S114    Periodical contribution:     Wallace, A. R. 1865. On the pigeons of the Malay Archipelago. Ibis (n.s.) 1 (4): 365-400, pl.9.   Text   Image   PDF

TABLE showing the distribution of Malayan Pigeons. INDIAN REGION. AUSTRALIAN REGION. Asia. Indo-Malay Islands. Celebes Timor group. Moluccan group. Papuan Islands. TRERONIDÆ. Indian Asia. Chinese Asia. Malacca and Singapore. Sumatra. Java. Borneo. Philippines. Celebes. Sulla Island. Lombock. Flores. Timor. Batchian. Kaioa Island. Gilolo and Ternate. Morty Island. Bouru. Ceram and Amboyna. Goram and Matabello. Ké Islands. Aru Islands. Mysol. Waigiou. New Guinea and Salwatty Islands east of New

S135    Periodical contribution:     Wallace, A. R. 1868. A catalogue of the Cetoniidae of the Malayan Archipelago, with descriptions of the new species. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (ser. 3) 4 (part V): 519-601, pls. XI-XIV.   Text   Image   PDF

10. LOMAPTERA OLIVACEA, Thomson. Lomaptera olivacea, Thoms. Mus. Scient. p. 34. Male with one, female with two sub-apical teeth on the fore tibiæ. Female rather more distinctly punctured. Anterior coxæ and femora clothed with black hairs.Hab. Batchian, Gilolo, Morty Island (Coll. Wall., B.M.). The Morty Island specimens are as much punctured in the male sex as the females of the other islands, and form a partial transition to L. Latreillii. This species was abundant at the flowers and sap of

S135    Periodical contribution:     Wallace, A. R. 1868. A catalogue of the Cetoniidae of the Malayan Archipelago, with descriptions of the new species. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (ser. 3) 4 (part V): 519-601, pls. XI-XIV.   Text   Image   PDF

Number of Species. Distribution of Species. INDIAN REGION. AUSTRALIAN REGION. Indo-Malay Islands. Celebes. Moluccan Group. Papuan Islands. Timor Group. Malacca and Singapore. Sumatra. Java. Borneo. Philippines. Celebes. Sulla Isl. Batchian. Kaioa Isl. Ternate. Gilolo. Morty Isl. Bouru. Ceram and Amboyna. Goram and Matabello. K Isl. Aru Islands. Mysol. Waigiou. N. Guinea Salwatty. Lombock. Flores. Timor. N. Hebrides Solomon Is. 2 Mycteristes 1 1 15 Heterorhina 4 1 4 1 5 1 1 1 10 Clinteria 2 1 4

S148    Periodical contribution:     Wallace, A. R. 1869. Notes on eastern butterflies (continued). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1869 (part IV): 321-349.   Text   Image   PDF

, Feld. Wien. Ent. Monats. 1861, p. 303.Hab.—Mindanao. Closely allied to E. tæniata, but smaller, and the anterior wings more angulate. 2. ERGOLIS OBSCURA. Ergolis obscura, Feld. Nov. Voy. Lep. p. 450, pl. lxi. f. 3, 4.Hab.— Halmaheira, Gilolo (Felder). This very distinct species may be at once distinguished from the rest of the genus by its uniformly rounded wings. It is of a dusky colour, and the usual markings are nearly obliterated. Fam. LIBYTHEIDÆ. Genus LIBYTHEA, Fabricius. This small group

S715.1    Book:     Wallace, A. R. 1869. The Malay Archipelago: The land of the orang-utan, and the bird of paradise. A narrative of travel, with studies of man and nature. London: Macmillan and Co. Volume 1.   Text   Image   PDF

, but is said to have one volcano near its centre. Going northward, Amboyna, a part of Bouru, and the west end of Ceram, the north part of Gilolo, and all the small islands around it, the northern extremity of Celebes, and the islands of Siau and Sanguir, are wholly volcanic. The Philippine Archipelago contains many active and extinct volcanoes, and has probably been reduced to its present fragmentary condition by subsidences attending on volcanic action. All along this great line of volcanoes are

S715.1    Book:     Wallace, A. R. 1869. The Malay Archipelago: The land of the orang-utan, and the bird of paradise. A narrative of travel, with studies of man and nature. London: Macmillan and Co. Volume 1.   Text   Image   PDF

But although the Sula islands belong to Celebes, they are so close to Bouru and the southern islands of the Gilolo group, that several purely Moluccan forms have migrated there, which are quite unknown to the island of Celebes itself; the whole thirteen Moluccan species being in this category, thus adding to the productions of Celebes a foreign element which does not really belong to it. In studying the peculiarities of the Celebesian fauna, it will therefore be well to consider only the

