersis.
Hab.—Aru, Dorey.
Broader and more robust than any of the preceding, without any sutural stripe on the elytra, which are more or less speckled, the median stripe on the prothorax variable, sometimes nearly obsolete; one large central white spot on each elytron, a smaller one near the apex; the epimera and episterna of the mesothorax and sometimes the borders of the abdominal segments white.
Length 12 lines.
Gnoma ctenostomoides.
J. Thomson, Essai &c., p. 105.
G. nigra, nitida; elytris impunctatis, basi granulato-punctata excepta.
Hab.—Waigiou, Mysol, Aru, Dorey.
Glossy-black, distinguished from all the other species by the smoothness and impunctuation of the elytra except at the base; in colour some specimens are entirely black, always excepting the scutellum, others are as described by M. Thomson.
Length 7—9 lines.*
Gnoma longitarsis.
G. fusca; elytris angustatis, fulvo-irroratis, sat fortiter punctatis; tarsis anticis elongatis; antennarum articulo tertio læve.
Hab.—Singapore, Sarawak.
Brown, or yellowish-brown, slightly shining; head sparingly punctured in front, when fresh clothed with an ochreous tomentum; prothorax elongate; elytra narrow, the sides sub-parallel, rather coarsely and closely punctured, and marked with numerous dull ochreous or fulvous spots; body beneath more or less spotted with ochreous; legs slender, the anterior tarsi elongate; antennæ with the third joint smooth.
Length 10—12 lines.
Gnoma pulverea.
G. fusca; elytris trigonatis, pallide irroratis; tarsis anticis haud elongatis; antennarum articulo tertio rugoso.
Hab.—Macassar.
Brown, slightly shining; head obsoletely punctured, covered with an ochreous tomentum; prothorax moderately elongate; elytra trigonate, speckled with pale yellowish-grey, principally along the suture; body beneath, especially on the sterna and abdomen, with a yellowish-ferruginous pubescence; legs rather robust, elongate, the anterior tarsi of the normal length; third joint of the antennæ rugose.
Length 13 lines.
Gnoma dispersa.
Pascoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1866, p. 252.
G. fusca, pube brevi grisea tecta; elytris, pallide ochraceoirroratis, prothorace multo longioribus; pedibus modice elongatis.
Hab.—Singapore, Macassar, Batchian, Java.
Brown, covered with a short greyish or sometimes ochreous
* One specimen from Dorey, with the punctures extending to the middle of the elytra, is 13 lines in length: query, if G. ctenostomoides?
pile, more or less speckled with fulvous, ochreous or greyish; prothorax much shorter than the elytra, striped in the middle or not; elytra oblong, neither narrow nor trigonate, finely punctured except at the base, the punctures becoming nearly obsolete towards the apex; body beneath with a thin whitish or greyish pubescence, occasionally tinged with fulvous.
Length 6—10 lines.
Possibly several species are here united, but I must confess that I am unable to separate them by any characters that can be relied upon as permanent. I cannot distinguish M. Thomson's Gnoma sticticollis, Arch. Ent. i. 297, by his description, from this or either of the two preceding species.
MECOTAGUS.
Mecotagus, Pascoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1866, p. 252.
Caput exsertum, antice breve, clypeo apice lato; tuberibus antenniferis validis, basi approximatis. Oculi mediocres, lobo superiore magnitudinis normalis. Antennœ elongatæ; scapo obconico, prothoracem vix attingente, apice cicatricoso; articulo tertio scapo triplo vel quadruplo longiore; quarto tertio dimidio breviore; cæteris æqualibus, ultimo longiore (♂) excepto. Prothorax elongatus, sub-cylindricus, lateribus haud vel vix antice incurvatis. Elytra breviuscula, ovata, apicibus emarginatis. Pedes elongati, antici longiores; femora linearia; tibiœ anticæ sub-arcuatæ, apice inermes; tarsi articulo basali sub-elongato. Prosternum simplex. Mesosternum elevatum, productum.
Cerambyx tigrinus, Oliv., is the type of this genus, a congener of which has been erroneously referred by Mr. White to Pelargoderus, Serv. It is allied to Gnoma, from which it differs in the form of the prothorax, the linear femora, the longer basal joint of the tarsi, and other characters. The species referred to by Mr. White under the name of "P. tessellatus, Guér.," does not appear to be described; the following has a very distinct style of pubescence from the (two?) species previously known.
Mecotagus pœcilus.
M. niger, subtiliter pubescens; elytris maculis albo-tomentosis irroratis.
Hab.—Java.
Black, covered with a very short delicate pubescence not hiding
the derm, the white spots and stripes covered by a coarser tomentum; head with four vertical stripes in front, one median and two on each side corresponding with the same number on the prothorax; the latter very slightly corrugated transversely; scutellum white; elytra speckled with numerous irregular white spots, some of which coalesce, especially posteriorly; body beneath with a thin pubescence, except at the sides, the abdominal segments with lateral black spots.
Length 11 lines.
OLENECAMPTUS.
Olenecamptus, Chevrolat, Mag. de Zool. 1835, p. 134.
Schœniocera, (Dej.)
Caput exsertum, antice breve, transversum, clypeo apice sinuato; tuberibus antenniferis crassis, basi sub-approximatis. Oculi magni, lobo superiore angustato. Palpi graciles. Antennœ elongatæ, setaceæ; scapo rugoso, sub-pyriformi, prothoracem haud attingente, apice haud cicatricoso; articulo secundo brevissimo; tertio scapo quadruplo longiore; cæteris tertio multo brevioribus, ultimo excepto. Prothorax in utroque sexu cylindricus, inermis, capite haud latior. Elytra sub-elongata, parallela. Pedes inæquales, antici longiores, præsertim in maribus, postici breviusculi; femora modice incrassata; tarsi postici minores. Pro- et meso-sterna elongata, declivia.
Olenecamptus is a well-marked genus, at once distinguished by its short rough scape without a cicatrix, in conjunction with its short posterior legs. A remarkable and probably dimorphous variety has been separated from O. bilobus by M. Chevrolat, on account of the inner edge of the fore tibiæ being minutely serrated, under the name of O. serratus. I have similar examples from Timor and Flores. The inner edge of the antennœ is sometimes serrated in the same way. This species has a very wide range, being found all over India, Ceylon, Java, &c., and has been also reported from Australia.
Olenecamptus bilobus.
Saperda biloba, Fabricius, Syst. Eleut. ii. 324.
Olenecamptus serratus, Chevrolat, l. c., var.
Authades Indianus, J. Thomson, Arch. Ent. i. 192.
O. brunneo-testaceus; vertice prothoraceque ochraceo-pubes-
centibus; elytris leviter griseo-pubescentibus, macula magna basali biloba nivea ornatis.
Hab.—Singapore, Sarawak, Batchian, Amboyna, Banca, Java, Timor, Flores, Dorey, (and Ceylon, Siam, India.)
Pale brownish-testaceous; vertex and prothorax covered with a close ochreous pubescence; scutellum snowy-white; elytra with a delicate greyish or ochreous pubescence, a large bilobed spot composed of a close-set snowy tomentum at the apex of the scutellum, and generally two smaller spots (sometimes only one) on each elytron; face, body beneath and legs with a white pubescence; antennæ brownish-testaceous.
Length 6—8 lines, of the antennæ 18—22 lines.
Olenecamptus optatus.
Pascoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1866, p. 253.
O. fusco-brunneus, pube grisea brevi tectus; scutello concolore; capite, prothorace, elytrisque maculis rotundatis niveis ornatis.
Hab.—Singapore, Sarawak.
Dark reddish-brown, covered with a short greyish pubescence, two or three spots on the cheek, one behind the eye, four on the prothorax, and four on each elytron, (i. e. seven on each side from the eye to the apex of the elytra), snowy-white; head broader than the prothorax, remotely punctured in front, the vertex impunctate; prothorax transversely corrugated; scutellum semicircular, greyish-brown; elytra rather closely punctured, the sides gradually narrowing posteriorly, the apices slightly dehiscent, each ending obliquely in a short mucro; body beneath and legs with a thin greyish-white pile.
Length 6—10 lines, of the antennæ (♂) 12—20 lines.
Olenecamptus strigosus.
O. brunnescens, pube subtiliter tectus; elytris maculis elongatis albis ornatis.
Hab.—Aru, Amboyna.
Reddish or testaceous-brown, with a delicate greyish pubescence; face, cheeks, and two lines on the vertex white; prothorax finely corrugated; scutellum small, white; elytra very delicately pubescent, distinctly punctured, their apices obliquely truncate, a long narrow spot on each side of the scutellum, one above, another behind the middle, and two or three smaller spots or lines towards
the apex, composed of a dense whitish tomentum; body beneath and legs with a thin ashy pile; antennæ brownish-testaceous.
Length 8 lines, of the antennæ (♂) 18 lines.
CYLINDREPOMUS.
Cylindrepomus, Blanchard, Voy. au Pôle Sud, iv. 268.
Caput exsertum, antice breve, transversum, clypeo apice late sinuato; tuberibus antenniferis crassis, basi sub-approximatis. Oculi mediocres, profunde divisi, lobo superiore valde angustato. Palpi graciles. Antennœ elongatæ, setaceæ; scapo rugoso, sub-pyriformi, prothoracem haud attingente, apice haud cicatricoso; articulo secundo brevissimo; tertio scapo quadruplo longiore; cæteris tertio brevioribus et sub-æqualibus, ultimo excepto. Prothorax in utroque sexu cylindricus, capite haud latior. Elytra sub-elongata, parallela, apicibus acuminatis vel rotundatis. Pedes graciles, elongati, præsertim postici; femora fusiformia; tibiæ fere lineares; tarsi breves, æquales. Pro- et meso-sterna declivia.
An elegant genus, only known before Mr. Wallace's researches by a single species, and at once distinguished from any of the preceding, except Olenecamptus, by the non-existence of a cicatrix on the scape, and from that it is well separated by the great length of the posterior legs, which, except in one species, are longer than the anterior, an unusual character in the sub-family. The species vary greatly in colour, but are all finely pubescent.
Cylindrepomus nigrofasciatus.
Blanchard, Voy. au Pôle Sud, iv. 268, pl. xvii. fig. 2.
C. ater; elytrorum basi, linea suturali ad fasciam antemedianam descendente, hac fasciaque altera postmediana, et linea descendente ad apicem, albis, apicibus acuminatis.
Hab.—Aru, Dorey.
Black, the head and prothorax ashy, or the head black and the prothorax white, in both with the cheeks and a line above the eyes whitish; scutellum black, semicircular; elytra with a line beginning at the base, descending down the suture and forming a transverse band before the middle, and another transverse band behind the middle with a line descending to the apex, silvery white or sometimes ashy, the apices acuminate; body beneath with an ashy pubescence; legs and antennæ reddish-brown.
Length 6 lines, of the antennæ (♂) 15 lines.
Cylindrepomus grammicus. (Pl. XIV. fig. 5.)
Pascoe, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 3, v. 121.
C. niger; prothorace albo, vel nigro-trivittato; elytris fuscescentibus vel ochraceis vel nigris, albo- vel griseo-lineatis, apicibus sub-acuminatis.
Hab.—Batchian, Menado, Morty, Mysol, Ceram, Amboyna, Waigiou, Saylee.
Head black, generally with a white spot behind the eye; prothorax entirely white, or white with three black stripes of variable width; scutellum white or black, subscutiform with a pointed apex; elytra black or reddish-brown or ochreous, with two whitish stripes meeting near the apex, these stripes varying in width, one colour or the other sometimes reduced to a mere line, or the lines nearly obsolete, apices sub-acuminate; body beneath light brown or blackish, with more or less of a whitish pubescence; legs black, femora reddish at the base; antennæ black.
Length 5—7 lines, of the antennæ (♂) 15—17 lines.
Cylindrepomus peregrinus.
Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 241.
C. niger; prothorace impunctato; elytris leviter punctatis, cinereo-fasciatis, apicibus sub-acuminatis.
Hab.—Java, Sarawak.
Black; head and prothorax, except the disk, ashy, the latter impunctate; scutellum black, the apex ashy; elytra finely punctured, a band near the base, a line commencing at its inner end near the scutellum and extending obliquely outwards and backwards, a second band behind the middle, and the apex, ashy, apices sub-acuminate; body beneath with a thin ashy pubescence; legs brownish, the posterior tibiæ not ciliated on their inner margins, their tips and all the tarsi whitish; antennæ black, the first three or four basal joints purplish-brown.
Length 6 lines, of the antennæ (♂) 13 lines.
Cylindrepomus lœtus.
Pascoe, loc. cit.
C. niger; prothorace distincte punctato; elytris sat fortiter punctatis, fasciis tribus, basali et mediana connexis, et macula oblonga apicali, albis, apice rotundatis.
Hab.—Singapore.
Black; vertex and disk of the prothorax ashy, the latter rather
finely but distinctly punctured, with a whitish band along the basal margin; scutellum white; elytra rather strongly punctured in comparison with the punctures on the prothorax, a band near the base, another a little before the middle but connected along the suture with the former, another between the middle and the apex, and an oblong spot on the apex, greyish-white, the apices taken together rounded; body beneath with an ashy pubescence, sides of the sterna pure white; legs black, the posterior tibiæ ciliated along their inner margins, their tips and tarsi white.
Length 4½ lines, of the antennæ (♂) 16 lines.
Cylindrepomus comis.
Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 241, pl. xxv, fig. 7.
C. ruber; fronte, prothoracis lateribus, elytrorum maculis quatuor lateralibus extus connexis, antennis pedibusque (posticis exceptis) nigris.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Above pure brick-red, the front, sides of the prothorax, and four large patches on the elytra externally, but which are connected along the margin, black; body beneath ashy, with the sides of the sterna pure white; legs, except the intermediate tarsi, brownish-black, the posterior tibiæ, which are slightly ciliated on the under surface, brownish at the base but gradually becoming white towards the tip, their tarsi also white; antennæ dark brown.
Length 4½ lines, of the antennæ (♂) 16 lines.
GERANIA.
Gerania, Serville, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. iv. 71.
Caput insertum, antice breve, clypeo apice sinuato; tuberibus antenniferis valde divergentibus. Oculi mediocres. Antennœ elongatæ, fimbriatæ; scapo sub-cylindrico, medium prothoracis attingente; articulo secundo obconico; tertio (♂) quadruplo longiore; cæteris brevioribus. Prothorax cylindricus, muticus, longitudine haud latior. Elytra ovata, apice truncata. Pedes (♂) longissimi, tenuissimi, lineares, intermedii multo breviores; tibiœ arcuatæ, intermediæ extus integræ; tarsi breviusculi, antici articulo penultimo (♂) extus producto et barbato. Antepectus brevissimum. Pro- et meso-sterna simplicia.
The only representative of this remarkable genus, which in
outline resembles a Phalangium, has been long known, and is rather local and exceptional in its habitat, but wherever it occurs it seems to appear in large numbers. The female has shorter legs and antennæ than the male, but otherwise scarcely differs. It must have been this sex that was described by Fabricius from a specimen in the collection of Bosc. As I am not aware of the existence of any figure of the species, I have given one of the male.
Gerania Boscii. (Pl. XIV. fig. 7).
Saperda Boscii, Fabricius, Syst. Eleut. ii. 323.
G. albo-pubescens, maculis brunneis vel fuscis varia.
Hab.—Java, Malacca, Lombok, (and Siam).
Closely covered with a pure white, or sometimes dingy-white, somewhat coarse pubescence, with intervals of reddish-brown or dark-brown spots of the derm clothed only with a very delicate pubescence; head with two spots on the forehead and two on the vertex; prothorax with three spots on the disk, and two on each side; spots on the elytra more or less united so as to form four irregular bands, or the two posterior bands by their union forming only one; body beneath, legs and antennæ black, with a short delicate pubescence.
Length 8 lines; anterior legs (♂) 24 lines; antennæ (♂) about 25 lines.
ONOCEPHALINÆ.
This sub-family exactly accords with M. J. Thomson's 14th "groupe," as defined and limited by him in the "Essai" (p. 120), so far as its members were at that time known. It was there composed of the four genera Gryllica, Pachypeza, Ischioloncha and Onocephala. In the more recent "Systema" he makes it a "division" of his "groupe" Hippopsitæ, retaining of the above only Onocephala, and adding two new forms—Atossa and Apechthes.
The form and position of the head is the most salient character of the Onocephalinæ; in the typical genus Onocephala, it is rather large, produced and contracted above, so that the antennary tubers are nearly or quite contiguous, dilated and prolonged below the eyes which are small in proportion, and is bent inwards so that the face is more or less in a line with the under surface. The antennæ vary in length, but they are generally either pilose or fimbriated beneath, with the scape almost perfectly cylindrical and without a cicatrix; the legs are either of moderate length, or so short as not to extend beyond the extremity of the
VOL. III. THIRD SERIES, PART III.—SEPT. 1866. Y
body; the tarsi are always short, with the claw-joint usually of remarkable size.
This sub-family appears to be confined to tropical America and to the Malayan region; in Mr. Wallace's collection it is represented by a single individual, which, I am sorry to say, is in a very poor condition, and it is only because of its importance as the sole representative of its sub-family that I have noticed it. Besides several genera described by M. J. Thomson, but unknown to me (except Atossa), and some of which may probably prove to belong to this sub-family, I have two or three unpublished forms which I include in it; I think also that Mr. Newman's genus Epaphra from Manilla may also be referred to it, although of a somewhat aberrant character.
Genus.
Phelipara, n. g.
PHELIPARA.
Caput fronte modice productum, infra oculos vix dilatatum, tuberibus antenniferis validis, contiguis, fere erectis. Oculi tenue granulati, mediocres, lobis superioribus parvis, approximatis. Antennœ fimbriatæ; scapo elongato, cylindrico. Prothorax capite paulo latior, sub-cylindricus. Elytra elongata, basi prothorace multo latiora, postice sensim attenuata, apicibus sinuatis, angulo externo dentato. Pedes breves; femora incrassata; protibiæ curvatæ; tarsi æquales, articulo ultimo valde elongato. Coxæ anticæ globosæ, divergentes, haud approximatæ. Pro- et meso-sterna mutica.
The antennœ of this unique example are broken off at the third joint; in other respects it appears to have most of the characters of Pachypeza, but with larger claw-joints, the anterior coxæ more globose, and the apices of the elytra sinuate.
Phelipara marmorata.
P. fuscescens, pube sparsa tecta; elytris basi albo-marmoratis, postice lineis longitudinalibus fulvis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Pale brownish, covered with a thin mostly greyish pile; eyes margined with yellow hairs, two lines of yellow hairs also on the cheeks below the eyes; prothorax transversely corrugated, the anterior and posterior borders and five stripes between the apical and basal grooves composed of yellow hairs; elytra finely punc-
tured, the base marbled with white reticulated veins, posteriorly a few narrow yellowish indefinite stripes; body beneath and legs pale-brownish, with a loose greyish tomentum, the epimera of the metathorax densely clothed with white hairs.
Length 11 lines.
HIPPOPSINÆ.
No other sub-family of Longicorns presents a head so peculiar in its form and direction as the more typical members of the Hippopsinœ. In these it is of a conical shape, and, as a cone, porrect; the upper line forms the vertex and the lower the face, the apex bears the antennæ, which are almost or quite contiguous at the base, and the eyes are most abnormally placed at some distance from the insertion of the antennæ. But, as usual, these peculiarities shade off in the different genera, so that at last we are led rather by general resemblance than by any definite characters to decide on their affinites.
The Hippopsinœ lie directly between the Onocephalinæ and Saperdinæ; the former sub-family shows the same tendency to the horizontal position of the head, although in a less degree, but always has the eyes in the normal position, a more robust form, and the pro- and meso-sterna shorter, so that the anterior and intermediate coxæ are more or less approximate, while in the Hippopsinœ these conditions are reversed. The relations of the Hippopsinœ with the Saperdinœ will be noticed further on.
The members of this sub-family are found all over the world, except Europe,* but are apparently not very numerous either as to species or individuals. From Australia, indeed, we have as yet only a single exponent of the group, Essisus, recently described by me in Proc. Linn. Soc., Zool., ix. 90. The number of species in Mr. Wallace's collection is only five, distributed into three genera.
Genera.
Eyes not divided. | |
Head almost horizontal | Apophrena, n. g. |
Head nearly vertical | Pothyne, Thoms. |
Eyes divided | Tetraglenes, Newm. |
* M. J. Thomson has, in his Systema &c. (p. 97), referred Calamobius, Guérin, to Hippopsis, an error which I have already noticed in the Society's Proceedings, 1865, p. 126, but which, having been adopted by M. Léon Fairmaire in the "Genera des Coléoptères d'Europe," may probably lead to the name Hippopsis being found in some future European catalogue.
Y 2
APOPHRENA.
Caput sub-conicum, tuberibus antenniferis apice sitis, contiguis, crectis. Oculi magni, antennarum basi vix contigui, fortiter emarginati, lobo inferiore prominulo, rotundato. Antennæ filiformes; scapo cylindrico, basin elytrorum attingente; articulo tertio paulo breviore; cæteris fere sub-æqualibus. Prothorax cylindricus. Elytra prothorace latiora, apicibus spinosis. Pedes brevissimi, tarsi angustati, articulo ultimo elongato. Pro- et meso-sterna declivia. Corpus gracile.