S715.2    Book:     Wallace, A. R. 1869. The Malay Archipelago: The land of the orang-utan, and the bird of paradise. A narrative of travel, with studies of man and nature. London: Macmillan and Co. Volume 2.   Text   Image   PDF

CHAPTER XXII. GILOLO. (MARCH AND SEPTEMBER 1858.) I MADE but few and comparatively short visits to this large and little known island, but obtained a considerable knowledge of its natural history by sending first my boy Ali, and then my assistant, Charles Allen, who stayed two or three months each in the northern peninsula, and brought me back large collections of birds and insects. In this chapter I propose to give a sketch of the parts which I myself visited. My first stay was at Dodinga

S715.2    Book:     Wallace, A. R. 1869. The Malay Archipelago: The land of the orang-utan, and the bird of paradise. A narrative of travel, with studies of man and nature. London: Macmillan and Co. Volume 2.   Text   Image   PDF

boundary line between the Malay and Papuan races, and at a spot where no other writer had expected it. I was very much pleased at this determination, as it gave me a clue to one of the most difficult problems in Ethnology, and enabled me in many other places to separate the two races, and to unravel their intermixtures. On my return from Waigiou in 1860, I stayed some days on the southern extremity of Gilolo; but, beyond seeing something more of its structure and general character, obtained very

S715.2    Book:     Wallace, A. R. 1869. The Malay Archipelago: The land of the orang-utan, and the bird of paradise. A narrative of travel, with studies of man and nature. London: Macmillan and Co. Volume 2.   Text   Image   PDF

of Ternate and Gilolo; and hoping for a corresponding richness in the birds and insects, it was with much satisfaction and with considerable expectation that I began my explorations in the hitherto unknown island of Batchian. D 2 [page 36

S715.2    Book:     Wallace, A. R. 1869. The Malay Archipelago: The land of the orang-utan, and the bird of paradise. A narrative of travel, with studies of man and nature. London: Macmillan and Co. Volume 2.   Text   Image   PDF

Ternate and Amboyna. Many of these have the Portuguese physiognomy strikingly preserved, but combined with a skin generally darker than the Malays. Some national customs are retained, and the Malay, which is their only language, contains a large number of Portuguese words and idioms. The third race consists of the Galela men from the north of Gilolo, a singular people, whom I have already described; and the fourth is a colony from Tom r , in the eastern [page] 4

S715.2    Book:     Wallace, A. R. 1869. The Malay Archipelago: The land of the orang-utan, and the bird of paradise. A narrative of travel, with studies of man and nature. London: Macmillan and Co. Volume 2.   Text   Image   PDF

smoke cigarettes incessantly; eat dry sago and a little salt fish; seldom sing while rowing, except when excited and wanting to reach a stopping-place, and do not talk a great deal. They are mostly Malays, with a sprinkling of Alfuros from Gilolo, and Papuans from Guebe or Waigiou. One afternoon we stayed at Makian; many of the men went on shore, and a great deal of plantains, bananas, and [page] 7

S715.2    Book:     Wallace, A. R. 1869. The Malay Archipelago: The land of the orang-utan, and the bird of paradise. A narrative of travel, with studies of man and nature. London: Macmillan and Co. Volume 2.   Text   Image   PDF

CHAPTER XXVII. THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE MOLUCCAS. THE Moluccas consist of three large islands, Gilolo, Ceram, and Bouru, the two former being each about two hundred miles long; and a great number of smaller isles and islets, the most important of which are Batchian, Morty, Obi, K , Timor-laut, and Amboyna; and among the smaller ones, Ternate, Tidore, Kai a, and Banda. These occupy a space of ten degrees of latitude by eight of longitude, and they are connected by groups of small islets to

S715.2    Book:     Wallace, A. R. 1869. The Malay Archipelago: The land of the orang-utan, and the bird of paradise. A narrative of travel, with studies of man and nature. London: Macmillan and Co. Volume 2.   Text   Image   PDF

two well-marked groups that of Ceram, including also Bouru, Amboyna, Banda, and K ; and that of Gilolo, including Morty, Batchian, Obi, Ternate, and other small islands. These divisions have each a considerable number of peculiar species, no less than fifty-five being found in the Ceram group only; and besides this, most of the separate islands have some species peculiar to themselves. Thus Morty island has a peculiar kingfisher, honeysucker, and starling; Ternate has a ground-thrush (Pitta