This genus differs from Hippopsis only in the contiguity and direction of the antennary tubers, and in the eyes being situated at a little distance from the base of the antennæ, a modification which we find still further carried out in Tetraglenes and other genera. Of the three species described below it might perhaps have been more natural to have made A. montana the type of a separate genus, as it has peculiar wedge-shaped elytra and longer legs.
Apophrena filifera. (Pl. XV. fig. 7.)
A. fusca; elytris parallelis, apicibus spinoso-acuminatis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Brown, with a minute greyish pubescence; head and prothorax sparingly punctured, the former with a median and two lateral yellowish lines, the lateral extended also along the sides of the prothorax; scutellum scutiform, covered with a yellowish silky pile; elytra parallel, rather coarsely punctured, a few indistinct stripes of yellowish posteriorly, each apex produced into a well-marked spine; antennæ about four times as long as the body, entirely brown; body beneath and legs brown, the posterior legs not extending beyond the elytra.
Length 4½ lines.
Apophrena tenella.
A. brunnea; elytris parallelis, apicibus sinuatis, angulo externo producto.
Hab.—Aru.
Reddish-brown, covered with a delicate pubescence; head closely punctured, a thin median and two broad lateral stripes, one pale yellow; prothorax less closely punctured, with two broad lateral and two nearly obsolete median stripes; scutellum narrow, rounded behind, with a yellowish silky pile; elytra parallel, sub-
seriate-punctate, the punctures here and there divided by irregular raised lines clothed with greyish hairs, the apices rather deeply sinuate, the outer angle especially produced; antennæ nearly four times as long as the body, the third, fourth and fifth joints pale testaceous at the base; beneath and legs with a thin grey pubescence.
Length 4 lines.
Apophrena montana.
A. castanea, glabra, nitida; elytris basi dilatatis, postice attenuatis, apicibus oblique truncatis, angulo externo producto.
Hab.—Java.
Chesnut-brown, smooth, shining; head closely punctured; prothorax with the punctures coarser and more dispersed, and a broad imperfect whitish stripe on each side; scutellum scutiform, pubescent; elytra much broader than the prothorax at the base, gradually tapering posteriorly, strongly and closely punctured, but the punctures become gradually smaller and are nearly obsolete at the apex, from the shoulder to the suture is an oblique impression which is continued along the latter, the apices obliquely truncate, the outer angle produced into a short tooth; antennæ three or four times as long as the body; body beneath dark brown; legs and scape reddish-ferruginous.
Length 6 lines.
The specimens are ticketed "Java 6,000 ft."
TETRAGLENES.
Tetraglenes, Newman, Entom. i. 300.
Caput conicum, tuberibus antenniferis apice sitis. Oculi quatuor, parvi, laterales, a basi antennarum distantes. Os minutum, propectori contiguum. Antennœ lineares, fimbriatæ, corpore paulo longiores; scapo cylindrico, elongato; articulo quarto tertio longiore; cæteris gradatim decrescentibus. Prothorax elongatus, sub-cylindricus. Elytra prothorace vix latiora, sub-parallela, elongata, postice dehiscentia. Pedes brevissimi; femora incrassata; protibiœ curvatæ; tarsi æquales. Pro- et meso-sterna planata, elongata. Corpus sub-lineare.
Mr. Newman says that this is the only insect he has seen "posessing four distinct and widely separated eyes," * * * "each eye being apparently independent of the other three." This is not strictly correct, as a fine line may be distinctly traced evidently connecting the two lobes. That these lobes should be placed at
a considerable distance from the base of the antennæ is a more abnormal arrangement. In a closely allied genus—Eucomatocera—the upper lobe is directly joined to the lower, a slight indentation marking the point of union. In Euthuorus and Spalacopsis, the upper lobe is wanting; while in Dorcasta and Aprosopus the eyes have nearly come back to their normal form. All these genera are clearly allied. The species described below differs, inter alia, from T. insignis, a species from Hong-Kong, Malacca, and Manilla, in its narrower form, and in the apices of its elytra being straight, not turned outwards.
Tetraglenes fusiformis.
T. fusca, griseo-lanuginosa; elytris apicibus recte acuminatis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Pitchy-brown, thinly covered with short greyish hairs; head and prothorax finely punctured, the latter rather narrower than the head, abruptly sloped at the sides so as to present the appearance of lines; scutellum rather broad, covered with a silky pile; elytra more coarsely punctured than the prothorax, broadest behind the middle, the apices prolonged but not curved outwards; body beneath, legs and antennæ brownish-grey, the latter about as long as the body.
Length 4 lines.
POTHYNE.
Pothyne, J. Thomson, Syst. Ceramb. p. 97.
Caput paulo inclinatum, haud productum; tuberibus antenniferis validis, divergentibus, basi contiguis. Oculi mediocres, emarginati. Antennœ corpore longiores, fimbriatæ; scapo cylindrico, elytra fere attingente; articulo tertio sub-æquale; cæteris brevioribus. Prothorax cylindricus, inermis. Elytra elongata, parallela, apicibus sub-sinuatis. Pedes brevissimi, robusti; tarsi breves, æquales, articulo ultimo valido. Pro- et meso-sterna declivia.
These characters are drawn up from a specimen kindly sent to me by M. Thomson under the name of Pothyne Malasiaca, which differs somewhat from the description of his P. variegata. The head is not much inclined in this genus, nor is it produced at the base of the antennary tubers; in these respects it may be considered to approximate to the Saperdinœ, to which perhaps it might be more desirable to attach it. M. J. Thomson's species apparently differs from the one described below in its "elytra obsolete punctata."
Pothyne capito.
P. fuscescens, griseo-lineata, pube subtilissima tecta.
Hab.—Dorey, Ternate, Ceram.
Brownish, or reddish-brown, with a very delicate pubescence, and longitudinal yellowish-grey lines; head rather large, sub-quadrate in front, somewhat coarsely punctured, a yellowish border to the eye continued to the mouth; prothorax transversely corrugated, with one central and three lateral stripes; scutellum semicircular; elytra rather closely punctured, each with four stripes, including the one bordering the suture; body beneath and legs with a greyish pile, the sterna with a broad yellowish stripe on each side; antennæ brown, about half as long again as the body.
Length 7 lines.
SAPERDINÆ.
Saperda was one of the few genera formed by Fabricius out of the old Cerambyx, in which Linnæus, now exactly 100 years ago, had included all the Longicornia known to him, except Leptura and Necydalis.* The only character, however, which had a real existence in differentiating Saperda from Lamia—another of the Fabrician genera—was the unarmed prothorax of the former as contrasted with the spined one of the latter; and chiefly on this character M. Mulsant in 1839 divided his "groupe Clinocéphalides" (= Lamiidœ) into two families "Lamiens" and "Saperdins." M. C. G. Thomson (Skandinaviens Coleoptera, i. 152), whilst adopting this division, distinguishes the former principally by their clavate femora; and being thus obliged to admit Monochamus, which has nearly linear femora, into the Saperdinœ, he attaches a secondary importance to the prothorax. Both these authors deal with limited local faunas, but tested in a broader field the absence or presence of a spine or tooth on the prothorax is a far more valuable character than the clavate or linear femora.
The sub-family, as it is here limited, very nearly agrees with the Saperditœ verœ of M. J. Thomson's Systema; but with the addition of Serixia, which that author has arranged with the Amphionychinœ, notwithstanding that it has simple claws. Whether the Agapanthiinœ should be maintained as a distinct sub-family,
* Syst. Nat. ed. xii. The first species of Leptura, however, is a Donacia, and all the Necydales but three are Heteromera.
I must confess appears to me at present to be doubtful. M. Léon Fairmaire treats them as a distinct group, but if the subordinate divisions of the longicorn families were to be eleborated in the same way throughout the whole of their extent, several hundred such groups would be necessary, and I am not sure that this may not be found to be the most natural arrangement.
The leading characters of the Saperdinœ are as follows:—the intermediate tibiæ are very slightly or not at all emarginate, and never furnished with a tooth as in the more typical Lamiidœ; the prothorax is cylindrical and unarmed; the femora are linear or thickened in the middle, rarely clavate; and the pro- and mesosterna are simple. The head also is generally rounded in front, and not exserted; the antennæ are of moderate length, sometimes however very long, setaceous, and distant at the base; the feet rather short; the body compact and often slightly depressed, and the abdominal segments of unequal length. They are distinguished from the Obereinœ and Amphionychinœ by their simple claws, never appendiculate or bifid; and from the Hippopsinœ, to which many of their genera approximate, by the distant bases of their antennæ. It is sometimes difficult to distinguish some of the Apomecyninœ from the members of this sub-family, but the former often show traces of the prothoracic tooth which are not present in the Saperdinœ.*
The genera and species of Saperdinæ are numerous in the northern temperate region of both the old and new worlds. In the tropical portions of America, Amillarus is its only exponent, and this in Chili is replaced by Emphytœcia. In Africa we have Eunidia, Syessita, Chariesthes, &c. In Australia at this moment they are entirely unknown, and this fact affords another proof of the striking dissimilarity that exists between its beetle-fauna and that of the Malayan region, as Mr. Wallace's Collection alone contains thirty-five species, divided into eight genera. It must be observed, that the character drawn from the absence of emargination of the intermediate tibiæ is not absolute, but that a slight break in the continuity of the exterior edge is sometimes visible; as it is, the character serves to separate into two very natural categories the genera of the Malayan members of this sub-family, the first four having, moreover, a graduated approximation to the preceding sub-family, and the remainder to the Astatheinœ, which follow.
* On this account I refer Zygrita to the Apomecyninœ, where indeed M. J. Thomson originally placed it, rather than to the Saperdinæ, to which that authority has referred it in the more recent "Systema."
Genera.
Intermediate tibiæ emarginate. | |
Antennary tubers projecting, approximate | Zotale, n. g. |
Antennary tubers very short, distant. | |
Legs very short | Nyctimene, Thoms. |
Legs moderately long. | |
Scape sub-cylindrical | Orcesis, n. g. |
Scape claviform | Amymoma, n. g. |
Intermediate tibiæ entire. | |
Antennæ shorter than the body | Entelopes, Thoms. |
Antennæ longer than the body. | |
Eyes divided | Bacchisa, n. g. |
Eyes not divided. | |
Third joint of the antennæ slender | Serixia, Pasc. |
Third joint of the antennæ nearly as thick as the scape | Xyaste, Pasc. |
ZOTALE.
Caput parvum, supra paulo constrictum; tuberibus antenniferis approximatis. Oculi mediocres, late emarginati. Antennæ corpore duplo longiores, fimbriatæ; scapo brevi, sub-fusiformi, vel basin versus incrassato; articulo tertio plus duplo longiore; sequentibus fere æqualibus. Prothorax cylindricus, capite haud latior. Elytra elongata, basi prothorace paulo latiora, lateribus gradatim angustioribus, apicibus angulatis. Pedes elongati; femora incrassata; tibiæ breviusculæ; tarsi intermedii et postici quam antici longiores. Prosternum simplex. Mesosternum elongatum, declive. Abdomen segmentis quatuor basalibus fere æqualibus.
With its approximate antennary tubers this genus forms a passage to the Hippopsinœ, from which it essentially differs in its normally long and stout legs. The mesosternum, however, is much longer than obtains in the ordinary Saperdinœ, and it must be considered a rather unsatisfactory member of this sub-family.
Zotale unicolor.
Z. lutea, pube ochracea tecta.
Hab.—Sumatra.
Luteous-yellow, covered with an uniform greyish-ochreous pubescence; head and prothorax with small scattered punctures, the latter without the transverse anterior groove, the posterior close to the base; scutellum semicircular; elytra seriate-punctate, the punctures becoming irregular posteriorly, the inner row forming a groove at the apex; body beneath, legs and antennæ with a more greyish pubescence.
Length 7 lines.
NYCTIMENE.
Nyctimene, J. Thomson, Arch. Ent. i. 314.
Caput antice latum, tuberibus antenniferis remotis. Oculi mediocres, normales. Antennœ corpore aliquando duplo longiores, sub-filiformes; scapo sub-cylindrico, prothoracis medium attingente, vel longiore; articulo tertio vix breviore; cæteris gradatim decrescentibus. Prothorax cylindricus, capite haud latior. Elytra elongata, sub-parallela, basi prothorace paulo latiora, apicibus sulcatis. Pedes breves, æquales; femora sub-clavata; tibiæ intermediæ emarginatæ tarsi antici modice dilatati. Pro- et meso-sterna declivia. Corpus angustatum.
In the work above quoted M. J. Thomson places this genus near Oberea, but in the more recent "Systema" (p. 94) he forms it into a distinct "groupe," putting it directly before his "Hippopsitæ." It is certainly not to be considered a legitimate member of this sub-family, but unless we adopt it as the representative of a distinct group, I do not see that it can be better placed. It is the genus Eusebis of Dejean's Catalogue.
Nyctimene vittata.
N. fusca, pubescens, griseo-vittata; elytris apicibus extus valde acuminatis; antennis articulis nono et decimo albis.
Hab.—Singapore.
Brown, thinly pubescent above, with greyish stripes of denser pubescence; head remotely punctured, face covered with grey hairs; prothorax also remotely punctured, with three stripes on the
disk; scutellum scutiform; elytra subseriate-punctate, marked with five stripes, including the common sutural one, the apex of each bisacuminate, the outer strongly produced; body beneath brown, with a thin greyish pile, the sides of the prothorax and sterna with a grey stripe; legs pale reddish-brown; antennæ nearly twice as long as the body, brown, the ninth and tenth joints white.
Length 4½ lines.
Nyctimene subsericea.
N. clare brunnea, pube subtili grisea subsericea tecta; antennis articulis octavo et nono albis.
Hab.—Menado.
Clear reddish-brown, darker towards the apex of the elytra, covered above with a short, somewhat silky, greyish pubescence; head and prothorax remotely punctured, the vertex impunctate; scutellum sub-scutiform; elytra subseriate-punctate, the apex of each shortly bisacuminate; body beneath and legs brown, with a short whitish pile; antennæ nearly twice as long as the body, brown, the eighth and ninth joints white.
Length 5½ lines.
ORCESIS.
Caput antice sub-quadratum, tuberibus antenniferis validis, brevibus, basi remotis. Oculi mediocres, modice emarginati. Antennœ corpore paulo longiores, graciles, setaceæ scapo cylindrico, modice elongato; articulo tertio scapo æquali; quarto tertio longiore; sequentibus gradatim decrescentibus. Prothorax capitis latitudinem non superans, cylindricus, antice et postice transversim impressus. Elytra elongata, basi prothorace paulo latiora, postice angustiora, apice truncata. Pedes mediocres; tibiœ intermediæ sub-emarginatæ; tarsi sub-elongati, articulo ultimo valido. Acetabula antica breviter angulata. Pro- et meso-sterna sub-elongata et declivia. Abdomen segmentis tribus intermediis brevioribus. Corpus sub-angustatum.
A dully-coloured insect, resembling Phaula melancholica, is the only exponent of this genus. It has no very salient characters, and its affinities are not evident.
Orcesis phauloides. (Pl. XV. fig. 2.)
O. fusca, pube grisescente tecta.
Hab.—Batchian.
Dark brown, covered with a uniform delicate greyish pubescence slightly tinged with ochraceous, the sides of the elytra posteriorly with scattered black setulose hairs; head rather strongly punctured in front; prothorax longer than broad, sparingly punctured; scutellum semicircular, with a longer and yellowish pile; elytra sparingly and irregularly punctured, the punctures coarser at the base, apices with their external angle ending in a very short mucro; body beneath and legs with a sparse greyish pile.
Length 5 lines.
AMYMOMA.
Caput antice latum, convexum, tuberibus antenniferis remotis. Oculi mediocres, normales. Antennœ lineares, in utroque sexu corpore duplo longiores; scapo claviformi, basin prothoracis attingente; articulis tertio et quarto longioribus, cæteris brevioribus. Prothorax cylindricus, capite haud latior. Elytra parallela, apicibus rotundatis. Pedes modice elongati; femora paulo incrassata; tibiœ intermediæ leviter emarginatæ; tarsi antici dilatati, intermedii et postici minus dilatati. Coxæ anticæ et intermediæ exsertæ, approximatæ. Pro- et meso-sterna angustata, simplicia.
The affinities of this genus are not very evident. The linear antennæ with the white apical or sub-apical joints show an analogy with Nyctimene, but the legs are of the normal length and the tarsi are very different, in the latter respect resembling Serixia and Xyaste, near which it might be perhaps most naturally arranged.
Amymoma pulchella. (Pl. XV. fig. 3).
A. fuscescens, pube subtili grisea tecta; elytrorum basi, fascia mediana, et maculis duabus apicalibus, flavis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Dark greyish-brown (in one specimen nearly testaceous), covered with a sparse grey pubescence; head and prothorax with few scattered punctures, the latter with a pale yellowish stripe on each side; scutellum small, transverse, brown; elytra irregularly punctured, the base, a band across the middle, and a spot near each apex, pale sulphur-yellow; body beneath chesnut-red, the sides
from the cheeks to the last segment of the abdomen covered with a white pubescence; legs testaceous; antennæ testaceous-brown, the scape dark brown, the last three joints snowy-white, except at their apices.
Length 3½ lines.
ENTELOPES.
Entelopes, J. Thomson, Essai &c., p. 345.
Caput magnum, antice transversum, tuberibus antenniferis obsoletis. Oculi mediocres, profunde sinuati, supra remoti, lobis fere æqualibus. Antennœ corpore breviores, sub-filiformes, ciliatæ, basi distantes; scapo sub-elongato, apicem versus crassiore; articulo tertio sub-æquali; cæteris decrescentibus. Labrum elongatum. Prothorax brevis, cylindricus, capite angustior. Elytra convexa, breviter sub-ovata, prothorace multo latiora, apicibus singulis spina terminatis. Pedes breviusculi, validi; femora et tibiæ posticæ longiores, intermediæ integræ; tarsi breves, æquales. Pro- et mesosterna simplicia.
M. Guérin-Méneville in his "Iconographie" (p. 245) points out two or three characters by which this genus is distinguished from Astathes, perhaps quite enough, according to the usual practice, to fix him as the describer of it. As, however, there is no connexion between the two genera, and M. Guérin's remarks were not intended to be supplemented by any future description, it does not seem to me desirable that such a style should carry with it the same rights of priority accorded to a real attempt to characterize a new genus, and I have therefore referred to M. J. Thomson, who has given a full account of it, as the true authority for the genus. At the same time it is necessary to remark that his "Entelopes Wallacei, Pascoe," is the common E. glauca, a very distinct species, but why it is named "glauca" is not evident; M. Guérin says of it in his description "sans poil ni duvet," but all the species are covered with very delicate short scattered hairs. I am unable to agree with M. Thomson when he describes the anterior coxæ as being transverse. Entelopes is a beautiful genus, now consisting of five species, one of which from Penang (E. similis) I have recently described in the Proceedings of the Zoological Society (1866, p. 255).
Entelopes glauca.
Guérin, Iconog. du Règne An. p. 245; Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, iv. pl. xvi. fig. 2.
E. rufo-lutea; elytris maculis nigris sex ornatis.
Hab.—Malacca, Java, Borneo.
Clear reddish-fulvous, pubescence very short and minute; head glossy in front, sometimes with a black spot behind each eye; prothorax often glossy; each elytron with three black spots varying in size, two towards the base and the posterior one midway between the suture and the outer margin; body beneath and legs luteous.
Length 6 lines.
Entelopes Wallacei.
Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 46.
E. rufo-fulva, opaca; metasterno, abdomine, femoribusque posticis nigrescentibus; scutello apice truncato, in medio depresso.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Reddish-fulvous, opake, pubescence very short and minute; head and prothorax obscurely punctured; scutellum quadrate posteriorly, truncate and longitudinally depressed at the apex, so as to give it a slightly bilobed appearance; elytra thickly punctured at the base, the punctures disappearing posteriorly; metasternum, abdomen and posterior femora blackish.
Length 6 lines.
E. similis is a shorter insect, more glossy, the elytra more deeply punctured, and the scutellum rounded behind without the longitudinal impression of E. Wallacei.
Entelopes ioptera.
Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 108, pl. xxiii. fig. 8.
E. lutea; vertice nigro; elytris violaceis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Luteous-yellow, with a delicate greyish pubescence; crown of the head deep violet or black; elytra rich violet, except a small yellow spot at the apex of each; head and prothorax nearly impunctate except on the vertex; punctures on the elytra with the intervals granulose at the base, the posterior third only slightly
punctate; body beneath, legs and antennæ, as well as the prothorax, scutellum and face, bright luteous-yellow.
Length 5 lines.
Entelopes amæna. (Pl. XV. fig. 8)
E. lutea; elytris cyaneis, basi prope scutellum et apicibus exceptis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Luteous-yellow, with a fine greyish pubescence; elytra rich blue, except a small patch on each side of the scutellum at the base, and the apices, which are luteous; head entirely luteous, the vertex only punctured; prothorax impunctate; elytra granulose at the base, the posterior third nearly smooth and glossy; body beneath and legs pale luteous; antennæ darker.
Length 5—5½ lines.
SERIXIA.
Serixia, Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 45.
Iolea (Iole), Pascoe, op. cit., iv. 254.
Caput, mediocre, antice sub-transversum; tuberibus antenniferis obsoletis. Oculi mediocres, profunde sinuati, supra paulo approximati, lobo superiore minore. Labrum sub-elongatum. Antennœ corpore longiores, filiformes, ciliatæ; scapo sub-cylindrico, vel aliquando basi paulo attenuato; articulo tertio scapo longiore; cæteris parum brevioribus et æqualibus. Prothorax brevis, capite paulo angustior, in medio linea longitudinali elevata. Elytra sub-depressa, breviuscula, prothorace multo latiora, apicibus rotundatis vel aliquando mucronatis. Pedes breviusculi; femora et tibiæ posticæ longiores; tarsi breves, æquales, antici articulo primo secundo longiore. Pro- et meso-sterna simplicia.
In the Journal of Entomology (i. 354) I have proposed to unite Iolea to Serixia, the slight differences in the characters of the few earliest discovered species not being sufficiently constant to warrant their separation since so many more have been made known. M. James Thomson in his "Systema," however, not only maintains their distinctness, but places them in two different "groupes." The species vary considerably in size and coloration, and in the comparative length of the antennæ and the head appears to be much larger in some individuals than in others of the same species. They have nearly all a fine silky, mostly pale, pubescence, varying
according to the light, on a luteous, or occasionally dark brown or black, derm. On the prothorax there is a kind of sharp longitudinal elevation in the middle terminating posteriorly just before the base in a slightly abrupt point. The same character occurs in Entelopes and Xyaste. Besides the species described below there are a few specimens from Waigiou, Bouru, Sarawak and Sumatra, which are very close to some of these, but cannot at present be satisfactorily referred to any of them.
Serixia apicalis.
Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 45 (nec pl. xvi. fig. 3).
S. nigra, prothorace elytrisque pube sericea grisescente dense indutis, horum apicibus luteis, mucronatis.
Hab.—Singapore.
Black, prothorax and elytra covered with a dense silky greyish pubescence, having in certain lights a glaucous-greyish tint; head black, sparingly punctured, lip luteous; prothorax impunctate; elytra gradually broader posteriorly, the punctures irregular but entirely hidden by the pubescence, the apex of each with a luteous spot; body beneath and legs luteous, the four basal segments of the abdomen glabrous, blackish; antennæ about half as long again as the body, black.
Length 5 lines.
Serixia modesta.
Pascoe, loc. cit., pl. xvi. fig. 3 (nec S. apicalis).
S. pube sericea cinerascente tota, capite excepto, dense induta; capite prothoraceque fulvescentibus; elytris nigris, apicibus mucronatis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Head and prothorax somewhat fulvous, the elytra black, the whole except the head densely covered with an ashy silky pubescence, and on the elytra in certain lights the appearance of a darker band directly behind the middle; head blackish in front, the lip luteous; prothorax impunctate; elytra broader posteriorly, the punctures entirely hidden by the pubescence, apices slightly mucronate, concolorous; body beneath luteous, the sides with a short silvery-white pubescence; legs pale luteous; antennæ half as long again as the body, black.
Length 4—5 lines.
Serixia marginata.
S. lutescens, pube cinerascente tecta; lateribus prothoracis et elytrorum nigris, horum apicibus vix mucronatis.
Hab.—Batchian.
Luteous, with a thin pale ashy nearly opake pubescence; head and prothorax impunctate, the latter with the pubescence of a yellowish hue, the sides with a black stripe; elytra subseriate-punctate anteriorly, the punctures remote, the sides bordered with black, the very slight mucro at the apex of each nearly concealed by the pubescence; body beneath and legs luteous, with an extremely delicate silvery pubescence, only seen in certain lights; antennæ more than half as long again as the body, black.
Length 5 lines.
Serixia aurulenta.
S. capite prothoraceque lutescentibus, pube subtili tectis; elytris fuscescentibus, pube sericea subaurea dense indutis, apicibus breviter mucronatis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Head and prothorax luteous, finely pubescent, impunctate, the latter with the pubescence silky, shining, golden-yellow or very pale grey in certain lights; elytra brownish, gradually broader posteriorly, the pubescence golden-greyish, closer and coarser than on the prothorax, the punctures even at the base nearly hidden by it, the apices very shortly mucronate; body beneath and legs luteous, with a delicate greyish pubescence; antennæ nearly twice as long as the body, black.
Length 5 lines.
Serixia optabilis.
S. prothorace pube ochraceo-argentea dense tecto; elytris parallelis, pube brevissima grisescente, postice densiore, apicibus modice mucronatis.
Hab.—Ceram.
Head brownish-red, sparingly pubescent, impunctate; prothorax densely clothed with an ochraceous silky pubescence, with about half-a-dozen punctures on each side near the base; scutellum transverse, slightly bilobed at the apex; elytra with the sides parallel, finely seriate-punctate, pubescence very short, yellowish-grey, thin at the base, gradually denser posteriorly, the apices slightly mucronate; body beneath and legs luteous,
VOL. III. THIRD SERIES, PART IV.—JUNE, 1867. Z
the sides of the thorax and abdomen with a golden-yellow pubescence, changing to greyish in certain lights; antennæ more than than twice as long as the body, the scape black, the rest dull brownish.
Length 6 lines.
Serixia lychnura.
S. capite prothoraceque rufo-luteis, leviter pubescentibus; elytris parallelis, pube grisescente dense tectis, lateribus nigris, apicibus spinosis rufescentibus.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Head and prothorax reddish-luteous, sparingly pubescent, impunctate; scutellum transverse, slightly bilobed at the apex; elytra parallel, covered with a dense silky yellowish-grey pubescence, except on the sides, which are black, and on which alone the punctuation is visible, the apices reddish, each furnished with a slender spine; body beneath and legs luteous, the four basal segments of the abdomen black; antennæ twice as long as the body, black.
Length 6 lines.
Serixia prolata.
Iole prolata, Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 254.
S. rubro-lutea, subtiliter pubescens, opaca; elytris breviusculis, seriatim punctatis, apicibus rotundatis; antennis corpore dimidio longioribus, articulis a quinto incluso nigris.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Reddish-luteous, not shining, pubescence very fine, with a few small erect hairs interspersed; head and prothorax sparingly punctured; scutellum semicircular; elytra rather short, seriatepunctate, the punctures somewhat irregular at the base near the suture and disappearing posteriorly, the apices rounded; body beneath and legs luteous; antennæ scarcely half as long again as the body, luteous as far as the tip of the fourth joint, the rest black.
Length 4 lines.
S. varians, Pasc., from Penang, a species allied to this, is narrower, with a silky pubescence, and has the whole of the antennæ, except the base of the fourth joint, black.
Serixia cephalotes.
Pascoe, Journ. of Entom. i. 354.
S. rufo-testacea, sericea; elytris subangustatis, basi excepta nigricantibus, apicibus rotundatis albicantibus; antennis corpore duplo longioribus, fuscis, scapo infra et basi articuli quarti testaceis.
Hab.—Batchian, Morty, Saylee.
Pale reddish-testaceous, very silky and shiny; head and prothorax obsoletely punctured, covered with a short, slightly silky pubescence, the former often considerably broader than the prothorax; scutellum subtransverse, bilobed at the apex; elytra rather narrow, seriate-punctate anteriorly, pubescence coarse, greyish under the lens, but to the eye brownish-black, except at the base, the apices whitish, and rounded; body beneath and legs pale testaceous; antennæ more than twice as long as the body, blackish-brown, except the under surface of the scape and the base of the fourth joint.
Length 3½—4 lines.
The head varies in breadth and the antennæ in length. One of Mr. Wallace's specimens (ticketed ♀) has the elytra entirely of a rich fulvous-yellow; another specimen (♂) is so very silky as almost to lose the dark colour of the elytra in certain lights. From a slip of the pen, or in some other way, the scutellum was originally stated to be triangular; it is, however, as it is here described.
Serixia longicornis.
Iole longicornis, Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 255.
S. fulvo-testacea, sub-sericea; elytris angustis, seriatim punctatis; antennis corpore triplo longioribus, tenuissimis, articulis duobus basalibus fuscis, cæteris fulvis, apicem versus gradatim nigricantibus.
Hab.—Singapore, Ceram, Batchian, Bouru, (Waigiou?).
Rather dull testaceous-yellow, but varying to silvery grey in certain lights; head and prothorax nearly obsoletely punctured, the latter with the central ridge nearly equal throughout; scutellum semicircular; elytra narrow, obviously seriate-punctate; body beneath and legs testaceous; antennæ more than three times as long as the body, very slender, the two basal joints brownish-black, the third fulvous, the remainder gradually darker.
Length 2½ lines.
Z 2
The specimen from Waigiou has the head very broad, the central ridge of the prothorax slightly gibbous, the punctures on the elytra very much hidden by the pubescence, and the antennæ decidedly stouter; at best, however, it would be but a doubtful species.
Serixia literata.
Iole literata, Pascoe, l. c., pl. xxv. fig. 9.
S. fulvo-testacea; prothorace elytrisque vitta laterali fusca, apicibus ad suturam mucronatis.
Hab.—Macassar.
Dull testaceous-yellow, with a silky pubescence; prothorax with a dark stripe on each side, continuous with another on the elytron, which extends rather more than half its length; elytra narrow, finely seriate-punctate, the apices mucronate at the sutural angle; body beneath and legs pale luteous; antennæ more than twice as long as the body, luteous, but gradually duskier towards the apex.
Length 3 lines.
Serixia prœusta.
S. fulvo-testacea, dense pubescens; apicibus elytrorum antennisque, scapo et basi articuli quarti exceptis, nigrescentibus.
Hab.—Mysol.
Pale fulvo-testaceous, covered with a dense but somewhat unequal pubescence of the same colour, varying in certain lights to greyish; head and prothorax impunctate; scutellum semicircular; elytra obscurely seriate-punctate, the apices blackish; body beneath dull testaceous; antennæ more than twice as long as the body, very slender, blackish, the scape and base of the fourth joint excepted.
Length 4 lines.
In colour this species resembles S. sedata from Siam, but has slenderer and longer antennæ, not entirely black, the head and prothorax impunctate, and the punctures on the elytra less manifest.
Serixia quadrina.
S. fulvo-testacea; elytris pube albicante tectis, humeris apicibusque nigricantibus.
Hab.—Morty.
Pale fulvo-testaceous; head and prothorax impunctate, with a short greyish pubescence; scutellum semicircular; elytra ob-
scurely seriate-punctate, covered with a whitish pubescence, especially in certain lights, a large squarish humeral patch and the apical third blackish, the apices, however, with a nearly unvarying ashy whitish pubescence; body beneath and legs fulvo-testaceous; antennæ more than twice as long as the body, slender, blackish, the bases of the scape and fourth and fifth joints excepted.
Length 4 lines.
A female specimen from Morty closely resembles this species, but the elytra are entirely immaculate.
Serixia ornata.
Pascoe, Journ. of Entom. i. 353, pl. xvii. fig. 9.
S. rufescens; elytris pube subtilissima griseo-cervina tectis, macula communi basali alteraque pone medium albis.
Hab.—Batchian.
Varies from reddish-testaceous to reddish-chesnut; the elytra darker, obscurely seriate-punctate, and covered with a short greyish-fawn pubescence, a large and well-limited spot common to both elytra at the base, and a round spot on each behind the middle, composed of pure white coarsish hairs; body beneath and legs pale rufous-testaceous; antennæ about twice the length of the body, brownish, the third and fourth joints a little paler at the base.
Length 3½—4 lines.
Serixia fulvida.
S. ochracea; elytrorum apicibus mucronatis; antennis pedibusque nigris, illis articulo quarto basi testaceo, his femoribus anticis subtus ochraceis.
Hab.—Batchian.
Ochraceous, covered with a very delicate pubescence; head and prothorax obsoletely punctured; scutellum transverse, bilobed at the apex; elytra subseriate-punctate, their apices mucronate; body beneath, except the propectus, black; legs black, the underside of the anterior femora excepted; antennæ half as long again as the body, the base of the fourth joint testaceous, the rest black.
Length 5 lines.
This is the only species of Serixia with the legs almost entirely black. One of my specimens is much darker, with the apices of
the elytra more acute, and the punctures larger than in the type, but in other respects I can see nothing to warrant its separation.
BACCHISA.
Characteres ut in Serixia, sed frons inter antennas cristata, oculi divisi, et antennœ crassiores.
The very remarkable and unique example on which I have founded this genus is at once distinguished by its divided eyes, independently of the strange crest which it bears in front, and which, even if it be generically characteristic, is perhaps only an appendage of the male sex.
Bacchisa coronata. (Pl. XV. fig. 11.)
B. rufo-lutea; antennis elytrisque nigro-chalybeatis.
Hab.—Flores.
Clear yellowish-red, the antennæ and elytra blueish-black; head impunctate, very broad in front, spreading out to the antennary tubers, which are very widely apart, the space between them concave, but sending up in the middle an erect squarish protuberance, slightly bilobed above, each lobe tipped with a pencil of long hairs, a similar but smaller pencil of hairs clothing each of the antennary tubers, an elevated line in front extending from the notch in the protuberance to the lip; eyes black; prothorax nearly obsoletely punctured; scutellum semicircular; elytra irregularly punctured, covered with a scattered coarse greyish pubescence, the apex rounded; body beneath and legs more luteous, the tarsi and ends of the tibiæ brownish; antennæ black, half as long again as the body, slightly hairy.
Length 5 lines.
XYASTE.
Xyaste, Pascoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1866, p. 257.
Caput mediocre, antice transversum. Oculi emarginati, lobo superiore multo minore. Antennœ corpore longiores, filiformes, scapo tenuiter cylindrico, articulo tertio incrassato, sequentibus brevioribus et æqualibus. Elytra paulo depressa. Prothorax, pedes, &c. ut in Serixia.
Besides the character of the antennæ, this genus has a more depressed and less compact form than Serixia. This, however, is more evident in some species than in others. The species scarcely very in size, and the pubescence is less silky than in Serixia.
§ Third joint of the antennæ longer than the scape.
Xyaste semiusta. (Pl. XV. fig. 4.)
X. brunneo-testacea, dimidio postico elytrorum nigricante; antennarum articulo octavo basi testaceo.
Hab.—Sumatra.
Pale brownish-testaceous, with the posterior half of the elytra blackish; head thinly punctured, clouded with brown in front; prothorax with only a few scattered punctures, the sides blackish; scutellum transverse, rounded behind; elytra finely seriate-punctate, the interstices slightly raised, the posterior black portion shading off anteriorly, the external margins also black; body beneath blackish, shining, the coxæ, the anterior femora beneath, and the base of the intermediate femora testaceous; antennæ nearly three times as long as the body, the first three joints and the base of the fourth black, the remainder, except the base of the eighth, dark brown or blackish.
Length 3 lines.
Xyaste paradoxa.
X. brunneo-testacea; elytris, basi excepta, nigricantibus; antennarum articulo octavo toto nigro.
Hab.—Singapore.
Brownish-testaceous; the elytra, except a small portion of the base and shoulders, blackish; head with a deep vertical groove in front, each side of the groove bounded above by the antennary tuber, the lower part ending in a very strong triangular tooth directed obliquely outwards; prothorax nearly impunctate; scutellum triangular, slightly rounded at the apex; elytra finely seriate-punctate, the apices nearly rounded; body beneath blackish, the coxæ and anterior and intermediate femora more or less dull testaceous; antennæ black, the fourth joint, except at the base, and the fifth and sixth, paler.
Length 3 lines.
The singularly grooved face of this insect may be only accidental, more probably it is sexual; unfortunately I have only a single specimen.
Xyaste invida.
X. subangusta, brunneo-testacea, apice elytrorum nigricante; antennarum articulo octavo basi testaceo.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Narrower than the two preceding species, clear brownish-tes-
taceous, the apex of the elytra blackish; head sparingly punctured, clouded with blackish in front, the cheeks with a silvery pubescence; prothorax black at the sides; scutellum rounded posteriorly, brown; elytra black at the external margins; body beneath and legs nearly entirely blackish, the coxæ and anterior femora paler, the abdomen with a slightly silvery pubescence; anteunæ blackish, the apical half of the fourth joint and the base of the eighth testaceous, the fifth and sixth joints dull testaceous.
Length 2¾ lines.
Xyaste torrida.
X. brunneo-testacea; fronte maculis duabus nigris; elytris postice subsericeo-ochraceis; antennarum articulo octavo basi testaceo.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Brownish-testaceous; the prothorax with a reddish tinge; head with two blackish spots in front; scutellum scutiform; elytra rather finely seriate-punctate, the pubescence towards the apex becoming somewhat silky and ochraceous in certain lights; body beneath and legs brownish, shining, the anterior femora beneath dull testaceous, abdomen sparingly pubescent; antennæ with the first three joints and the base of the fourth black, the remainder pale fulvous, gradually becoming darker towards the tip, but with the base of the eighth clear testaceous.
Length 3 lines.
Xyaste subminiacea.
X. latior, opaca, rufa; fronte nigricante; elytris rufis, opacis, margine exteriore pone humeros fusco.
Hab.—Singapore.
Broader than the last, pale reddish or orange, opake; head dark brown on the vertex and between the eyes; prothorax with a whitish pubescence on each side, succeeded by a dark brown stripe; scutellum triangular; elytra covered with a thick dull orange tomentum, the sides behind the shoulders bordered with dark brown; body beneath blackish, the coxæ and bases of the femora testaceous, the abdomen with a varying silvery pubescence; antennæ with the first three joints and base of the fourth black, the remainder obscurely varied with testaceous and brown.
Length 4 lines.
Xyaste finita.
X. brunneo-testacea; prothorace obscure nigro-bisignato; elytris apice nigris; femoribus basi tarsisque testaceis.
Hab.—Kaioa.
Brownish-testaceous; the elytra black at the apex, the pubescence very thin and opake; head and prothorax nearly impunctate, the latter almost glabrous, or with a few scattered greyish hairs only, and a dull indefinite black patch on each side; scutellum nearly semicircular; elytra with a short pale pubescence, rather strongly seriate-punctate, the black at the apex transversely and very definitely separated from the testaceous; body beneath and legs brownish-testaceous, the femora and tibiæ blotched with black, gradually more decided from the anterior to the posterior legs; antennæ blackish-brown, the fourth joint, except at the base, and the eighth, except at the apex, testaceous.
Xyaste palliata.
X. nigra; elytrorum dimidio basali (vel ultra medium) pallide flavo; femoribus nigris, basi testaceis; tibiis tarsisque obscure nigris.
Hab.—Saylee.
Black; the base and middle of the elytra testaceous, the pubescence thin and opake; head with a few punctures in front, cheeks and part above the mouth testaceous; prothorax nearly impunctate; scutellum rounded behind; elytra somewhat narrow, the black portion well defined, and transverse at its junction with the testaceous a little behind the middle; body beneath black, except the sterna; legs black, the coxæ and more or less of the femora testaceous; antennæ black, the middle of the fourth joint and the base of the eighth testaceous.
Length 3½ lines.
Xyaste cupida.
X. fulvo-lutescens, pube aurea subsericea tecta; elytris pone medium nigris; tarsis fuscescentibus.
Hab.—Batchian.
Yellowish-luteous; elytra behind the middle black, the pubescence on the luteous parts golden-yellow and somewhat silky; head and prothorax impunctate; scutellum rounded behind; elytra with a rather close pubescence, partially obscuring the punctures, the black portion well defined and separated in an oblique direc-
tion outwards and downwards from the luteous; body beneath luteous, gradually darker on the abdomen, the last segment nearly black and shining; legs blackish, the anterior femora and the intermediate and posterior at the base, the tibiæ and tarsi brownish; antennæ black, the fourth and eighth joints ringed with testaceous as in the preceding species.
Length 3½ lines.
Xyaste trigonalis.
X. lutescens, pube pallide grisea tecta; elytris a medio nigris; tarsis testaceis.
Hab.—Morty.
Pale luteous; elytra from the middle black, the luteous parts covered with a pale grey or whitish pubescence, not silky but slightly varying in different lights; head and prothorax impunctate; scutellum smaller than in any of the preceding species; elytra with the black portion commencing at a point nearly in the centre and proceeding obliquely outwards and downwards; body beneath luteous, the episterna of the metathorax and adjoining part of the sternum black; legs luteous, the apical half of the posterior femora black, the tibiæ brownish; antennæ black, the fourth and eighth joints ringed with testaceous as in the preceding species.
Length 4 lines.
In colour this bears a considerable resemblance to X. cupida, but the pubescence is thinner and not silky, the elytra are longer, their punctures more marked, and the black part is larger and advances at a sharper angle on the suture, &c.
§ § Third joint of the antennæ shorter than the scape.
Xyaste nigripes.
Serixia nigripes, Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 255.
X. brunneo-testacea; antennarum articulis tribus basalibus, corpore infra pedibusque, nigris.
Hab.—Singapore (and Penang).
Pale brownish-testaceous above, thinly furnished with short greyish hairs; head and prothorax with comparatively few scattered punctures, those on the elytra coarser and more numerous, arranged in well-marked lines, except towards the suture, where they are more crowded and irregular; body beneath, legs and the first three joints of the antennæ black.