S715.2    Book:     Wallace, A. R. 1869. The Malay Archipelago: The land of the orang-utan, and the bird of paradise. A narrative of travel, with studies of man and nature. London: Macmillan and Co. Volume 2.   Text   Image   PDF

CHAPTER XXXIV. NEW GUINEA. DOREY. (MARCH TO JULY 1858.) AFTER my return from Gilolo to Ternate, in March 1858, I made arrangements for my long-wished-for voyage to the mainland of New Guinea, where I anticipated that my collections would surpass those which I had formed at the Aru Islands. The poverty of Ternate in articles used by Europeans was shown, by my searching in vain through all the stores for such common things as flour, metal spoons, wide-mouthed phials, beeswax, a penknife, and a

S715.2    Book:     Wallace, A. R. 1869. The Malay Archipelago: The land of the orang-utan, and the bird of paradise. A narrative of travel, with studies of man and nature. London: Macmillan and Co. Volume 2.   Text   Image   PDF

the western coast of Gilolo, through the island of Bouru, and curving round the west end of Flores, then bending back by Sandalwood Island to take in Rotti, we shall divide the Archipelago into two portions, the races of which have strongly marked distinctive peculiarities. This line will separate the Malayan and all the Asiatic races, from the Papuans and all that inhabit the [page] 45

S715.2    Book:     Wallace, A. R. 1869. The Malay Archipelago: The land of the orang-utan, and the bird of paradise. A narrative of travel, with studies of man and nature. London: Macmillan and Co. Volume 2.   Text   Image   PDF

the natives of Gilolo and Ceram, the Fijian, the inhabitants of the Sandwich Islands and those of New Zealand, are all varying forms of one great Oceanic or Polynesian race. It is, however, quite possible, and perhaps probable, that the brown Polynesians were originally the produce of a mixture of Malays, or some lighter coloured Mongol race with the dark Papuans; but if so, the intermingling took place at such a remote epoch, and has been so assisted by the continued influence of physical

S718.1    Book:     Wallace, A. R. 1876. The geographical distribution of animals; with a study of the relations of living and extinct faunas as elucidating the past changes of the Earth's surface. London: Macmillan & Co. Volume 1.   Text   Image   PDF

Lombok and Moluccas to N. Zealand Palæarctic, Oriental PITTIDæ. 161. Pitta 12 Celebes and Lombok to N. Guinea and Australia Oriental 162. Hydrornis 1 Gilolo, Batchian Himalayas to Java 163. Melampitta 1 N. Guinea MENURIDæ. 164. Menura 2 E. Australia ATRICHIIDæ. 165. Atrichia 2 W. Australia and Queensland PICARIæ. PICIDæ. 166. Yungipicus 2 Celebes, Lombok, and Flores Oriental (Mulleripicus 1 Celebes) Oriental genus [page] 48

S720    Book:     Wallace, A. R. ed. 1879. Australasia. Stanford’s compendium of geography and travel: based on Hellwald’s ‘Die Erde und ihre Völker’. Edited and extended by Alfred R. Wallace, F.R.G.S., Author of the ‘Malay Archipelago,’ ‘Geographical distribution of animals,’ etc. With Ethnological appendix by A.H. Keane, M.A.I. London: Edward Stanford (Stanford's Compendium of Geography and Travel).   Text   Image   PDF

of any other island except the much smaller Gilolo to the eastward. It consists of a central mass, from which radiate four enormous arms, forming three deep gulfs on the east side, while the west has a curved and nearly even coastline; and the whole was likened by the Portuguese historian De Couto to a huge grasshopper. Its greatest length between the extremities of the northern and southern peninsulas is about 750 miles, their average breadth being about 60 miles. The two eastern peninsulas are

S721[2d]    Book:     Wallace, A. R. 1892. Island life: or, the phenomena and causes of insular faunas and floras, including a revision and attempted solution of the problem of geological climates. Second and revised edition. London and New York: Macmillan and Co.   Text   PDF

*152. Carpophaga pulchella (Wald.) Togian Is. (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hst., 1874.) 153. concinna (Salv.) Ke Goram 154. rosacea Gilolo, Timor *155. pæcilorrhoa(Brugg.) 156. luctuosa *157. bicolor (Meyer) New Guin., Moluccas 158. radiata 159. forsteni 160. Macropygia albicapilla 161. inacassariensis *162. sanghirensis (Salv.) 163. Turacœna menadensis *164. Reinwardtænas reinwardti Meyer Moluccas NewGuin. 165. Turtur tigrina Malaya, Moluccas 166. Chalcophaps stephani New Guinea 167. indica var. India