Length 3½—4 lines.
Xyaste fumosa.
X. nigrescens; elytris basi ferrugineis; medio antennarum testaceo.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Blackish-brown, with short scattered hairs, the base of the elytra ferruginous; head and prothorax with few scattered punctures, the latter with the pubescence having silvery reflexions in certain lights; elytra rather elongate, seriate-punctate, the punctures deep and closely arranged, especially at the base; body beneath and legs blackish; the first three joints of the antennæ black, the three following testaceous, the rest gradually becoming darker, the third joint considerably shorter than the scape.
Length 3½ lines.
ASTATHEINÆ.
The only author who has paid any attention to Astathes and its allied genera, M. J. Thomson, in his earlier work (Arch. Ent. i. p. 45), formed of them a "groupe" apart, named Tetraophthalmites, to which, however, he also attached Tetraopes, Tetrops and Tetraglenes, on account of their divided eyes. In the "Essai" (p. 66) they formed a "division" of the "sous-groupe" Apomecynitœ, under the name of Tetraopesitæ, with the addition of the genus Phæa. In the more recent "Systema," (p. 117) they became a "sous-division" of the Obereitœ, which is itself a "division" of the "groupe" Amphionychitœ. With the exception of Serixia, which I have already referred to the Saperdinœ, and Cleonaria, which is unknown to me, this subdivision corresponds with the Astatheinœ as here limited.
The most remarkable of the characters of the Astatheinœ consists in having the metasternum projected forwards between the intermediate coxæ so as to cover more or less completely the ventral surface of the mesosternum—the vertical portion only being visible. Unfortunately this character is present only in Astathes, Eustathes and Tropimetopa,* and it disappears entirely without any gradual modification in the remaining genera. Another character is the broad lobe found at the base of each of the claws; these appendiculate claws show themselves again in the Phytœciinœ. There is also another structural peculiarity to be noticed in the mentum and lower lip. These two are closely connected, so that it is difficult to trace any line of demarcation
* And in the African genus Ecphora.
between them; together they form a narrow, parallel, somewhat quadrangular organ, the two lobes of the lip united, and at their junction presenting a strongly-marked keel or rib. The labial palpi arise from two deep approximate depressions nearly midway, which may perhaps be taken as the line between the mentum and labium.* It may be also remarked that the anterior coxæ in the more typical genera are globose, passing only a little beyond their cotyloid cavities.
Except Ecphora, which is limited to a single species, the whole of this family are either Malayan or Indian, not many, however, extending beyond the former region. They are generally found flying or rather "floating slowly" over newly fallen timber. Tetraopes, an American genus, sometimes referred to this sub-family on account of its divided eyes, I regard as a member of the Amphionychinœ.
Genera.
Metasternum produced anteriorly. | |
Metasternal process received in a notch of the mesosternum. | |
Elytra rounded at the apices | Eustathes, Newm. |
Elytra spined at the apices | Tropimetopa, Thoms. |
Metasternal process lying on the mesosternum | Astathes, Newm. |
Metasternum not produced anteriorly. | |
Scape not longer than the third joint. | |
Elytra rounded at the apices | Chreonoma, n. g. |
Elytra spined at the apices | Ochrocesis, n. g. |
Scape longer than the third joint. | |
Prothorax tumid at the sides | Cyanastus, n. g. |
Prothorax nearly cylindrical | Momisis, n. g. |
ASTATHES.
Astathes, Newman, Entom. i. 299 (1842).
Tetraophthalme, Blanchard, Hist. Ins. ii. 161 (1845).
Caput antice convexum, rotundatum; tuberibus antenniferis obsoletis. Oculi lobis remotis. Antennœ setaceæ, corpore breviores, basi valde distantes; scapo articulo tertio breviore, sequentibus gradatim decrescentibus, apice acuto.
* The species examined were Astathes nitens and flaviventris, Tropimetopa simulater, Cyanastus aulicus and Chreonoma tabida.
Prothorax in medio gibbosus, lateribus dentatus vel tumidus, postice sulcatus, basi bisinuatus. Elytra latiuscula, sæpissime tricarinata, apicibus rotundata. Pedes breviusculi, æquales; femora modice incrassata; tarsi breves; unguiculi basi appendiculati. Prosternum elevatum. Mesosternum metasterno omnino tectum.
The type of this genus, A. perplexa, Newm., is a Manillan insect, and is the only species known to me in which the prothorax is strongly toothed; in all the others there is merely a tumidity, which in some cases is very prominent, including a large part of the side; it is also one of the few species in which the lines on the elytra are scarcely or only slightly raised, although their places are indicated by the absence of punctures, and sometimes, of a very delicate line. All the species have a glossy derm clothed with short setose scattered hairs, but the coloration is often a little uncertain. Astathes perplexa, for instance, generally unicolorous, has sometimes a large violet spot on each elytron; and in others the blue or violet varies in extent, or becomes purplish. Nevertheless the disposition of the colours, which are mostly a combination of yellowish-testaceous or fulvous, violet or blue, and black, affords, in conjunction with other characters, a sufficiently satisfactory clue to the discrimination of the species. The gibbosity of the prothorax rises more or less gradually from the apex, and is often slightly notched behind. Generally the punctures on the head and prothorax are few and small; those on the elytra are in many individuals surrounded by a very evident deeply-coloured border—areolated as they have been termed—but other specimens, which do not appear to be otherwise different, have none or only very slight indications of this areolation. Species of this genus occur in Northern India, Northern China and in Japan, but Mr. Wallace does not appear to have found any east of Borneo.
Astathes unicolor.
A. flavo-testacea; antennis apice infuscatis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Entirely yellowish-testaceous, except the apices of the antennæ, which are of the usual brownish colour, but rather paler than in the majority of species; the elytra with a slightly opaline tinge; gibbosity of the prothorax sloping gradually down in front to the apex and attaining its highest point nearly in the middle of the disk (in A. perplexa it is flattened and bilobed in front, without
attaining the apex); elytra with the lines well marked, areolæ of the punctures very close together; body beneath with roughish hairs.
Length 5½ lines.
M. J. Thomson's A. testacea (Arch. Ent. i. 55) differs in having the basal segments of the abdomen black.*
Astathes nitens.
Cerambyx nitens, Fabricius, Syst. Eleuth. ii. 279.
A. capite prothoraceque nigris; scutello fulvescente; elytris fulvescentibus, apicibus late violaceis; pectore pedibusque flavescentibus, abdomine nigro.
Hab.—Sumatra.
Head, prothorax and abdomen black; scutellum, elytra, sterna, legs and palpi, fulvous; antennæ testaceous, with the scape blackish above, the terminal joints gradually becoming brownish; head and prothorax very distinctly and irregularly punctured, apex of the gibbosity pointed; elytra rather broad, the punctures shallow, small, and arranged in a somewhat linear manner; body beneath glabrous, glossy.
Length 6 lines.
Fabricius has clearly defined this insect, but he has another Cerambyx nitens (Syst. El. ii. 267), adopted from Olivier, but which is a Callichroma.
Astathes Daldorfii.
Cerambyx Daldorfii, Fabricius, Syst. Eleuth. ii. 279.
A. capite prothoraceque nigris; scutello nigro; elytris flavescentibus, basi apiceque cyaneis; corpore infra femoribusque nigris.
Hab.—Malacca (Mount Ophir).
Head, prothorax, scutellum, femora and the whole of the body beneath black; gibbosity of the prothorax flattened; elytra ful-
* I have recently received an insect from Labuan closely allied to the above, of which indeed it may possibly be only a variety, but besides the colour, which, on the elytra, is of a rich vermilion with decided blueish reflexions, it has the upper lobes of the eyes larger and more approximate, and the scape stouter. This beautiful species may be differentiated as follows:—
Astathes coccinea.
A. rufo-testacea; prothorace elytrisque coccineis, his cœruleo opalinatis.
Hab.—Labuan.
vous, with a narrow strip at the base and apex dark violet; palpi and tarsi fulvous, the tibiæ tinged with blackish; head and prothorax distinctly punctured, the pu´ctures thicker on the latter; elytra finely punctured.
Length 5—6 lines.
The Lamia Daldorfii of Illiger (in Wiedemann's Arch. für Zool. i. pt. ii. p. 136) includes three species, but I have here confined the name to the one described by Fabricius, which is at once differentiated by the violet apices and base of the elytra, and the body beneath entirely black.
Astathes posticalis.
J. Thomson, Syst. Ceramb. p. 558.
A capite prothoraceque nigris; elytris dimidio basali violaceis, cæteris flavis; postpectore flavescenti; propectore, femoribus, abdomineque fuscis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Head, prothorax and scutellum black; basal half of the elytra violet, the remainder yellow; body beneath dark brown, except the meso- and meta-sterna, which, with the tibiæ, tarsi and antennæ, are pale yellowish, the latter darker at the tip; prothorax with the posterior groove deeply bisinuate, the gibbosity flattish, but with a short point behind the middle; elytra broad, punctures small, in one specimen areolated on the posterior half; femora black, tibiæ and tarsi yellowish.
Length 7 lines.
A broad, full-bodied species, the most so perhaps of the genus. Differs from A. ignorantinus, J. Thoms., in the body beneath and the four anterior legs being yellow, the posterior black. My specimens differ from M. Thomson's description in the lower part of the tibiæ and the tarsi being yellowish, not black.
Astathes terminata.
Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 109.
A. capite prothoraceque nigris; elytris læte violaceis, parte apicali flavis; corpore infra femoribusque fusco-piceis; disco prothoracis sub-bicarinato.
Hab.—Singapore.
Head, prothorax and scutellum black; elytra violet, the posterior half or third yellow; body beneath dark pitchy-brown; femora paler; tibiæ and tarsi yellowish; antennæ pale yellow,
the scape pitchy; prothorax with the gibbosity slightly ridged on each side, each ridge deeply excavated anteriorly; elytra narrower than in the preceding, punctures small.
Length 6½ lines.
This is a flatter insect than A. posticalis, which it much resembles in colour, but is narrower, with the disk of the prothorax slightly keeled on each side of the gibbosity. Astathes ignorantinus, J. Thoms. (Arch. Ent. i. 51), differs in the body being yellow beneath.
Astathes flaviventris.
A. (♂) angustata; capite prothoraceque nigris; elytris violaceis, parte apicali flavis; pectore, femoribus tibiisque piceis; abdomine flavo.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Much narrower than either of the preceding, and scarcely differing in coloration from the last, except that the abdomen is bright yellow; prothorax without any point, the gibbosity simply rounded above and sinking on each side posteriorly; elytra finely punctured; scape and second joint of the antennæ pale chesnut, the last three or four joints black.
Length 5—6 lines.
The male is unusually narrow; the violet is sometimes replaced by purple.
Astathes contentiosa.
A. capite prothoraceque nigris; elytris purpureis, parte apicali flavis; corpore infra femoribusque purpureo-nigris, nitidis; disco prothoracis in medio oblongo-tuberculato.
Hab.—Singapore.
Head and prothorax black; basal half of the elytra purple, the remainder yellow, the two colours limited in an oblique direction from the middle of the suture outwards; body beneath and femora glossy purplish-black; antennæ, tibiæ and tarsi yellowish, the former pitchy at the base and brownish at the apex; prothorax only slightly elevated on the disk, the middle with an oblong tubercle strongly punctured on each side.
Length 5 lines.
I have only seen a single example of this species, which agrees pretty much in colour with A. terminata, but is at once distinguished by its prothorax.
Astathes fulgida.
? Cerambyx fulgidus, Fabricius, Syst. Eleuth. ii. 280.
A. capite prothoraceque pallide flavis; elytris totis læte violaceis.
Hab.—Sumatra.
Entirely pale yellow, except the elytra, which are of a very rich dark violet; head flattened between the tubers, projecting in front between the eyes; prothorax with an oblong gibbosity well limited at the sides and posteriorly by a broad but somewhat shallow groove, the apex nearly in the centre, punctures few and confined to the gibbosity; scutellum very transverse; elytra with fine well-marked ridges, the outermost forming an angle with the nearly vertical sides.
Length 6 lines.
I have only a single specimen, with which the description of Fabricius agrees so far as it goes, except that the pale yellow becomes ferruginous. M. J. Thomson's A. cyanipennis "paulo revocat A. fulgidam," but the ferruginous is replaced by black. It is from the Celebes (Syst. p. 557).
Astathes velata.
J. Thomson, Systema Ceramb. p. 557.
A. capite, prothorace, elytrisque fulvis, his ad humeros læte violaceis; corpore infra pedibusque fulvis.
Hab.—Java.
Almost entirely bright fulvous or rather croceous, the eyes and apices of the antennæ black, the violet at the base of the elytra interrupted at the suture.
Length 5½ lines.
Astathes splendida.
Cerambyx splendidus, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. i. pt. 2, p. 263.
A. capite prothoraceque fulvis; elytris dimidio basali violaceis; corpore infra pedibusque fulvescentibus.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Differs from A. velata in not having the violet interrupted at the suture. Astathes decipiens, Pasc. (Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, v. 46), not in Mr. Wallace's collection, differs, inter alia, in the nearly obsolete punctuation on the apical portion of the elytra.
VOL. III. THIRD SERIES, PART IV.—JUNE, 1867. A A
Astathes purpurea.
Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 108.
A. capite prothoraceque nigris; elytris totis purpureis; antennis tarsisque testaceis.
Hab.—Singapore.
Head and prothorax black, the rest of the insect dark purple, except the antennæ, metasternum and tarsi, which are testaceous, the former slightly pitchy at the base; prothorax with the point of its gibbosity in the middle, a large fovea in front nearly intermediate between the point and anterior border; elytra with two well marked ridges, the third close to the suture, and almost confounded with it.
Length 5 lines.
Another species allied to this, but not in the present collection, has been described by me under the name of A. caloptera (Journ. of Entom. i. 63). It is from Labuan, and has the elytra of the richest imaginable blue, with violet reflexions in certain lights.
Astathes pulchella.
A. angustior, flavo-ferruginea; elytris dimidio basali læte violaceis, postice flavis; medipectore fusco.
Hab.—Sumatra, Malacca.
Narrower than any of the preceding, reddish-fulvous, the basal half of the elytra violet or blue, apical half gamboge-yellow; head and prothorax covered with very distinct, somewhat scattered punctures, the latter with the central callus raised at the base only; scutellum transverse; elytra finely punctured; body beneath yellowish, the medipectus dark brown; antennæ with the two or three terminal joints blackish; legs entirely yellowish.
Length 4—6 lines.
EUSTATHES.
Eustathes, Newman, Entom. i. 300.
Characteres ut in Astathe, sed antennœ sub-lineares, prothorax bicarinato-callosus, metasternum apice in sinu mesosterni receptum, corpus minus amplum, elongatum.
The real difference between this genus and the preceding appears to me to reside in the modification of the mesosternum, which here rises to the level of the metasternum, and forms a kind of small sinus or indentation which receives the apex of the latter. Besides this character, the gibbosity on the disk of the prothorax
is bounded on each side by a longitudinal curved ridge, with its concavity outwards. The sublinear antennæ also are probably a good although somewhat difficult character to seize. Mr. Newman notices none of these points, the only strongly contrasted peculiarity being the long parallel elytra of this and the broad elytra of Astathes. The new species described below differs, inter alia, from the type (E. flava) in the posterior third of the elytra being black, and the abdomen and legs fulvous.
Eustathes semiusta.
E. fulva, vel rubro-fulva, antennis elytrisque postice nigris.
Hab.—Amboyna.
Fulvous or reddish-fulvous, finely pubescent, the posterior third or a little more of the elytra, black; head with a slight semicircular or rather horse-shoe-shaped raised line between the eyes, the convexity downwards, the front obscurely punctured; prothorax impunctate, the ridges glabrous, black and shining; scutellum semicircular; elytra finely and irregularly punctured, the longitudinal lines only slightly elevated; body beneath and legs fulvous, the outer edges of the intermediate tibiæ, in one specimen, bordered with black hairs; antennæ black, a little shorter than the body in the male.
Length 6 lines (♂), 8 lines (♀).
CYANASTUS.
Caput et oculi ut in Astathe. Antennœ corpore breviores, basi valde distantes; scapo articulo tertio longiore; secundo paulo elongato; quarto et sequentibus gradatim decrescentibus. Prothorax haud callosus, lateribus tumidus, basi bisinuatus. Elytra convexa, ampla, haud carinata, postice latiora, apice rotundata. Pedes mediocres; tibiæ subæquales. Prosternum demissum, angustatum. Mesosternum angustatum, declive, metasterno haud occultum. Metasternum valde convexum. Corpus amplum.
The habit of this genus is very similar to that of Astathes, but the body is in no respect depressed. In its technical characters, however, it is more nearly allied to Chreonoma, differing principally in its longer and more cylindrical scape, the bisinuate base of the prothorax, and very convex outline. The two species described below agree in coloration, but the prothorax of the second is dif-
A A 2
ferently shaped from that of the type. Both species are thinly covered with short stiffish erect hairs.
Cyanastus aulicus. (Pl. XVI. fig. 2.)
C. fulvus, elytris læte cyaneis; prothorace valde transverso, antice multo angustiore.
Hab.—Macassar.
Fulvous, shining, elytra bright glossy blue, blackish and opaque on each side behind the shoulders; head and prothorax finely punctured, each puncture furnished with a stiffish erect hair, base of the antennary tubers and sometimes the middle of the prothorax spotted with black; scutellum semicircular, yellow; elytra finely punctured, clothed with short erect hairs, especially at the sides; body beneath and legs yellow, hairy, the tibiæ and tarsi blackish or blueish; antennæ yellowish, the outer side of the basal joints and apex blackish.
Length 7 lines.
Cyanastus simius.
C. fulvus, elytris læte cyaneis; prothorace modice transverso, antice vix angustiore.
Hab.—Menado.
Differs from the former in the narrower prothorax, the apex and base nearly of the same breadth, and the lateral tumidity very much smaller; the elytra also are less convex.
TROPIMETOPA.
Tropimetopa, J. Thomson, Syst. Ceramb. p. 118.
Characteres ut in Astathe, sed caput antice inter oculos bicarinatum; elytra depressa, breviuscula, ampla, haud carinata, apicibus spinosis.
M. J. Thomson separated this genus from Hecphora (or as it should be written Ecphora) on account of the presence of two frontal ridges—one at the base of each antenna—and the depressed spined elytra. The former character, however, is found, although in a less degree, in Ecphora testator (an African species). Still, when we take into account the gibbous prothorax of Ecphora, prolonged posteriorly so as nearly to cover the scutellum, and contrast it with that of Tropimetopa, which is nearly of the same form as in Astathes, we cannot hesitate to adopt the genus.
Tropimetopa simulator.
Astathes simulator, Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 44.
T. brunneo-rubra, subnitida; antennis apice nigris.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Brownish-red, or in certain lights miniaceous, slightly nitid, covered above with short scattered erect hairs; head and prothorax finely punctured, the latter with an elevated squarish somewhat bilobed gibbosity; scutellum punctiform; elytra finely and irregularly punctured, the apex of each terminating at the sutural angle in a slightly oblique spine; body beneath and legs reddish-ferruginous, shining; antennœ nearly as long as the body in the male, pale ferruginous, the apex dark brown or black, the first two joints nearly glabrous, with a few longish hairs, the rest pubescent, fringed beneath.
Length 4 (♂)—5 (♀) lines.
OCHROCESIS.
Characteres ut in Chreonoma (post, p. 358), sed elytra angustata, parallela, apicibus spinosis.
It must be admitted that this genus is rather weakly characterized, and it might perhaps be viewed simply as an aberrant form of Chreonoma, nevertheless the spined apices of the elytra are so exceptional, occurring only again in this sub-family in Tropimetopa, that I think its separation will lead to a better appreciation of the genera, and serve to make Chreonoma a more nearly homogeneous group. There are two specimens. In the smallest one, probably the male, the antennæ are a trifle longer than the body; in the other, they scarcely reach to the end of the elytra.
Ochrocesis evanida. (Pl. XVI. fig. 3.)
O. testacea, postice dilutior; antennis apicem versus nigris.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Testaceous, paler posteriorly, clothed with numerous pale greyish, nearly erect, hairs; head and prothorax vaguely punctured, the latter without any median prominence; scutellum indistinctly separated from the elytra; the latter with well-marked punctures at the base, disappearing towards the apex; body beneath fulvous, the metasternum and its episterna blackish; legs and antennæ testaceous, the latter blackish at the spines.
Length 3—3½ lines.
CHREONOMA.
Caput et oculi ut in Astathe. antennœ corpore breviores, basi distantes; scapo breviusculo, apicem versus crassiore; articulo secundo paulo elongato; tertio sæpissime scapo longiore; quarto et quinto tertio longioribus; cæteris brevibus. Prothorax in medio subcallosus, lateribus paulo tumidus, basi fere rectus. Elytra haud carinata. sæpe breviuscula, parallela vel postice paulo latiora, lateribus nullo modo dilatatis. Pedes ut in Astathe. Prosternum demissum, angustissimum. Mesosternum angustatum, declive. Metasternum liberum.
Of the two species of Plaxomicrus (potius Placomicrus) originally described by M. J. Thomson (Arch. Ent. i. 57) one may be referred to Chreonoma; the other—P. ellipticus—standing as the type, according to the author's latest arrangement in his "Systema." M. Thomson, however, sinks his name as a synonym of M. Chevrolat's Astathes Fortunei, of which I cannot find any published description. I cannot help thinking that there is a mistake here, and that the two are perfectly distinct, the latter belonging to the present genus. The species described below are all of small size compared with Astathes, and are sparsely clothed above with short erect hairs, each issuing from a puncture in the derm; the elytra are generally punctured at the base only, the punctures nearly disappearing or becoming smaller towards the apex; the scutellum fits so closely to the elytra as to be made out with difficulty; the second joint of the antennæ, generally so very short, is here, as in Cyanastus, two or three times longer than its diameter.
Chreonoma venusta. (Pl. XVI. fig. 1.)
C. fulva; elytris nigro-purpureis, basi apiceque exceptis; antennis infuscatis.
Hab.—Batchian.
Fulvous, shining; elytra dark purple, the base and apex excepted; head and prothorax with small scattered piligerous punctures; scutellum triangular, indistinct; elytra clothed with numerous greyish hairs, coarsely punctured at the base, the dark purple band occupying the posterior three-fourths except the apex; legs and under surface yellowish, hairy; antennæ blackish, except the under surface of the first four or five joints, which are yellowish.
Length 4½ lines.
Chreonoma seclusa.
C. fulva; elytris basi nisi ad suturam fusco-purpureis; antennis infuscatis, articulis quarto et quinto fulvis.
Hab.—Batchian.
Fulvous, shining, the greater part of the basal half of the elytra, except at the suture, brownish-purple; head and prothorax with minute scattered piligerous punctures; scutellum transverse, broad at the base, the apex rounded; elytra rather finely punctured even at the base, clothed with scattered stiffish hairs; body beneath and legs yellowish, hairy; antennæ blackish, the under sides of the first three joints, and the fourth and fifth entirely, yellowish.
Length 5 lines.
Chreonoma flavicincta.
C. fulva; elytris nigro-purpureis, parte tertia mediana flava excepta.
Hab.—Saylee.
Fulvous; elytra dark purplish at the base and apex; head sparsely punctured, the front between the eyes with slight transverse folds; prothorax with small-scattered punctures, the disk with a dark purplish patch, which, however, is probably absent occasionally; scutellum semicircular, yellowish; elytra finely punctured, posteriorly impunctate, the intermediate portion, comprising about a third of the elytra, flavous; body beneath and legs brownish-fulvous; antennæ brownish, obscurely varied with fulvous, darker towards the apex.
Length 4½ lines.
Chreonoma bimaculata.
C. fulva; elytris pallide fulvis, singulis apicem versus macula magna violacea ornatis.
Hab.—Waigiou.
Fulvous; elytra pale fulvous, each marked near the apex with a large dark violet spot; head and prothorax very minutely punctured; scutellum semicircular; elytra punctured at the base, impunctate at the apex; body beneath and legs dull ochreous; antennæ fulvous, darker towards the apex.
Length 4½ lines.
Chreonoma melanura.
C. fulva; apicibus elytrorum nigro-purpureis.
Hab.—Singapore.
Fulvous, apices of the elytra dark purple with an opaline gloss; head and prothorax without punctures, except a few on each side of the callosity posteriorly; scutellum semicircular; elytra with fine scattered punctures at the bases, none at the apex; propectus fulvous; postpectus, abdomen and posterior femora and tibiæ dark purple, shining, the rest of the legs fulvous, the intermediate femora brownish; antennæ pale yellowish, the two terminal joints dusky.
Length 4½ lines.
Chreonoma nigriventris.
Astathes nigriventris, J. Thomson, Syst. Ceramb. p. 559.
C. fulva; elytris omnino subtestaceis; postpectore, abdomine, et femoribus posticis nigris, nitidis.
Hab.—Singapore.
Fulvous; the elytra entirely yellowish-testaceous; head and prothorax with several very distinct but scattered punctures, the latter with a well-marked apical groove; scutellum distinct, sub-scutiform; elytra finely punctured, the punctures at the base with a slightly raised border posteriorly; postpectus, abdomen, and posterior femora glossy black, fore and intermediate legs, and the tibiæ and tarsi of the posterior, except the base of the former, fulvous; antennæ pale yellowish, the base fulvous, the last two joints dusky.
Length 5—5½ lines.
Chreonoma vernula.
C. tota fulva, antennis oculisque nigris exceptis.
Hab.—Morty.
Entirely fulvous, the black antennæ and eyes only excepted; head and prothorax with scattered, very slightly impressed punctures; scutellum transverse; elytra coarsely punctured at the base, the punctures gradually smaller but still very distinct to the apex; body beneath and legs concolorous with the upper surface; antennæ with the third joint scarcely so long as the scape.
Length 3½—4 lines.
Chreonoma annulicornis.
C. tota fulva, antennarum scapo, articulis secundo, tertio, sexto et sequentibus nigris exceptis.
Hab.—Tondano.
Entirely fulvous; antennæ black, the underside of the scape and fourth and fifth joints excepted; head nearly obsoletely punctured; prothorax sparsely punctured; scutellum triangular; elytra rather strongly punctured at the base, the apical half impunctate; body beneath and legs paler than the upper surface; antennæ with the third joint longer than the scape.
Length 4 lines.
Chreonoma tabida.
C. tota fulva, abdominis segmentis quatuor ultimis nigris exceptis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Entirely pale fulvous, except the four last segments of the abdomen, which are black; head almost obsoletely punctured; prothorax rather prominent at the sides; scutellum triangular, indistinct; elytra with very small superficial punctures at the base, the apical half impunctate; sterna, legs and antennæ dull yellowish-testaceous, first abdominal segment glossy-yellowish, the rest black, shining.
Length 5 lines.
Chreonoma albicornis.
C. nigra; elytris cupreo-purpureis; antennis, basi excepta, albidis.
Hab.—Singapore.
Black; elytra copperish-purple, shining; antennæ yellowish-white, except the first two joints and the base of the third, which are black; head and prothorax nearly obsoletely punctured, the latter slightly raised in the middle; scutellum semicircular; elytra finely punctured, the apex impunctate; body beneath and legs dark chalybeate-blue, shining; antennæ as long as the body in the male.
Length 5 lines.
MOMISIS.
Characteres ut in Chreonoma, sed scapus elongatus, cylindricus, articulo tertio multo longior; prothorax cylindricus, brevis, haud callosus; elytra parallela.
This has the appearance of being the most aberrant of all the genera of the Astatheinœ, on account of its narrow cylindrical form.
There is only one example in the Collection, and this appears to be a female.
Momisis œgrota. (Pl. XVI. fig. 4.)
M. fulva; antennis basi excepta, postpectore, abdomineque nigris, nitidis.
Hab.—Flores.
Fulvous, slightly shining above; head and prothorax nearly impunctate, furnished with a few scattered hairs; scutellum subtriangular, indistinct; elytra covered with a tolerably close yellowish tomentum, and finely punctured nearly throughout, the basal punctures, however, more distinct; propectus and legs fulvous, postpectus and abdomen black, shining; antennæ shorter than the body (♀ ?), entirely black, except the base of the scape; the fourth joint considerably longer than the fifth, the two together shorter than the scape.
Length 6 lines.
PHYTœCIINÆ.
Since the commencement of this work I have examined a long series of specimens of the two great genera Glenea and Oberea, and their cognate forms, but however different the most typical species of the two groups may appear to be, I have come to the conclusion that there is no satisfactory division to be made between them, Scytasis, for example, combining the prominent characters of both; while there are other genera with their characters so mixed that there is obviously nothing to be gained by separating them from the true Phytœciinœ. It may be a question even if the Amphionychinœ are sufficiently differentiated by their double or deeply-cleft claws, in contradistinction to the dentate or simply appendiculate claws of the Phytœciinœ. The abruptly-deflected sides of the elytra, which are supposed to characterize the former, are found in many genera of the latter, so that the structure of the claws appears to afford a safer diagnosis between the two groups.
Taking then the three genera Phytœcia, Glenea, and Oberea, with their allies, as forming one sub-family, its most salient characters are found in the claws having a flattish tooth or appendage at the base of each, a peculiarity which is structurally scarcely different from the bifid claw of the Amphionychinœ, the inner branch being merely abbreviated, and rounded off or more or less obtuse at the edges: in their greatly exserted anterior coxæ, which are sometimes perfectly conical, as in Nitocris: and frequently in
their abruptly-deflected elytra, which, in the few species of Glenea with simple or nearly simple claws, will distinguish them from Saperdinœ.
While the Amphionychinœ are confined to tropical America,* the Phytœciinœ are spread over the rest of the world, except Australia and probably many or most of the Pacific Islands. When we consider that Mr. Wallace detected above 160 species of this sub-family in New Guinea and other parts of the Malayan Archipelago, we cannot but be struck with its entire absence from Australia; but it is only one among many instances which go to prove how thoroughly distinct are the beetle-faunas of the two regions. In the present Collection the great bulk of the species is confined to Glenea and Oberea. The latter genus is known in Europe. The 163 species here described I have distributed into ten genera, but a few Obereœ remain for further examination.
Genera.
Abdominal segments of unequal length (the three intermediate shortest). | |
Elytra abruptly deflexed at the sides. | |
Posterior tarsi scarcely or not much longer than the others. | |
Scape robust. | |
Posterior tibiæ rounded | Glenea, Newm. |
Posterior tibiæ compressed | Chlorisanis, n. g. |
Scape slender | Cryllis, n. g. |
Elytra rounded at the sides. | |
Tarsi of nearly equal length. | |
A pices of the elytra bimucronate | Daphisia, n. g. |
A pices of the elytra rounded | Tephrocoma, n. g. |
Posterior tarsi three or four times as long as the others | Ossonis, n. g. |
Abdominal segments nearly equal. | |
Elytra carinately deflexed at the sides. | |
Antennary tubers remote and divergent. | |
Prothorax abruptly constricted at the sides | Dystus, n. g. |
Prothorax subcylindrical | Nupserha, J. Thoms. |
Antennary tubers approximate | Scytasis, n. g. |
Elytra scarcely deflexed at the sides | Oberea, Muls. |
* Erana, Bates, I refer to the Amphionychinœ, as well as my genus Zeale.
GLENEA.
Sphenura, Laporte de Castelnau, Hist. Nat. Ins. ii. 489 (non Lichtenstein). Glenea, Newman, Entom. i. 301.
Caput antice paulo rotundatum, inter oculos canaliculatum. Oculi mediocres, anguste emarginati. Antennœ distantes, corpore rarissime breviores (♂), obsolete articulatœ, scapo cylindrico, articulo tertio cæteris multo longiori, sequentibus paulo sensim decrescentibus. Prothorax cylindricus, supra quadratus, postice lateraliter parum constrictus, basi haud sulcatus. Elytra trigonata (♂), magis parallela (♀), disco subdepressa; carina fere obsoleta sæpe instructa; humeris productis; lateribus carinato-deflexis, raro carina obsoleta; apicibus emarginatis vel truncatis, bispinosis (G. Thomsoni excepta). Pedes modice elongati, postici longiores; femora haud clavata; tibiæ paulo trigonatæ; tarsi æquales, aliquando postici paulo longiores. Ungues in maribus simplices, sed generaliter obtuso-dentati, aliquando acuto-dentati (e. g. G. Amboynica, G. cyanipennis, etc.). Pro- et mesosterna simplicia. Abdomen segmentis tribus intermediis brevioribus.
This genus was first described by M. de Castelnau in 1840, under the name of Sphenura, a name previously used for a genus of birds, and was founded on S. novemguttata of Dejean's Catalogue. Mr. Newman, in 1842, changed the name to Glenea, and described several new species from the Phillippine Islands; and M. J. Thomson,* in his various works, has since added a very
* In the "Archives Entomologiques," Glenea was treated as identical with Stibara, Hope, but subsequently it was considered by M. Thomson to be sufficiently differentiated by its tumid prothorax, to which may be added the bicarinated disk of the elytra, and the stouter and more distinctly articulated antennæ; the two last characters would, however, exclude Lamia nigricornis, Fab. (Ent. Syst. i. pt. 2, p. 270), hitherto included in it. This species has also a habit so peculiar that, I think, it should form the type of a distinct group, which may be named and characterized as follows:—
NICOTELEA.
Caput antice quadratum; oculi mediocres. Antennœ robustæ, breviusculæ, articulis cylindricis. Prothorax lateraliter tumidus, disco irregulari. Elytra dorso planata, haud carinata, lateribus subito deflexis, apicibus truncatis. Pedes robusti, postici paulo longiores. Pro- et meso-sterna simplicia.
Type Nicotelea nigricornis, Fab. India, Ceylon.
Stibara obsoleta, Thoms., Ess. &c., p. 60 (1860) is my S. (Glenea) rufina, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 259 (1857).
considerable number to the list. Although there is a sufficiently natural resemblance running through the whole of the species, so that they may be recognized at a glance, we feel our ideas of the generic boundary somewhat disturbed when we observe the great discrepancy which exists if some of the species be compared with others, for example, G. picta with G. miles, or G. Vesta with G. Delia. Nevertheless there appear to be no characters by which a satisfactory separation may be made. The division of the species by intervening lines, which I have made in the attempt to indicate their affinities, is one chiefly dependent on colour, and colour in this genus, so far as it depends on ornamentation, is to a certain extent variable. In the species whose trophi I have examined with the hope of finding some reliable characters, the labium was more or less hexagonal, its palpi arising from a little within the two lateral angles, the last joint being fusiform and pointed, but in G. citrina I found the labium ovate, with its palpi very short, and the last joint very stout and broadly truncate. In two nearly allied species, however,—G. spilota and angerona,—the palpi are of the normal form. The dorsal extremity of the anal segment of the abdomen of the males is often furnished with two processes, varying in size, close together, or divergent; these and the ædeagus might perhaps furnish reliable characters for the discrimination of closely allied species.
Many of the Gleneæ are very striking and handsome insects. Mr. Wallace informs me that they are found in sunny glades in the forests, settling on leaves, rarely more than one individual being seen at a time, and they fly off rapidly when disturbed. They are almost entirely confined to the Malayan region and to West Africa, none, so far as I know, being found in South Africa* or in Australia; but from the former region they extend to Northern India, China† and Japan, although in
A nearly allied genus, however, distinguished by its antennæ gradually thicker towards the apex, and its abdomen composed of segments nearly equal in length and the small size of the interfemoral process of the basal one, seems tolerably abundant in species—although very rare as to individuals—in Natal and at the Cape. I propose to call it "Blepisanis;" the type is Saperda Bohemani. It will include several new species, which I hope to publish very shortly; one of them has a remarkable spine on the second abdominal segment.
† A species from Northern China, published by Mr. W. Wilson Saunders (Glenea Fortunei), has been recently separated from that genus by Mr. Bates under the name of Paraglenea; a second species from Formosa was described at the same time (Proc. Zool. Soc. 1866).
very diminished numbers; in another direction a species has been described by M. Thomson from New Caledonia. Glenea grisea and Glenea fulvomaculata were once found together, so as to lead Mr. Wallace to infer that they were male and female; we have, however, positive proof that some insects at certain times do not know what they are about, or at least that they are not very fastidious, and I suspect G. grisea is one of them.
Glenea novemguttata.
Sphenura novemguttata, Laporte de Castelnau, Hist. Nat. Ins. ii. 489.
G. cyaneo-chalybeata; vertice vittis duabus albis; prothorace albo, plaga magna laterali atra; elytris maculis octo apicibusque niveis.
Hab.—Java, Singapore.
Chalybeate-blue; the front and cheeks, and two lines on the vertex, white; prothorax white, with a large black patch on each side; scutellum black at the base, the apex white; each elytron with four white spots arranged as in G. Amboynica, the apex entirely white; body beneath chalybeate, with a whitish pubescence; legs luteous, the tarsi dusky; antennæ blackish.
Length 6 lines.
This, the type of the genus, and the following, may be recognized by the great black patch on each side of the prothorax, leaving a comparatively narrow margin of white or greenish around it.
Glenea Coris.
G. capite pallide viridi, occipite maculaque frontali atris; prothorace pallide viridi, plaga magna laterali atra; elytris fuscescentibus, pallide viridi-maculatis.
Hab.—Singapore.
Head pale greenish, the hind part and a large spot above the epistome black; prothorax pale greenish, a large black patch on each side extending nearly to the margins and central lines; scutellum pale greenish; elytra lightish brown, darker towards the apex, each with about half-a-dozen small greenish or blueish spots; body beneath black, sides of the sterna, and of the second and third abdominal segments, pale greenish or white; femora and tibiæ luteous, tarsi covered with a white pubescence; antennæ black.
Length 6 lines.
Resembles G. blandina in its spotted elytra, but the distribution of colours on the head and prothorax is quite different.
Glenea Adelia.
G. nigra; fronte, genis, vittisque duabus verticis albis; prothorace medio albo-lineato; elytris duodecim-albo-maculatis; pedibus infuscatis (♂).
Hab.—Sarawak.
Black; front of the head, except a narrow space between the eyes, the cheeks, and two stripes on the vertex, white; prothorax with a narrow median stripe, and two broad lateral stripes, white; scutellum subquadrate, rounded posteriorly, white; elytra with six snowy spots on each, one at the shoulder, a mere speck, another post-basal between the suture and carina, a third towards the middle in the same line as the second, the fourth close to the carina and behind the middle, the fifth nearer the suture, and the last præ-apical and lying partly on the carina, which terminates in a well-marked spine; sterna and sides of the abdomen covered with a white pubescence, middle line of the abdomen glabrous, yellowish; legs brownish, the femora tinged with rufous, the tarsi with a thin silvery pile; antennæ blackish.
Length 7 lines.
Resembles G. novemguttata in the disposition of the spots on the elytra, except that the last spot is round and præ-apical; but in that species the elytra are blueish-metallic, and the femora and tibiæ are luteous.
Glenea Myrsine.
G. atra; vertice prothoraceque niveo-vittatis; elytris ænescentinigris, maculis octo niveis, linea obsoleta antice pone humeros; pedibus nigrescentibus, pube cinerascente tectis (♀).
Hab.—Singapore.
Head jet black, the cheeks and two stripes on the vertex white; disk of the prothorax jet black with a white central stripe, the side white with a dark patch (probably in some individuals there may be two white stripes, as in the preceding); scutellum white at the apex; elytra black, slightly tinged with brassy, each with four white spots, the second largest and nearly median, the first intermediate between it and the base, the fourth præ-apical, the third being intermediate and the most distant from the suture; body beneath
with a whitish pubescence, the sides of each abdominal segment with a black patch; legs blackish, covered with a pale ashy pubescence; antennæ blackish, the three basal, together with the 7th, 8th and 9th joints, whitish.
Length 6 lines.
Differs from the former in the colour of the elytra, the disposition and number of the spots, &c.
Glenea Cleome.
G. nigra, vertice prothoraceque niveo-vittatis; elytris sutura maculisque duodecim niveis; femoribus luteis (♂ ?).
Hab.—Singapore.
Black; cheeks, two lines in front extending to the vertex, and five stripes on the prothorax, snowy-white; scutellum white at the apex; elytra with the suture, and six spots on each, the first at the base, the second, fourth and sixth respectively near the base, at the middle, and near the apex, with the third and fifth intermediate, snowy-white; body beneath and femora luteous, sides of the abdominal segments and their margins with a white pubescence; tibiæ brownish; tarsi with a whitish pubescence; antennæ black.
Length 6 lines,
A distinct species, somewhat resembling the former, but with a white suture.
Glenea Elate.
G. fusca, vertice bi- et prothorace uni-albovittatis, hoc lateribus albis; elytris octo-maculatis, quatuor ante medium et transversim positis; antennis fuscis (♀).
Hab.—Malacca.
Dark brown; cheeks and borders of the lower lobe of the eye white; two white stripes on the vertex; prothorax with one central stripe, its sides white; scutellum white; elytra with four round white spots on each, the first two arranged in a transverse line midway between the base and middle, the third just behind the middle, the last præ-apical; body beneath with a dense white pubescence; legs pale ferruginous; antennæ dark brown.
Length 5 lines.
A shorter and more robust species than S. novemguttata and its allies.
Glenea Areca.
G. fusca, vertice bi- et prothorace uni-albovittatis, hoc lateribus fusco-vittatis; elytris maculis octo albis, duabus sub-basalibus, duabus medianis; antennis albo-pubescentibus, art. 4to et 5to fuscis exceptis (♂ ?).
Hab.—Sarawak.
Brown; cheeks and borders of the lower lobe of the eye white, two white stripes on the vertex; prothorax with one central white stripe, and on each side the white divided by a brown stripe; scutellum white; elytra with four white spots on each, the first nearer the base than the middle, the second exactly median, the third scarcely midway between the middle and apex, and external to the rest, the fourth præ-apical; body beneath with a thin ashy pubescence; legs pale ferruginous, darker on the tibiæ, which are furnished with a dark pubescence, becoming gradually denser, especially on the tarsi; antennæ with a white pubescence, except the fourth and fifth joints, which are dark brown.
Length 4½ lines.
Resembles the last, but is very considerably narrower, and, inter alia, the spots on the elytra are differently arranged.