S134    Periodical contribution:     [Wallace, A. R.] 1867. Mimicry, and other protective resemblances among animals. Westminster Review (n.s.) 32 (173, 1 July): 1-43.   Text   Image   PDF

Tropidorhynchus which is not at all imitated by the Mimeta. In the island of Morty (north of Gilolo) there exists the Tropidorhynchus fuscicapillus, of a dark sooty brown colour, especially on the head, while the under parts are rather lighter, and the characteristic ruff of the nape is wanting. Now it is curious that in the adjacent island of Gilolo should be found the Mimeta phæochromus, the upper surface of which is of exactly the same dark sooty tint as the Tropidorhynchus, and is the only

S715.2    Book:     Wallace, A. R. 1869. The Malay Archipelago: The land of the orang-utan, and the bird of paradise. A narrative of travel, with studies of man and nature. London: Macmillan and Co. Volume 2.   Text   Image   PDF

. Galapagos islands, peculiar productions of, i. 15. Galela men, ii. 34; from Gilolo, 43. Galela vocabulary, ii. 474. Gamelang, a native band, 161. Gani-diluar, village of, ii. 375; repairs and provisions obtained there, 376, 378. Gani men, their knowledge of the coast, ii. 379. Gani vocabulary, ii. 474. Gaper, blue-billed, i. 43; green, 44. Garo, an attendant boy, ii. 24. Geach, Mr., an English mining engineer at Delli, i. 295; his disheartening report respecting the supposed copper mines, 300, 304

S089    Periodical contribution:     Wallace, A. R. 1864. Remarks on the habits, distribution, and affinities of the genus Pitta. Ibis 6 (21): 100-114.   Text   Image   PDF

species, black, with white breast, red belly, and blue shoulder-patches:— 30. maxima . . . . . Gilolo. This magnificent bird, perhaps the finest of the genus, is much isolated; the form of its wings, the pale-coloured legs, black head, crimson belly, white wing-bar, and blue shoulder-patch show its nearest affinities to be with Sect. 1. Sect. 9. A large light-blue bird, spotted beneath. 31. cyanea . . . . . Arracan, Tenasserim. This is another remarkable and very distinct bird, which by its

S127    Periodical contribution:     Wallace, A. R. 1867. On the Pieridae of the Indian and Australian regions. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (ser. 3) 4 (part III): 301-416, pls. 1-4.   Text   Image   PDF

in Sumatra and also in Celebes; the former locality is so improbable that I unhesitatingly reject it in the absence of direct evidence, and as to the latter perhaps a specimen of T. celebensis has been mistaken for it. 34. Terias puella, Boisduval. Terias puella, Bd. Voy. Astrol. p. 60, pl. 2, fig. 8, ; Sp. G n. p. 674 (candida, var.). Hab. Batchian, Gilolo, Waigiou (Coll. Wall.). The female resembles the male, but has the border rather wider, and is of a pale sulphur-yellow above. In the male

S127    Periodical contribution:     Wallace, A. R. 1867. On the Pieridae of the Indian and Australian regions. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (ser. 3) 4 (part III): 301-416, pls. 1-4.   Text   Image   PDF

. 455, pl. xxvi. f. 2. P. mysis, var. lara, Voll. Mon. Pier. p. 12. Hab. Mysol (B. M.); New Guinea (Leyden Mus.). 39. Thyca pæcilea, Vollenhoven. Pieris pæcilea, Voll. Mon. Pier. p. 13, pl. 3, f. 3, . Hab. Gilolo, Morty (Voll.); Batchian (Coll. Wall.). My specimens from Batchian seem so near Vollenhoven's that I do not like to separate them. The red band beneath is broader in my insects, contains an additional small spot at each end, and melts into the orange tint of the anal angle. The female

S127    Periodical contribution:     Wallace, A. R. 1867. On the Pieridae of the Indian and Australian regions. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (ser. 3) 4 (part III): 301-416, pls. 1-4.   Text   Image   PDF

. Journ. of Ent. vol. 2, p. 5. I. Felderi, Voll. Mon. Pier. p. 53, pl. 6, f. 2, 3, , . Hab. Batchian, Gilolo, Morty Island (Coll. Wall.). 5. Iphias leucogynia, Wallace. Iphias leucogynia, Wall. Journ. of Ent. vol. 2, p. 4, pl. 1, f. 1 , f. 2 . Hab. Bouru (Coll. Wall.). 6. Iphias leucippe, Cramer. Papilio leucippe, Cr. 36 A, B, C. Iphias leucippe, B. Sp. G n. p. 596. Hab. Amboina, Ceram (Coll. Wall.). This magnificent insect is not uncommon in Amboina as well as in Ceram, although the Leyden