Glenea blandina.
Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 259.
G. nigrescens, subtomentosa, cœruleo-vittata et maculata; prothorace antice latiori (♀).
Hab.—Sarawak, (and Penang ?)
Dark brown or black; cheeks, border round the eyes, two stripes on the vertex, three on the prothorax, the scutellum, and five or six spots on each elytron, pale cobalt-blue, the suture with a line of greyish hairs; body beneath and femora reddish-fulvous, pectus and sides of the abdomen more or less covered with a white pubescence; tibiæ, particularly the lower part, and tarsi, blue, or sometimes white from age; antennæ blackish, the first three joints blue beneath; prothorax in the female broadest anteriorly for about a quarter of its length, then gradually narrowing to the base.
Length 6 lines.
With this I have associated with some hesitation an example from Penang, which I take to be the male; it is considerably
VOL. III. THIRD SERIES, PART IV.—JUNE, 1867. B B
smaller, with a broad conspicuous greyish stripe along the suture, and the base of the elytra with a blue spot on each side, but no other character apparently of specific importance; still it has, primo visu, a very distinct appearance.
Glenea laudata.
Glenea viridi-notata, J. Thomson, Ess. &c., p. 52 (non Blanchard).
G. nigrescens, subnitida, cœruleo-vittata et maculata; prothorace in medio latiori (♂, ♀).
Hab.—Sarawak.
Blackish, subnitid, coloration almost entirely as in the last, but the elytral spots larger, and the form of the prothorax different, i. e. rounded at the sides or gradually swelling out from the apex to the middle, then narrowing to the base; the male is much stouter, with shorter antennæ than the one last mentioned, and there is not the slightest appearance of a sutural vitta.
Length 4½ (♂)—6 lines (♀).
In my specimens the blue is of the purest cobalt; M. Thomson terms it "griseo-cyanea."
Glenea Camilla.
G. vertice chalybeato; prothorace albescente, maculis duabus nigro-chalybeatis ornato; elytris cyaneo-chalybeatis, maculis sparsis margineque apicali albis.
Hab.—Sumatra.
Cheeks and border round the eyes white, front and vertex steel-blue; prothorax whitish, its disk nearly covered by two dark steel-blue spots; scutellum blue, somewhat semicircular, its apex pointed; elytra light steel-blue, purplish posteriorly, each with about five small round white spots, and a short line towards the apex, the latter with a distinct white border; body beneath steel-blue, the edges of the sterna and abdominal segments covered with a whitish pubescence; femora, tibiæ and posterior tarsi luteous, the fore and intermediate tarsi dark blue, all covered with a whitish pubescence.
Length 7 lines.
This species may be considered to connect the novemguttata series with the Amboynica series.
Glenea pulchella.
Hope, sec. J. Thomson, Ess. &c., p. 58.
G. vertice albo; prothorace chalybeato, albo-maculato; elytris
brunnescentibus, parce albo-maculatis; femoribus basi luteis, apice cum tibiis tarsisque nigro-chalybeatis (♂, ♀).
Hab.—Sarawak.
Head covered with a dense white or yellowish-white pubescence, except a large chalybeate spot in front and the hind-head; prothorax chalybeate, with two spots on each side, and two on the median line, one apical, the other basal, yellowish-white; scutellum black, the apex white; elytra lightish brown, chalybeate at the shoulders and darker posteriorly, each with three or four small round white spots, the emargination of the apex faintly bordered with white; body beneath chalybeate-blue, spotted with white; femora luteous, their apices, tibiæ, and tarsi, dark chalybeate, with a greyish pile; antennæ black.
Length 8 lines.
Glenea Nicanor.
G. vertice prothoraceque nigro-chalybeatis, hoc ochraceomaculato; elytris brunneo-flavis, albo-maculatis; pedibus omnino luteis.
Hab.—Macassar.
Head glabrous, chalybeate, except the cheeks, lower part of the front, and a small spot close to each upper lobe of the eye, which are covered with a yellowish pubescence; prothorax chalybeate, with six ochraceous spots, which are arranged in the same way as in the last species; scutellum black, its apex whitish; elytra pale brownish-luteous, metallic green at the shoulders, blackish posteriorly, each with five irregular whitish spots, the apices broadly margined with whitish; body beneath chalybeate, varied with yellow patches, the edges of the abdominal segments also more or less bordered with yellow; legs entirely luteous; antennæ black.
Length 8 lines.
It is possible that this species is only a local variety of the last, but it is at once distinguished by its entirely luteous legs, besides other differernces in coloration, and by its more coarsely punctured elytra.
Glenea iridescens.
G. capite prothoraceque chalybeatis, albo-tomentosis; elytris æneo-metallicis, apicem versus purpureis; femoribus posticis, apice nigro excepto, luteis (♀).
Hab.—Malacca.
B B 2
Head and prothorax dark chalybeate, with a thin whitish tomentum, but thicker and forming spots on the cheeks, front and base and sides of the prothorax, the latter with a broad but well marked longitudinal elevation posteriorly; scutellum elongate, rounded posteriorly, chalybeate, the apex white; elytra brassy, very dark at the base, yellowish in the middle and passing into rich purple, with blueish reflexions towards the apex, a few spots on the basal half composed of a short whitish pubescence; body beneath purplish or blue, glabrous, with indefinite white spots, arranged in two lines along the middle of the abdomen, and with irregular stripes on the sterna; legs chalybeate-black, the posterior femora, except at their apices, luteous; posterior tarsi and lower portion of their tibiæ dull luteous; antennæ in the female very little longer than half the length of the body.
Length 11 lines.
This very distinct species is remarkable, in the female at least—the only sex known to me—for the shortness of its antennæ G. leucospilota, Westw. (Colobothea), has the same robust form, but is considerably shorter, and bright green with white spots on the elytra. It is from Manilla.
Glenea Juno.
J. Thomson, Syst. Ceramb. p. 560.
G. valida, nigro- vel cyaneo-chalybeata, niveo-maculata; scutello elongato-triangulari; elytris basi dilatatis, sutura in medio alba.
Hab.—Singapore, Sarawak.
Stouter than any of the preceding, with the elytra much shorter in proportion to the length, and considerably broader at the base; the prothorax gradually widening posteriorly, with its sides nearly straight, the disk rather sparingly punctured; scutellum elongatetriangular; elytra with the suture white in the middle and connected with a large transversely oblong spot on each side, together forming the figure of a cross; outer spine at the apex well marked.
Length 11—13 lines.
At once distinguished by the large cross-shaped figure in the middle of the elytra, and by its more robust outline. One of my specimens is almost black, with the same white spots, however, as in the normal examples.
Glenea Honora.
G. valida, purpurea; prothorace basi constricto; scutello subscutiformi; elytris singulis maculis quatuor niveis ornatis (♀).
Hab.—Penang.
Rather short and stout, dark purple with white spots; head sparsely punctured in front; prothorax gradually contracting posteriorly, the base decidedly narrower than the apex, the disc and sides striped as in G. picta; scutellum subscutiform, broadly rounded at the apex; elytra broad at the base, each with four white spots, the second from the base nearly central; body beneath with white spots.
Length 9—10 lines.
In coloration this differs from G. picta in having only four instead of five spots on each elytron, and from all the preceding in the form of the prothorax. It seems to be a good species, judging from the two specimens before me.
Glenea voluptuosa.
J. Thomson, Ess. &c., p. 49.
G. elongata, cyaneo-chalybeata, niveo-maculata; scutello æqualiter triangulari; trochanteribus rufescentibus (♀).
Hab.—Singapore.
Not quite so narrowly elongate as G. picta, the prothorax more parallel at the sides, or even narrower at the base, the sides a little irregular in outline, the disk more distinctly punctured, although the punctures are partially hidden by the pubescence in some examples, and are found also extending to the sides; the trochanters reddish-yellow.
Length 10—12 lines.
M. Thomson gives also, as diagnostic characters, the head black, the elytra with two stripes on each at the base, and the apical spot resembling the number 7 reversed; the latter is constant in my specimens, but the two former vary; the reddish trochanters also appear to be constant.
Glenea picta. (Pl. XVII. fig. 6.)
Stenocorus pictus, Fabricius, Syst. El. ii. 306 (1801).
G. elongata, cyaneo-chalybeata, niveo-maculata; scutello anguste triangulari; trochanteribus cyaneis (♀).
Hab.—Ceram, Gilolo, Tondano, Key, Batchian, Dorey, Saylee (and Sumatra).
Narrow and elongate, dark chalybeate-blue, shining; head sparsely punctured in front, the rest nearly impunctate, two white stripes extending from the lip to the vertex, another behind each eye, and a spot on the cheek; prothorax nearly impunctate,* the sides subparallel, three white stripes on the disk, a brown stripe also above the coxæ on each side; scutellum narrowly triangular, pointed below, black, with a large, somewhat heart-shaped, white patch in the middle; elytra not much expanded at the shoulders, sparingly punctured, the punctures disappearing posteriorly, each with 5—7 white spots, arranged longitudinally, the 2nd and 4th often divided; body beneath more or less spotted with white, the epimera and sterna sometimes almost entirely white; trochanters blueish; legs with a delicate whitish pubescence, denser on the tarsi.
Length 12—15 lines.
The remark of Fabricius, "Magnus in hoc genere," inclines me to consider this the species he had before him. It is also the most widely distributed, and not likely, therefore, to have been unknown to him.
Glenea elegans.
Saperda elegans, Olivier, Ent. iv. no. 68, p. 15, pl. iv. fig. 40 (1795).
? Saperda chalybea, Illiger, Wiedemann's Arch. i. pt. ii. p. 138, taf. i. fig. 6.
G. angusta, cyaneo-chalybeata, niveo-maculata; scutello sub-triangulari, apice rotundato (♂, ♀).
Hab.—Macassar, Dorey.
Coloration as in G. picta, but smaller and proportionately narrower; the sides of the prothorax straight and evidently broader at the base; in the Macassar specimen longer, finely pubescent, and having a very decided longitudinal ridge, three characters which are less apparent in the Dorey one; the scutellum, however, is decidedly rounded at the apex, although in both species it is very much covered by the comparatively long hairs forming the white patch, and which apparently is never absent. This
* One of my specimens is marked anteriorly on the prothorax, but on one side only, with short transverse corrugations.
species, if it be one, is considerably more nearly allied to G. picta than any other.
Length 8—9 lines.
The anal processes of this species are thick and nearly contiguous.
Glenea Nympha.
J. Thomson, Syst. Ceramb. p. 560.
G. angusta, cyaneo-chalybeata, niveo-maculata; scutello anguste triangulari; prothorace interrupte punctato (♂, ♀).
Hab.—Singapore, Amboyna?, Dorey?.
Coloration similar to G. picta, but the elytra, equally narrow and slightly incurved along the sides, taper more towards the apex, characters which give this species an outline somewhat different; in the Singapore specimens this is accompanied with a narrowly triangular scutellum, and a prothorax rather strongly punctured, but the punctures in patches divided by smooth spaces; the Dorey and Amboyna specimens have, however, scarcely any trace of punctuation, and the scutellum is decidedly broader, although they are all similar in outline.
Length 8½—10 lines.
Glenea Delia.
J. Thomson, Ess. &c., p. 48.
G. cyaneo-violacea; prothorace albo-trivittato; elytris angustatis, albo-maculatis, humeris obsoletis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Dark blueish-violet, front and vertex with two white, prothorax with three narrow white stripes; scutellum elongate triangular; elytra very narrow, the shoulders obsolete, each elytron with a short basal stripe and six or seven small whitish spots, a transverse paler spot near the apex, which is also bordered with white; body beneath violet, with white patches; legs violet, posterior tibiæ at the apex and their tarsi fulvous; antennæ black.
Length 9 lines.
This is a very narrow species, with the shoulders obsolete or without the angle which distinguishes every other member of this extensive genus; the antennary tubers are also approximate; nevertheless, so intimate is its affinity with the preceding that these strong peculiarities can only be regarded as of secondary importance.
Glenea Thomsoni. (Pl. XVII. fig. 1.)
G. cyaneo-chalybeata, cœruleo-varia; apicibus elytrorum in medio spinosis (♂, ♀).
Hab.—Batchian.
Dark chalybeate-blue; head with a few small scattered punctures in front and on the vertex, margin beneath the lower part of the eye pale blue; prothorax nearly impunctate, the sides slightly rounded, a large semicircular band extending from the base to the sides, where it is continuous with the band baneath the eye, whitish or pale blue; scutellum subscutiform, whitish or pale blue, except at the two anterior angles; elytra broad at the base, gradually narrowing posteriorly, the apex of each terminating in a single median spine, a large, somewhat lozenge-shaped ring in the centre, but extending to the external margins, either ochraceous or pale blue, behind the ring a pale blue oblique stripe extending from the suture outwards and downwards; body beneath with pale blueish patches, especially at the sides of the abdominal segments, the lateral patches in one specimen ochraceous; antennæ and legs dark blue, with a slight pale blueish pubescence.
Length 9 (♂)—12 (♀) lines.
Very distinct from all other species of this genus on account of the single median spine terminating each of the elytra. I have only a male and female, the latter on account of its size and the clear ochraceous ring on the elytra surpassing the former in beauty, and ranking perhaps as one of the most elegant of the Longicorns. I have much pleasure in dedicating it to M. James Thomson.
Glenea heptagona.
J. Thomson, Ess. &c., p. 56.
G. capite prothoraceque croceis, hoc in medio macula magna nigra septangulari ornato; elytris purpureo-nigris, vittis quatuor basalibus griseis, fere obsoletis (♂, ♀).
Hab.—Batchian, Gilolo, Morty.
Head, prothorax and body beneath rich saffron-yellow, the former bordered with black on the vertex; middle of the prothorax with a large black heptagonal spot; scutellum black; elytra purplish-black, two nearly obsolete greyish stripes at the base of each, their apices clouded with grey; legs bright saffron-yellow; antennæ black.
Length 7½ lines.
Glenea bimaculicollis.
J. Thomson, Ess. &c., p. 56.
G. capite nigro; prothorace croceo, maculis duabus, una apicali (aliquando obsoleta), altera basali, nigris; elytris nigrocyaneis, vittis quatuor posticis griseis, fere obsoletis (♂, ♀).
Hab.—Batchian, Gilolo, Morty.
Head black, greyish on the cheeks; prothorax saffron-yellow, two transverse black spots, one at the apex, the other and larger at the base; scutellum black; elytra blackish-blue, each with two greyish stripes, quite obsolete at the base, but becoming gradually deeper, although still very faint, towards the apex; body beneath yellowish, the abdomen saffron-yellow; legs black; antennæ dark brown.
Length 6—7 lines.
Glenea Amboynica.
J. Thomson, Ess. &c., p. 56.
G. fronte capitis ochracea; prothorace supra ochraceo, macula magna atra in medio sita; elytris nigro-violaceis, maculis niveis octo ornatis (♂, ♀).
Hab.—Ceram.
Front of the head ochraceous, posterior part of the vertex, and base on each side of the prothorax, chalybeate-blue; prothorax ochraceous, the disk with a large black median patch; scutellum black; elytra violet or blackish-violet, each with four round snowy-white spots, the first and third of which are nearest the suture, the latter nearly midway, the fourth at about two-thirds of the distance, between the base and apex; body beneath and legs luteous; antennæ black.
Length 8 lines.
Resembles the two preceding, but is at once distinguished by its spotted elytra, in which it agrees with G. novemguttata. The cheeks in one of my specimens are chalybeate-blue, in the other white. The anal processes are dilated and nearly contiguous.
Glenea Cyrilla.
G. capite prothoraceque albis, occipite et macula mediana prothoracis atris; elytris subcyaneis, vittis quinque indistinctis albescentibus; pedibus luteis (♂).
Hab.—Batchian.
Head and prothorax white or with a tinge of ochraceous, back
of the head and a central pentagonal spot on the prothorax jet-black; scutellum black at the base, white at the apex; elytra blueish, shading into purple in certain lights, the suture and two indistinct abbreviated basal stripes on each, whitish; body beneath whitish at the sides, the middle of the breast and abdomen luteous, sides of the latter below the white stripe chalybeate-blue; legs clear luteous; antennæ black.
Length 6½ lines.
This species has the black patch in the middle of the prothorax, by which it differs, inter alia, from G. bimaculicollis.
Glenea cyanipennis.
J. Thomson, Arch. Entom. i. 458.
G. capite prothoraceque albis, hoc macula magna atra in medio sita; elytris cœruleis, albo-pubescentibus, maculis albidis octo ornatis (♂).
Hab.—Key (and Aru).
Head and prothorax white, tinged with ochraceous, the latter with a large angular median jet-black spot; scutellum blackish; elytra pale blue, clothed with a greyish-white pubescence, concealing the blue in certain lights, each having four indistinct round whitish spots, arranged as in G. amboynica; breast covered with a white pubescence, abdomen and legs glabrous, luteous; antennæ black.
Length 6 lines.
Glenea Lefebvrii.
Saperda Lefebvrii, Guérin, Voy. de la Coq. ii. pt. 2, p. 138, pl. vii. fig. 2.
Saperda festiva, Boisduval, Voy. de l'Astrol. ii. 512.
Glenea antica, J. Thomson, Ess. &c., p. 54.
Glenea submedia, id. p. 55.
G. capite prothoraceque albescentibus, hoc in medio nigroplagiato; elytris pallide rufescentibus, fascia mediana nigra, humeris cyaneo-purpureis, vel fere omnino cyaneo-purpureis, fascia nigra excepta (♂, ♀).
Hab.—Dorey, Salwatty, Waigiou, Mysol.
Head and prothorax dirty white, the former with a spot in front and the vertex black; a black patch on the latter, varying in size, and either in the middle or before it and touching the apex; scutellum nearly semicircular, black; elytra reddish-luteous, with a broad black median band or patch, the shoulders dark blueish-purple, shining, or more or less entirely blueish-purple, except the
black band; body beneath reddish-luteous, the last abdominal segment with a black spot; legs reddish-testaceous or dark brown, the femora generally of the former colour, with a black line along the upper edge; antennæ reddish or black.
Length 5—6½ lines.
A variable species, the black elytral band, however, being apparently constant. The female has the claws considerably dilated at the base, but not fissured as in the male. The anal processes are stout and incurved.
Glenea mesoleuca. (Pl. XVII. fig. 4.)
G. atra, prothorace postice et vitta irregulari in medio elytrorum albis; pedibus luteis, griseo-pubescentibus (♂).
Hab.—Singapore.
Covered above with a dense jet-black tomentum; head large, the cheeks and line in front of the eye white; prothorax with a well limited pure white band posteriorly; scutellum rather narrow; elytra with an irregular stripe and a præ-apical spot, together somewhat resembling the note of interrogation on each elytron (the right-hand one reversed), the upper part of the stripe close to the suture; body beneath ashy, sides of the metasternum and abdomen white; legs luteous with a greyish pubescence; antennæ black.
Length 8 lines.
The head of this species, which is very distinct, is decidedly larger than is usual in this genus.
Glenea Galathea.
J. Thomson, Syst. Ceramb. p. 566.
G. capite prothoraceque albis, illo vertice et linea frontali, hoc plaga bilobata mediana, atris; elytris atris, linea suturali pone medium in fascia lata currente, scutelloque albis (♂).
Hab.—Malacca (and India, Japan).
Head whitish, the vertex and line between the eyes black; prothorax white with a yellowish tinge, the centre with a large black bilobed or obcordate patch, connected with the anterior border; scutellum, and a stripe on the suture running into a broad band behind the middle, whitish or yellowish-white, the apex of each elytron with a faint ashy patch; sides of the sterna, the two basal and the terminal segment of the abdomen, glossy black; metaster-
num and third and fourth segments, except in the middle, white; legs and antennæ black.
Length 6 lines.
This species, described by M. Thomson from individuals from Japan, agrees exactly with my Malacca specimens, and also with another from India. Glenea Canidia from Bombay, and G. Mouhotii from Laos, are probably varieties, at least there are intermediate forms in the British Museum, one of which, from Siam, has the elytra almost entirely black.
Glenea collaris.
Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 258.
G. vertice prothoraceque atris, hoc postice albo; elytris fusco-olivaceis, sutura vittaque externa grisescentibus (♀).
Hab.—Sarawak.
Front of the head and cheeks whitish, vertex and anterior portion of the prothorax jet-black, the posterior portion, rather more than half, opake-white or with a slightly ochraceous tinge; scutellum and elytra olive-brown, a narrow stripe along the suture, and another extending from the shoulder to near the apex, pale greyish; body beneath whitish, with three luteous stripes on the metasternum and abdomen; femora and bases of the tibiæ luteous, the rest and tarsi brownish with a whitish pile; antennæ black.
Length 7 lines.
M. Thomson proposes to alter the specific name to Donovani, Donovan having previously described a Saperda under the name of collaris. If such a rule were absolute it would be necessary to change the name of every species in the family of which the specific name had been reproduced.
Glenea Manto.
Pascoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1866, p. 262, pl. xxviii. fig. 7.
G. vertice prothoraceque atris, hoc postice, elytrisque plaga media communi et maculis duabus apicalibus, albis (vel ochraceis).
Hab.—Sarawak (and Penang).
Black, head with two whitish lines in front, vertex and anterior border of the prothorax jet-black, rest of the prothorax, a large median patch common to both elytra, and a spot at the apex of
each, white (or ochraceous); body beneath dusky, the sides white; legs testaceous; antennæ brownish.
Length 5—6 lines.
Differs from the last species principally in the patches on the elytra, and the absence of stripes. In a Penang specimen white replaces the pure ochraceous-yellow of the Sarawak examples.
Glenea luctuosa.
G. capite atro; prothorace apice excepto, elytrisque plaga submedia communi, albis (♂).
Hab.—Aru, Salwatty.
Head black, face and cheeks whitish; prothorax white, the apical border black; scutellum small, black; elytra short, black, a broad band or patch, rather behind the middle, white; body beneath and legs reddish-luteous, sides of the sterna white; antennæ brown.
Length 4 lines.
This species wants the apical white spots of the last, and is, moreover, distinguished by the shortness of the elytra, which are also much broader at the apex. I believe it is the Glenea luctuosa of Dejean's Catalogue.
Glenea funerula.
Stibara funerula, J. Thomson, Arch. Ent. i. 141.
G. vertice prothoraceque atris, hoc postice albo; elytris atris, plagis duabus ad suturam fere connexis, maculisque duabus apicalibus, albis (♂,♀).
Hab.—Singapore (and India).
Head black on the vertex, becoming paler in front, the cheeks ashy-white; prothorax jet-black anteriorly, pure white posteriorly; acutellum and elytra black, a large squarish transverse patch behind the middle of each elytron, nearly meeting at the suture, and a small spot on each apex, white; body beneath with a thin whitish pubescence, the sides spotted with black; antennæ black; femora brownish-luteous, tibiæ and tarsi dusky with a whitish pubescence.
Length 6 lines.
My Indian specimen is very much shorter than those obtained by Mr. Wallace at Singapore.
Glenea fatalis.
G. supra nigra, opaca, infra et lateribus declivibus elytrorum cinereis, apicibus fulvo-maculatis; femoribus tibiisque luteis, tarsis cinereis (♂, ♀).
Hab.—Sarawak.
Upper parts dull brownish-black, the apex of each elytron with a squarish fulvous patch; cheeks, sides of the prothorax, the declivous portion of the elytra, and body beneath ashy; femora and tibiæ luteous; tarsi covered with an ashy pile; antennæ black.
Length 6 lines.
Very distinct in its coloration, but in general habit resembles more nearly the foregoing species than any other.
Glenea Calypso. (Pl. XVII. fig. 3.)
G. nigro-tomentosa, sulphureo-figurata et lineata. (♀).
Hab.—Sarawak.
Covered above with a dense black tomentum and varied with sulphur-yellow lines; head nearly glabrous, the eyes entirely surrounded with a yellow pubescent border, except at the base, a yellow line also bordering the epistome; prothorax edged on all sides with yellow; scutellum yellow; base of the elytra, and a stripe along the deflected side, an annular somewhat hexagonal figure, connected along the suture, on the anterior part of the disk, and posteriorly another series of lines uniting at the suture and forming an X-like figure, pale yellow; body beneath with a sulphur-yellow pubescence, with luteous-glabrous spots on the sides and middle of each abdominal segment; legs black, trochanters and bases of the femora luteous; antennæ black.
Length 8 lines.
The prothorax of this fine and very distinct species, of which I possess but one specimen, is rather more convex and rounded at the sides than in the generality of the Gleneæ.
Glenea anticepunctata.
Stibara anticepunctata, J. Thomson, Arch. Ent. i. 142.
G. capite prothoraceque supra atris, hoc et vertice vitta ochracea ornatis; scutello ochraceo; elytris antice cervinis, ma-
cula laterali ante medium, alteraque quadrata præ-apicali ochraceis, cæteris humerisque atris (♀).
Hab.—Singapore.
Head and prothorax jet-black, stripe on the vertex, continuous with another on the prothorax, ochraceous; scutellum semicircular, ochraceous; elytra with a large fawn-coloured patch anteriorly, bordered at the shoulders with black, and having a triangular ochraceous spot at the side, posteriorly, but before the middle, jet-black, except a quadrangular præ-apical ochraceous spot not quite extending to the suture; body beneath, sides of the prothorax, coxæ, and anterior and intermediate tarsi, covered with a dark smoky-grey pubescence, rest of the legs yellowish-testaceous; antennæ black.
Length 6—7 lines.
The punctures on the elytra are confined to the comparatively small space occupied by the fawn-coloured patch, and this has apparently suggested the specific name.
Glenea lanthe.
G. capite prothoraceque supra atris; elytris antice cervinis, macula laterali ante medium, alteraque quadrata præ-apicali ochraceis, humeris scutelloque atris (♂).
Hab.—Singapore.
Possibly the male of the last, but the head and prothorax are without the bright ochraceous stripe, and the scutellum is black, except a slight border of fawn-colour at the apex; the narrower outline in this case is precisely what might be looked for in the male; the prothoracic stripe in G. anticepunctata, however, is composed of hairs longer than the rest, set transversely, the extremities of which form a narrow elevated line along the middle, a character which is quite opposed to the uniform, somewhat tomentose, pubescence of the example before me.
Length 5½ lines.
Glenea udetera.
Stibara oudetera, J. Thomson, Arch. Ent. i. 143.
G. capite, vertice ochraceo excepto, prothoraceque atris, hoc postice et lateraliter albis; scutello cervino; elytris dimidio basali cervinis, fascia interrupta post medium maculaque quadrata præ-apicali ochraceis, cæteris fuscis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Head and prothorax jet-black, the former with its vertex
ochraceous, the latter with a pale citron-yellow band along its base, expanding and entirely covering its sides; scutellum subtriangular, with its apex rounded, fawn-coloured; elytra with their basal half fawn-coloured, bordered behind with a narrow interrupted ochraceous band, the rest dark brown, except a large quadrangular præ-apical ochraceous spot, not extending to the suture; body beneath pale reddish-brown, sides of the four basal abdominal segments pale yellowish; legs, including the coxæ, yellowish-testaceous; antennæ dark fawn-coloured, the basal joint brown.
Length 6—7 lines.
Glenea Egeria.
G. capite prothoraceque supra atris, hoc postice et lateraliter albis; scutello elytrisque dimidio basali cervinis, fascia interrupta post medium maculaque quadrata præ-apicali ochraceis, cæteris nigris (♂).
Hab.—Singapore.
Perhaps only a variety of the last, which it nearly resembles in colour, but the head is entirely black; the body, and especially the prothorax, are proportionally narrower, and the eyes considerably more approximate above.
Length 4½ lines.
Glenea Aspasia. (Pl. XVII. fig. 2.)
G. robusta, capite atro, genis lineaque antica oculorum albescentibus; prothorace atro, postice et lateraliter albescente; scutello cervino; elytris dimidio basali cervinis, fascia ante medium maculaque communi præ-apicali ochraceis (♀).
Hab.—Sarawak.
Resembles G. udetera, but much more robust; no spot on the vertex, the cheeks whitish, the elytral ochraceous band before the middle, the præ-apical spot triangular and forming with its fellow a transverse somewhat lozenge-shaped patch, not extending to the carina as in the two preceding species, the puncturation on the shoulders much coarser, the outer apical spine very short, and the whitish pubescence beneath more interrupted and covering part of the last abdominal segment; the antennæ dark brown.
Length 7 lines.
Glenea Melia.
G. fusca, lineis maculisque rufo-ochraceis; infra castaneo-fusca, metasterno niveo (♂, ♀).
Hab.—Sarawak.
Dark brown, with reddish-ochraceous lines and spots; head with two lines in front extending to the vertex, the eyes posteriorly bordered with ochraceous; prothorax with three narrow lines on the disk, and one on each side; scutellum entirely brown; elytra with from eight to ten small spots on each, in one specimen a short line between the shoulder and scutellum; body beneath nearly uniformly dark chesnut-brown, the metasternum and its episterna covered with a dense snowy-white pubescence, except in the middle; legs brownish, tarsi with a thin whitish pile; antennæ brown.
Length 7 lines.
The strictly limited white patch on each side differentiates this species from every other in the collection, except G. ochraceovittata, from which it may be known, inter alia, by its spotted elytra.
Glenea numerifera.
J. Thomson, Syst. Ceramb. p. 561.
G. fusca; prothorace elytrisque quinque-vittatis, his vittis duabus exterioribus brevibus, pone medium singulorum signo numerum 7 simulante, deinde macula parva præ-apicali.
Hab.—Sumatra (and Malacca).
Near G. extensa, but the elytra coarsely punctured as in G. acuta; from the former it differs in the very short or rather interrupted humeral stripe, and the transverse bar below the middle, which unites with the posterior portion of that stripe to form a mark exactly resembling the figure 7, which is of course reversed on the other side; the apex of the third joint is indistinctly blotched with whitish.
Length 6½ lines.
Glenea extensa.
Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 258.
G. fusca; prothorace elytrisque basi ochraceo-quinque-vittatis, his in medio impunctatis, juxta carinam vitta ochracea indutis; antennis articulo tertio apice albo (♀).
Hab.—Singapore, Sarawak.
Dark brown, with a black velvety pubescence; stripe on the
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cheek, two between the eyes and on the vertex, five on the prothorax, the three intermediate continuous with similar stripes on the scutellum and base and suture of the elytra, ochraceous; middle of the elytra impunctate, marked with a short curved transverse line, a narrow ochraceous stripe near the carina, and between this and the carina itself a row of coarse punctures; body beneath reddish-brown, striped with white; legs covered with a greyish pile; apex of the third joint of the antennæ white.
Length 8 lines.
Glenea acuta.
Saperda acuta, Fabricius, Syst. El. ii. 327.
Volumnia acuta, J. Thomson, Ess. &c., p. 59.
G. fusca; prothorace disco elytrisque basi ochraceo-trivittatis, his, præsertim in medio, fortiter punctatis, juxta carinam haud vittatis; antennis articulo tertio apice albo (♀).
Hab.—Java (and Sumatra).
Dark brown, slightly pubescent; stripe on the cheek, two between the eyes and on the vertex, five on the prothorax, the three intermediate continuous with similar stripes on the scutellum, the base and suture of the elytra, ochraceous; elytra, especially in the middle, coarsely punctured, behind the middle an oblique ochraceous line touching the suture, another oblique mark and a small round spot at each apex; body beneath reddish-brown, one stripe on the prothorax above the anterior coxæ, two on the meso and meta-sterna, and two on each side of the abdomen, white; legs brownish; apex of the third joint of the antennæ white.
Length 7 lines.
Glenea ochraceorittata.
J. Thomson, Syst. Ceramb. p. 565.
G. fusca; prothorace vitta mediana ochracea, lateribus albis; elytris basi vittis quatuor, in medio fascia transversa, apicibus singulis macula oblonga, ochraceis; antennis omnino fuscis (♀).
Hab.—Sarawak.
Dark brown, with a short reddish-brown pubescence; line surrounding the eye and two stripes on the vertex ochraceous; a single ochraceous median stripe on the prothorax, the sides of the latter pure white; scutellum ochraceous; elytra with a short basal stripe on each side of the scutellum, which is a little incurved posteriorly, near the shoulder another stripe extending to
the middle of the elytron, where it nearly joins a transverse bar, the sutural end of which is a little reflected towards the base, near the apex an oblong spot; body beneath nearly pure white, the side of the two basal segments of the abdomen and a space along the middle of all the segments glabrous, luteous; legs brownish, with a thin whitish pile; antennæ entirely brown.
Length 7½ lines.
Glenea sejuncta.
G. fusca; prothorace disco ochraceo-trivittato; elytris, basi excepta, trivittatis, in medio et antice fasciis duabus, suturam versus interruptis, ochraceis; antennis omnino fuscis (♀).
Hab.—Sarawak.
Brown, line in front of each eye, another on the cheeks, and two stripes on the vertex, ochraceous; prothorax with three stripes on its disk, and the scutellum ochraceous; line along the suture except at the base, stripe near the carina beginning behind the shoulder and nearly extending to the apex, two bands, one in the middle, the other towards the base, and both interrupted at the suture, ochraceous; body beneath pure white, three stripes on the abdomen nearly glabrous, luteous; antennæ entirely brown.
Length 7 lines.
Glenea Atropa.
G. nigra, vittis vertice duabus, prothorace tribus plumbeis fere obsoletis; elytris disco vittis quinque indistinctis, vitta basali interrupta (♀).
Hab.—Ceram.
Black, with obscure ashy or leaden stripes; head with a line round the eye and two stripes on the vertex pale ashy; prothorax with three indistinct or nearly obsolete stripes; scutellum subscutiform, paler at the apex; elytra with five stripes on the disk, all obscurely limited, the basal one interrupted at the middle, curved outwardly near the apex, and joining the humeral stripe, the declivous side indistinctly ashy, the external apical spine strongly-produced; body beneath dull whitish at the sides, ashy along the middle, each of the abdominal segments with a black glabrous spot at the side; legs and antennæ black.
Length 5—5½ lines.
An indefinitely coloured species, but my specimens are a little worn.
C C 2
Glenea Sophronia.
G. nigra, vittis plumbeis indistinctis, vertice nullis, prothorace tribus fere obsoletis, elytris disco quinque, vitta basali integra (♀).
Hab.—Dorey.
Black, with very indistinct ashy or leaden stripes, none on the vertex, those on the elytra nearly obsolete, the outer one broad and irregular; scutellum transverse, emarginate at the apex; elytra with five very pale stripes on the disk, the basal intermediate entire, the ashy colour more distinct on the apices; body beneath and legs with a thin ashy pubescence; antennæ dark brown.
Length 4½ lines.
In its indefinite coloration, giving a dull leaden hue to the upper surface, this species resembles the last, but, inter alia, the scutellum is broadly emarginate at the apex, and the external spine of the apices of the elytra is reduced to little more than a mere point.
Glenea Boisduvalii.
J. Thomson, Syst. Ceramb. p. 564.
G. nigra, cinerascente-vittata et maculata; capite vittis duabus, prothorace quinque, elytrisque etiam quinque, una communi suturali, una basali abbreviata, tertia humerali longiore, et maculis quatuor duabus medianis, alteris præ-apicalibus (♂).
Hab.—Batchian, Singapore.
Black, striped and spotted with pale ashy; cheeks whitish, two stripes on the vertex, five on the prothorax and five on the elytra, including the sutural, the humeral stripe extending from the shoulder to within one-fourth of the apex, the intermediate commencing from a broad spot at the base and extending to above a third of the length of the elytron, a spot in the middle and another between the humeral stripe and the apex; body beneath ashy, a broad white stripe on the sides of the sterna and abdomen; legs and antennæ black.
Length 5—6 lines.
Related to G. basalis according to M. Thomson, but it seems to me much more nearly allied to the following, from which it differs principally in the light brownish colour of the elytra, and in the four spots being nearer the base.
Glenea Saperdoides.
J. Thomson, Ess. &c., p. 50.
G. fuscescens, pallide ochraceo-vittata et maculata; capite vittis duabus, prothorace tribus, elytris quinque, una communi suturali, una basali breve, tertia humerali fere obsoleta, maculisque quatuor, duabus ante, duabus post medium sitis (♂, ♀).
Hab.—Sarawak, Sumatra.
Lightish brown, the prothorax darker, striped and spotted with pale ochreous; cheeks and face whitish, vertex with two, prothorax with three stripes; scutellum entirely ochraceous; elytra with five indistinct stripes, the humeral almost obsolete, the basal short or forming an oblong spot, one spot just before the middle, the other a little behind it and remote from the apex; body beneath white, gradually shading off into pale ferruginous; antennæ dark brown; legs pale ferruginous.
Length 5—6 lines.
Glenea collaris, Pasc., to which M. Thomson refers, is quite different from the insect standing under that name in his collection.
Glenea Myrsia.
G. fusca, sordide griseo-vittata; elytris breviusculis, quinquevittatis, vitta intermedia abbreviata; corpore infra lateraliter albo-vittato (♀).
Hab.—Amboyna.
Dusky brown, or blackish, with greyish stripes; the vertex with two stripes, front and cheeks greyish-white; prothorax longer than broad, with three stripes; scutellum narrow, rounded behind, greyish; elytra short, with five stripes, the intermediate between the base and middle, the humeral not reaching to the apex; body beneath dark reddish-brown, the sides throughout with a nearly pure white stripe; legs dusky testaceous; antennæ brownish.
Length 5 lines.
Remarkable for its comparatively long prothorax and short elytra; in the central stripe and general appearance it resembles the next.
The preceding members of this section are rather short and robust; but this and the rest of the section as far as G. Latania are more slender; from that point they are again stouter; there is, however, an obvious connexion between them which forbids any division. G. regularis, Newm., (G. Kraatzii, Thoms.), be-
longs to this section, and is intermediate between the slender and the stouter forms.
Glenea vittifera.
Saperda vittifera, Boisduval, Voy. de l'Astrol. ii. 516, pl. ix. fig. 19.
G. nigra, obscure viridescenti-vittata; prothorace tri-et elytris quinque-vittatis, his vitta intermedia basali pone medium currente; antennis nigrescentibus, scapo nigro-ferrugineo (♀).
Hab.—Aru.
Black, with pale dull-greenish stripes; two stripes on the vertex, lower lobe of the eye also margined with green; prothorax with three stripes; scutellum sub-semicircular, green in the middle; elytra with five stripes, the sutural indistinct, the intermediate basal stripe extending to beyond the middle of the elytron, the humeral stripe approaching the apex; body beneath reddish-brown, with the sides of the sterna and abdomen clear blueish-green; legs brown, tarsi pale blueish; antennæ black, scape dark ferruginous.
Length 5 lines.
A dingy species, with the disposition of the colours much the same as in G. venusta, but without the two spots on the elytra, and the intermediate basal stripe is much longer.
Glenea Acasta.
G. nigra, albo-vittata; vertice vittis duabus, prothorace quinque, hoc basi etiam albo-marginato; elytris septem-vittatis, apicibus albis (♂,♀).
Hab.—Java.
Black, with narrow white stripes; cheeks and margins of the eyes white, two stripes on the vertex; prothorax with five stripes, the two outer on each side divided by a narrow black stripe, and the black patch on each side of the central stripe with two white spots, the basal margin also white; scutellum black, its apex white; elytra with five narrow dorsal stripes, and a broader and paler one on the declivous portion, the apices white; body beneath pale ashy, with an indistinct interrupted stripe along the sides of the sterna and abdomen; legs dull ferruginous, clouded with blackish; antennæ black.
Length 6 lines.
Glenea Telmisa.
G. nigra; prothorace tri- et elytris septem-albo-vittatis; femoribus pallide ferrugineis; antennis fuscis, articulo tertio apice cæruleo-tincto (♂).
Hab.—Tondano.
Black, with narrow white stripes; head black above and between the eyes, with the front and cheeks, and two stripes on the vertex, white; prothorax with three stripes; scutellum semi-circular, white; elytra with seven stripes, the sutural and three on each, the outermost on the declivous portion, the humeral extending to near the apex and the intermediate a little shorter, all commencing at the base except the outermost; body beneath black, varied with patches of a rich silvery pubescence, principally on the sides of the sterna, and margins of the abdominal segments; femora pale ferruginous, tibiæ darker, tarsi with a blueish pubescence; antennæ blueish, the apex of the third joint with a blackish tinge.
Length 4 lines.
A very distinct species, although bearing a certain general resemblance to G. illuminata, from which it is differentiated by its antennæ
Glenea Iphia.
G. nigra; prothorace tri- et elytris quinque-ochraceo-vittatis; antennis nigris, articulo tertio apice albo.
Hab.—Tondano.
Black, with ochraceous stripes; head black above, a narrow stripe of the same colour between the eyes, cheeks and front, except the black stripe, ochraceous, two stripes between the eyes united on the vertex; prothorax with three stripes; scutellum semicircular, ochraceous; elytra with five stripes, the sutural and two on each, the intermediate basal very short and oblique, the humeral extending from the shoulder to very near the apex, none on the declivous portion; body beneath black, with greenish metallic patches, principally at the sides of the sterna and abdomen; femora ferruginous, tibiæ brownish, tarsi with a blueish pubescence; antennæ black, the apex of the third joint white.
Length 5 lines.
Very distinct from the last, to which, however, it may be considered to be nearly allied; besides the difference of colours this species has the outer apical spine reduced to a mere point.
Glenea Irene.
G. nigra, cæruleo-vittata; vertice vittis duabus, occipite nigro; prothorace vitta mediana; elytris vittis quinque, vitta externa in fascia brevi exeunte (♂).
Hab.—Singapore.
Black, with narrow cobalt-blue stripes; head blueish-white in front and on the cheeks, the blue predominating in two narrow stripes between the eyes but not extending to the hind-head; prothorax with a narrow median stripe, its sides blueish-white, the basal margin blue; scutellum blue at the apex; elytra with five stripes, the sutural terminating in a broad band at the apex, the two on each side somewhat indistinct, the humeral ending in a short transverse bar; body beneath pale ashy, a glossy black spot on each side of the metasternum, and a smaller one on the first abdominal segment on each side; femora brownish-fulvous at the base, gradually passing into ashy and pale cobalt, the latter especially on the tarsi; antennæ black, the first three joints blueish.
Length 4½—5½ lines.
In this rather slender species the stripes between the eyes do not ascend to the vertex, but cease abruptly between the upper lobes of the eyes; the humeral stripe ends in a short transverse bar. G. Colobothoides, Thoms., is allied to this.
Glenea illuminata.
Stibara illuminata, J. Thomson, Arch. Ent. i. 144.
G. nigrescens, prothorace elytrisque vittis cinereis quinque ornatis; antennis ochraceis, articulis duobus basalibus nigrescentibus.
Hab.—Singapore.
Blackish, cheeks and body beneath whitish, two lines on the vertex, five on the prothorax, continuous with an equal number on the elytra, ashy; body beneath blackish, the sides white; legs luteous; antennæ ochraceous, the two basal joints blackish.
Length 5½ lines.
Glenea camelina.
G. capite prothoraceque supra fuscis, hoc vitta mediana alba; elytris pallide brunneis, obsolete quinque-vittatis; antennis ochraceis, articulis duobus basalibus nigrescentibus.
Hab.—Sarawak.
Head and prothorax above blackish, the former with two, the latter with a single median stripe, front and cheeks ashy; scutellum semicircular, blackish, the apex white; elytra pale yellowish-brown, with five very indistinct stripes; body beneath and sides of the prothorax uniformly ashy; legs and antennæ yellowish-testaceous, the latter with the two basal joints blackish.
Length 5½ lines.
Resembles the last, but paler, with the two lateral prothoracic stripes obsolete, and the body beneath uniformly ashy; the punctuation of the elytra is less marked; in both the external apical spine is strongly produced.
Glenea Anona.
G. capite prothoraceque nigris, elytris fuscis, supra pallide ochraceo-vittatis; vertice vittis duabus, prothorace tribus, elytris quinque; horum apicibus singulis macula nivea ornatis (♂).
Hab.—Singapore.
Head and prothorax black, the eye bordered with white, two narrow pale ochraceous lines on the vertex; prothorax with a narrow pale ochraceous median line; scutellum semicircular, ochraceous; elytra dark brown, the suture and humeral stripe ochraceous, a spot near the apex at the base of the slender exterior mucro white; body beneath chesnut-red, with a pure white stripe on the sides, and another on the metasternum; legs reddish-testaceous, the four anterior tarsi brown, the lower half of the posterior tibiæ and their tarsi white; antennæ dark brown, covered with a whitish pubescence, the last four joints white.
Length 5 lines.
This has a slightly broader prothorax and more trigonate elytra than some of the preceding, to which its coloration allies it.
Glenea Alysson.
Pascoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1866, p. 261, pl. xxviii. fig. 8.
G. capite prothoraceque fuscis, hoc et vertice in medio vitta ochracea; elytris brunneis, extus infuscatis, apicibus singulis macula nivea ornatis.
Hab.—Singapore (and Penang).
Head and prothorax dark brown, a narrow white line bordering the eye and cheeks, the vertex and prothorax with a broad
ochraceous stripe; cheeks, stripe on the side of the prothorax, and all the under parts, pale ashy; scutellum nearly semicircular, ochraceous; elytra with the disk entirely pale brown, blackish at the sides and apex, the latter with a small snowy spot at the base of the strongly marked exterior mucro; legs reddish-testaceous, the lower half of the posterior tibiæ and their tarsi white; antennæ black, the last four joints white.
Length 5–6 lines.
This may possibly be G. lineatocollis, Thomson, Ess. &c., p. 52, a species I do not recollect seeing in his collection, but from his description, which appears to have been made from a specimen with obsoletely striped elytra, there seem to be no spots on the apices; indeed it is expressly stated that they are not spotted; and no mention is made of the white terminal joints of the antennæ.
Glenea Latania.
G. læte ochraceo-lineata; capite prothoraceque atris, hoc supra tri- vertice fronteque bi-vittatis; elytris singulis trivittatis, vitta intermedia sub-basali, brevissima, externa cum fascia basali juncta; antennis apice articuli tertii albido (♀).
Hab.—Menado.
Head and prothorax black, elytra reddish-brown, with very clear ochraceous stripes; head with the cheeks, border of the epistome and two stripes in front extending to the vertex; prothorax with three stripes, its sides above the coxæ pale ochraceous; stripe on the scutellum and along the suture also bordering the apices, a very short sub-basal stripe, the outer or humeral stripe connected with a band close to the base; body beneath chesnutred, its sides from the cheeks to the anus pale ochraceous; legs fulvous; antennæ brown, the apex of the third joint yellowish white.
Length 6 lines.
A very pretty species, noticeable for the way in which the humeral stripe is reflected at the base of the elytra, the branches being prevented from meeting by the broad scutellum.
Glenea Jubæa.
Pascoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1866, p. 260.
G. brunnea, fulvo-vittata; vertice bi- et prothorace quinque-
vittatis; elytris singulis trivittatis, vitta intermedia basali brevissima; antennis omnino fuscis (♂).
Hab.—Sarawak (and Penang).
Reddish-brown, with fulvous stripes; two stripes on the vertex, and five on the prothorax; scutellum fulvous in the middle; elytra with three stripes on each, the sutural also bordering the apex, the intermediate basal and very short, and the humeral extending from the shoulder to near the apex; body beneath with a pale-ochreous pile, divided by three glabrous stripes; legs dark testaceous; antennæ entirely dark brown.
Length 5 lines.
Somewhat like the last in the distribution of the stripes, but the colouring duller, and without the basal band; the antennæ unicolorous, &c. Thi s is possibly identical with G. mima, Thomson.
Glenea albolineata.
J. Thomson, Ess. &c., p. 51.
G. nigro-violacea, nitida; prothorace nigro, postice constricto; elytris singulis vittis tribus (suturali inclusa) sordide albescentibus (♀).
Hab.—Batchian, Bouru.
Violet-black, shining; head black, face, cheeks, two lines on vertex, and one behind each eye, dull white; prothorax constricted posteriorly, and narrower than the apex, black, three dull white stripes on the disk, and one on each side; scutellum transverse, truncate behind; elytra rather short, the violet assuming a dingy tint in certain lights, the sutural, a shorter intermediate, and the outer stripe, dull whitish; another, almost obsolete, stripe on the deflected side; body beneath covered with a delicate white pubescence; legs greyish; antennæ black.
Length 6 lines.
Glenea lugubris.
J. Thomson, Syst. Ceramb. p. 562.
G. atra, opaca; prothorace postice vix constricto; elytris singulis vittis duabus (suturali inclusa) et macula basali albis; spina exteriore apicali robusta (♂).
Hab.—Ceram.
Jet-black, opake; face, cheeks, two lines on the vertex, and one
behind each eye pure white; prothorax scarcely or very slightly constricted posteriorly, and broader than the apex, three white stripes on the disk, and one an each side; scutellum semicircular, white; elytra elongate, the sutural and outer stripe white, between the two at the base a short triangular spot, a well marked stripe on the deflected side; body beneath covered with a chalky-white pubescence, a black glabrous spot on each of the abdominal segments at the sides; legs with a thin ashy pile; antennæ black.
Length 6½ lines.
In this species the anal processes are rather long, and slightly divergent. G. versuta, Newm., differs principally in the antennæ having the third joint white at the apex.
Glenea Attalea.
G. atra, squamulis opacis dense vestita; prothorace vix constricto; elytris breviusculis, supra albo-vittatis, spina exteriore apicali parva (♀).
Hab.—Ceram.
Perhaps only the female of the preceding; it is remarkable, however, for the opake dense squamiform pubescence of the black portion, and for the whiter and longer pubescence of the stripes; the outer apical spine is also smaller, and the general outline is much more robust, but scarcely exceeding what might be expected in the female.
Length 7 lines.
Glenea cæruleata.
G. cærulea, nitida, subtilissime pubescens; prothorace nigro, postice constricto; elytris supra griseo-quinque-vittatis, vitta intermedia interrupta (♂, ♀).
Hab.—Ceram.
The variation in the extent and distinctness of the white stripes in the two individuals before me shows the uncertainty of this class of their characters; all that remains, therefore, to differentiate this species is the blue colour of the elytra, changing like shot silk in certain lights, and the pale ashy stripes; these give the insect a primâ facie distinctness totally different from any other in this section.
Length 7 lines.
Glenea Hyphæne.
G. ochraceo-lineata, capite prothoraceque fuscis, hoc supra triet vertice bi-vittatis, fronte in medio fusca; elytris pallide quinque-vittatis.
Hab.—Morty.
Head dark brown, with the cheeks, border round the lower lobe of the eye, two stripes on the vertex and one behind the eye ochraceous, the middle of the face brown; prothorax blackish-brown, a broad central, a narrower lateral stripe, beneath which is another very broad stripe, ochraceous; scutellum transverse, ochraceous; elytra pale brownish, each with three indistinct ochraceous lines, including the sutural lines which extend to and cross the apex to the exterior mucro, the second stripe extends rom the base to a little beyond the middle, the third lies midway between the second and the carina, and extends nearly to the apex; body beneath and legs reddish-yellow, sides of the sterna and abdomen ochraceous; antennæ blackish.
Length 6 lines.
Glenea Corypha.
G. ochraceo-lineata, capite prothoraceque fuscis, hoc supra uniet vertice bi-vittatis, fronte ochracea.
Hab.—Amboyna.
Perhaps only a variety of the last, from which it principally differs in the face being entirely ochraceous, in having only the central stripe on the disk of the prothorax, and in the lines on the elytra being more deeply coloured.
Length 7 lines.
Glenea interrupta.
J. Thomson, Ess. &c., p. 51.
G. cyaneo-chalybeata, nigro-tomentosa, rufo-vittata; prothorace tri- elytrisque quinque-vittatis, his vitta intermedia basali abbreviata, postea et ante medium macula rotundata, vitta suturali postice obsoleta, macula apicali ampla.
Hab.—Amboyna (and Batchian).
Dark chalybeate-blue, closely covered with a short black tomentum striped and spotted with reddish; cheeks and front whitish, two stripes on the vertex and three on the prothorax, the sides whitish; elytra with five stripes, the sutural gradually disappearing posteriorly and the intermediate short, followed by a
round spot, another large spot at the apex, humeral stripe nearly extending to the apical spot; body beneath with a close white pubescence; legs more thinly pubescent; antennæ black.
Length 6—8 lines.
The general colour seems to be black, but with a lens the derm is seen to be of a dark chalybeate-blue.
Glenea mathematica.
Stibara mathematica, J. Thomson, Arch. Ent. i. 144.
G. capite prothoraceque nigris, hoc angusto, lateribus fere parallelis, in medio vitta ochracea; vertice vittis duabus; elytris fuscis, vitta suturali ad apicem haud currente, vitta humerali maculaque apicali, ochraceis (♂).
Hab.—Java.
Head and prothorax black, the latter narrow with the sides nearly parallel; two stripes on the vertex and two on the prothorax pure ochraceous; scutellum rather narrow, rounded behind, ochraceous; elytra dark reddish-brown, a narrow sutural stripe not extending to the apex, and a humeral stripe nearly united to a large oblong apical spot, ochraceous; body beneath brown, the sides striped with white; legs luteous; antennæ reddish-brown.
Length 5 lines.
In colour and form recalling G. Anona, but obviously more nearly allied to the following.
Glenea algebraica.
Stibara algebraica, J. Thomson, Arch. Ent. i. 144.
G. fusca, vitta lata ochracea a vertice ad apices elytrorum, vitta humerali nulla (♂, ♀).
Hab.—Sarawak, Singapore.
Dark brown, a broad well-marked ochraceous stripe extending from the vertex to the apices of the elytra and terminating at the outer spine, the front entirely whitish, or whitish with a large central blackish spot, the vertical stripe either fading away in front or well limited; scutellum semicircular; body beneath uniformly white, with the middle of the abdomen generally luteous; legs testaceous, tarsi whitish; antennæ dark brown.
Length 5—6 lines.
The side of the prothorax is sometimes divided by a white stripe.
Glenea analytica.
G. fusca, vitta ochracea a vertice ad apices elytrorum, vitta humerali angustata (♂).
Hab.—Sarawak.
Closely allied to the last, but the vertical stripe dividing between the eyes and embracing a large black patch; the prothorax larger and more constricted posteriorly; the scutellum less rounded and longer; there is also a narrow humeral stripe as in G. mathematica, which does not, however, extend to the apex, and the sutural stripe is narrower and of uniform breadth, spreading out however at the base.
Length 6 lines.
Glenea eclectica.
G. fusca, vitta ochracea a vertice ad apices elytrorum, vitta etiam postica, apicibus oblique emarginatis; scutello semicirculari.
Hab.—Sarawak.
This bears a close resemblance to G. algebraica, but it is very considerably shorter, the elytra flatter posteriorly and their apices oblique and less deeply emarginate, the outer spine is nearly obsolete, and there is no trace of the angles formed by the deflected sides; the stripe on the elytra spreads out at the base so as to touch the shoulders, and the legs are darker: there is only one example; how far, therefore, some of these characters may be permanent must be left for future observation.
Length 4 lines.
Glenea discoidalis.
G. fusca, vertice prothoraceque vitta mediana ochracea; elytris disco fulvo-brunneis, antennis apicem versus albis (♂).
Hab.—Singapore.
Dark brown, stripe on the vertex and prothorax ochraceous; cheeks and front ashy; scutellum sub-scutiform, ochraceous; elytra with the disk almost entirely pale yellowish-brown, the sides dark brown and nearly glabrous, the apex of each with a strong outer spine; body beneath ashy; legs fulvous; antennæ brownish, gradually becoming white towards the apex.
Length 4 lines.
This species has the elytra much more strongly punctured than the last, and the angle formed by the deflected side is very prominent.
Glenea palliata.
G. valde pubescens; capite prothoraceque flavo-griseis; elytris brunneis, disco vittaque laterali flavo-griseis (♀).
Hab.—Singapore.
Covered with a close somewhat silky pubescence; head and prothorax yellowish-grey, the latter impunctate; scutellum semicircular, yellowish-grey; elytra reddish-brown, the disk and a narrow stripe on the declivous portion yellowish-grey, the apices with a nearly obsolete external spine; body beneath entirely greyish; legs testaceous; antennæ brown.
Length 4 lines.
In this species there is scarcely any trace of the angle formed by the deflected sides of the elytra.
Glenea scalaris.
J. Thomson, Syst. Ceramb. p. 567.
Glenea cunila, Pascoe, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1866, p. 260.
G. capite, prothorace, elytrorumque vitta irregulari pube flavogrisea tectis, his lateraliter fere glabris, fuscis (♀).
Hab.—Singapore.
Head and prothorax covered with a close somewhat silky yellowish-grey pubescence, the latter finely punctured; scutellum squarish, yellowish-grey; elytra with a broad irregular yellowish-grey sutural stripe, the sides nearly glabrous, brown, the apices with a long external spine; body beneath greyish; legs dark brown, bases of the femora luteous; posterior tarsi pale yellowish; antennæ brown.
Length 5 lines.
Resembles the last, but the stripe on the elytra does not extend to their sides, and their apices are quite different.
Glenea Cinna. (Pl. XVII. fig. 7.)
G. nigra, capite, prothorace, vittisque elytrorum ochraceis, vitta humerali lata ad apicem currente; scutello subrotundato (♀).
Hab.—Tondano.
Black; head, prothorax and stripes on the elytra dull ochraceous; sides of the prothorax nearly parallel; scutellum rounded behind, nearly as long as broad; elytra with a narrow sutural stripe extending from the scutellum to the apex, humeral stripe
broad, beginning at the base close to the shoulder and running to the apex, where it joins the sutural stripe; body beneath ochraceous; legs brown, with a sparse ochraceous pubescence, bases of the femora luteous; antennæ black, spot at the apex of the third joint white.
Length 6 lines.
This and the following stand out very distinctly from among their congeners on account of their coloration.
Glenea Olyra.
G. nigra, capite, prothorace, vittisque elytrorum ochraceis, vitta humerali angusta apicem versus evanescente, vitta basali intermedia obliqua abbreviata; scutello transverso (♀).
Hab.—Tondano.
Black; head, prothorax and stripes on the elytra ochraceous; sides of the prothorax slightly rounded; scutellum very transverse, nearly semicircular; elytra with five stripes, the sutural extending from the scutellum to the apex, which has also a border of the same colour, the humeral stripe narrow, terminating before the apex, the intermediate basal stripe oblique, about a quarter of the length of the elytra; body beneath ochraceous at the sides, blackish with a pale greenish tinge in the middle; legs dusky, the four posterior tarsi blueish-white; antennæ black, apex of the third joint white.
Length 5½ lines.
Glenea exculta.
Newman, Entom. i. 302.
Glenea viridipustulata, Thomson, Ess. &c., p 50.
G. atra; genis, prothoracis vittis tribus, scutello, elytrorum maculis duodecim suturaque postice, et antennarum articuli tertii apice aureo-viridibus; pedibus nigrescentibus, femoribus aliquando rufo-testaceis.
Hab.—Kaioa, Batchian, Gilolo, Morty, (and Manilla).
Jet-black, with metallic, mostly golden green, or, in some specimens silvery green, stripes and spots; head with two frontal stripes and the cheeks green; prothorax nearly quadrate, a narrow central and two broader lateral stripes; scutellum transverse, green; elytra with the suture posteriorly green, each with six spots, the four outer taking the place of the humeral stripe, the first spot remote from the shoulder, the fourth apical, the two in-
VOL. III. THIRD SERIES, PART IV.—JUNE, 1867. D D
termediate equidistant, the two inner nearly in a line with the first and second; body beneath black, with the edges of the sterna and abdominal segments green; legs black, the femora sometimes reddish-testaceous, tarsi greenish; antennæ entirely black, with the exception of the apex of the third joint, which is golden green.
Length 5—6 lines.
Glenea venusta.
Saperda venusta, Guérin, Voy. de la Coq. ii. pt. 2, p. 139, pl. 7, fig. 5.
Saperda viridicincta, Boisduval, Voy. de l'Astrol. ii. 513, pl. 9, fig. 20.
G. atra, læte viridi-vittata; prothorace tri- et elytris quinque-vittatis, his in medio etiam bimaculatis, vitta intermedia brevissima basali; antennis nigris (♂).
Hab.—Dorey, Kaioa.
Black, with stripes and spots of blueish-green; face and cheeks whitish, two green stripes on the vertex; prothorax slightly contracted at the base and apex, with three stripes, the two intermediate black portions of the disk continued to the base; scutellum nearly quadrate, greenish; elytra rather slender, each with a common sutural, a narrow humeral, and a short oblique basal stripe, and in the middle a round spot; body beneath blueish-white, the middle of the sterna and abdomen brownish; legs reddish-testaceous, often nearly black, except the tarsi, which are blue; antennæ black.
Length 3½—4½ lines.
Glenea viridinotata.
Saperda viridinotata, Blanchard, Voy. au Pôl. Sud, iv. 300, pl. 17, fig. 17 (nec Thomson).
G. atra, læte viridi-vittata, prothorace tri- et elytris quadri-vittatis, his in medio etiam bimaculatis, vitta intermedia brevissima sub-basali; antennis atris, articulo tertio apice viridi (♀).
Hab.—Aru.
Probably only a variety of the last, and differing principally in the absence of the sutural stripe, (traces of which, however, may be noticed posteriorly,) and in the third antennal joint being green
at the apex; my unique example is blacker and much larger than any individual of G. venusta that I have seen.
Length 5½ lines.
Glenea basalis.
J. Thomson, Syst. Ceramb. p. 563.
G. atra, læte viridi-vittata; prothorace tri- elytrisque quinquevittatis; his etiam quadrimaculatis, basi viridi-cinctis; illo lateribus fere parallelis, et basi viride; antennis nigris, articulo tertio apice albo (♀).
Hab.—Menado.
Very nearly resembles the last, but with the suture and bases of the prothorax and elytra green.
Length 5½ lines.
Glenea concinnata.
G. nigra, læte viridi-vittata; prothorace tri- elytrisque quinquevittatis; his etiam in medio bimaculatis, vitta intermedia basali brevissima; illo basi viridi-cincto; antennis nigris.
Hab.—Sarawak, Mysol, Menado, Waigiou, Key, Aru, Dorey.
Black, two stripes on the vertex, three on the prothorax and its basal margin, scutellum, suture, apex of the elytra, the humeral stripe, the short basal intermediate stripe, and a transverse spot a little before the middle, pale green; prothorax gradually narrower towards the base; breast and borders of the abdominal segments with a pale green or whitish pubescence, the side of the metathorax sometimes with a brown spot; legs testaceous or brownish, the tarsi whitish; antennæ black.
Length 4½ lines.
Differs principally from G. venusta in the green basal margin of the prothorax.
Glenea despecta.
Pascoe, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2, iv. 259.
Glenea guttigera, J. Thomson, Syst. Ceramb. p. 563.
G. nigra, sordide albo- vel ochraceo-vittata; prothorace trielytris quinque-subvittatis, his vitta suturali fere vel in toto obsoleta, vitta intermedia vel abbreviata vel in maculis duabus mutata, vitta humerali postice interrupta; antennis articulis tribus ultimis albis.
Hab.—Sarawak.
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